上海海事局整治黄浦江船舶油污染

按照近期交通部发布的《沿海海域船舶排污设备铅封管理规定》和交通部海事局发布的《2007年限制船舶污染物排放专项行动实施方案》，2007年7月1日起，上海港对港内适用船舶的排油污设备实施铅封管理。     

交通部颁布《沿海海域船舶排污设备铅封管理规定》

为限制和减少船舶污染物的排放,加快推进“资源节约型、环境友好型交通发展模式研究”工作,保护水域环境,交通部于近日颁布《沿海海域船舶排污设备铅封管理规定》(以下简称《规定》),要求各有关单位积极做好《规定》的宣贯和落实工作,严格执法,打击沿海海域船舶的非法排污行为。同时要求各有关港口按《海洋环境     

船舶应对铅封防油污染设备排出通道的措施

讨论交通部海事局铅封特定水域航行、作业船舶的排污设备的应对措施,包括思想重视、铅封时的注意事项、铅封后及时排岸、坚持保养油污水处理装置、紧急情况自行启封等。     

2008年限制船舶排污专项行动启动

日前海事局印发《2008年限制船舶污染物排放专项行动实施方案》,直属海事系统该项行动启动,包括:!复查实施铅封的船舶;!研究扩大铅封管理范围的可行性;     

浅谈船舶铅封管理

目前,船舶铅封工作正在全国范围内深入开展,本文结合笔者自己的工作实践,以某大型远洋船舶为例,着重介绍了如何阅读机舱油污水管系图以及如何对其实施铅封管理工作。     

政策与法规

4月1日起《船舶交易管理规定》在全国实施,绿色环保拆船严禁废船拆解旧设备拼装造船,中国海事局印发《内河电子航道示意图制作技术规定》     

交通部发布《长江江苏段船舶定线制规定（2005）》

《长江江苏段船舶定线制规定》自实施以来，长江江苏段水上交通安全形势和通航秩序有了根本性的好转。为进步顺应当前航运经济发展要求，继续发挥《长江江苏段船舶定线制规定》保障船舶航行安全，提高航运效率，拉动航运经济的作用，并与新近颁布的《长江安徽段船舶定线制规定》相衔接。近日，交通部授权交通部海事局对《长江江苏段船舶定线制规定》进行了修改，并更名为《长江江苏段船舶定线制规定（2005）》（全文如下），自2005年10月1日起实施，原《长江江苏段船舶定线制规定》同时废止。     

巩固改革成果 提升渔船检验质量和服务水平——交通运输部海事局局长曹德胜解读《渔业船舶检验管理规定》

日前,交通运输部颁布《渔业船舶检验管理规定》(简称《规定》),将于2020年1月1日实施。作为《中华人民共和国渔业船舶检验条例》的配套规定,《规定》进一步明确有关监督管理部门和检验机构职责,明确有关管理制度和监督管理要求,解决渔业船舶检验的突出矛盾,促进渔业船舶检验质量和服务能力提升。同时,制定《规定》是交通运输部渔业船舶检验和监督管理法律制度建设的重要举措,也将填补渔业船舶检验和监督管理在规章层面的空白。该规章的实施将进一步完善渔业船舶检验和监督管理制度体系,保障渔业船舶检验和监督管理职责的有效落实,促进渔业船舶检验行业健康发展。     

《物权法》与《海商法》对船舶物权制度规定之区别

1993年实施的《海商法》尚未引入物权的概念，但与船舶所有权、抵押权、留置权等有关的物权制度却得到清晰和明确的确立。随着《物权法》的实施，《物权法》中有关物权的法律制度与《海商法》中的船舶物权制度却有差异性规定，这无疑会对《海商法》下的船舶物权制度产生影响。其差异性规定主要体现在哪些方面？本文着重从船舶所有权、抵押权、留置权等方面涉及的船舶定义、船舶法律特性、船舶物权内容、船舶物权登记对抗、船舶物权实现方式等分析《物权法》与《海商法》的不同规定。     

沿海船舶防污设备电子铅封的实现

文中介绍了沿海航行船舶违规排放油类物质的现状及存在的问题,提出了实现沿海航行船舶防污电子设备铅封的可行性。     

渤海海域建立特别敏感海域PSSA的思考

渤海拥有丰富的海洋资源,但随着经济建设的快速发展,渤海正承受前所未有的环境压力,严峻的环境污染不仅制约着环渤海经济的快速发展,也严重威胁人们的身体健康。如在渤海海域建立PSSA,对渤海海域环境综合整治以及生态恢复与保护具有极其重要的现实意义。     

海上无人井口平台消防泵选型与智能化控制方案

以渤海海域某海上无人井口平台为例，统计渤海作业船的消防能力，对渤海某海上无人井口平台依托作业船消防系统进行可行性分析。根据平台公用系统配备情况对消防泵选型方案进行优选，并提出消防泵智能化控制方案，为海上无人井口平台消防泵选型与智能化控制提供新思路。     

渤海海上移动高速宽带网络应用探索与展望

文中以针对海上环境优化后的移动高速宽带传输技术在天津海事巡航船舶上的应用为基础,介绍了移动无线微波通信技术在海上通信距离拓展方面的突破。提出了利用该技术,通过渤海周边基站的合理选择配置,真正实现渤海海上移动高速宽带网络全覆盖的展望。     

论我国履行《国际海运固体散装货物规则》的策略

《国际海运固体散装货物规则》（《IMSBC规则》）即将于2011年1月1日生效。文中结合近年来发生在渤海海域的多起载运固体散装货物的船舶沉没事故教训,探讨了我国目前在固体散装货物海运相关作业和安全监管方面存在的问题,论述我国履行《IMSBC规则》的必要性,并分别从装货前检测、货物安全适运性申报、港口管理、船舶管理、现场监管等方面提出我国通过国内立法建立履行《IMSBC规则》机制的策略。     

边界适应曲线网格在天文潮、风暴潮数值模拟中的应用

采用曲线坐标系下的准三维近岸流波流耦合数值模型,采用边界适应曲线计算网格和两层嵌套方法,设计一套简单实用的天文潮预报系统,并引入风场以及考虑天文潮和风暴潮之间非线性作用的开边界水位,对2003年渤海发生的一次温带风暴潮进行模拟,计算结果与实测潮位吻合较好。     

Changes in the shelf macrobenthic community over large temporal and spatial scales in the Bohai Sea, China

Over the past 20 years, the Bohai Sea has been subjected to a considerable human impact through over-fishing and pollution. Together with the influence of the Yellow River cut-off, the ecosystem experienced a dramatic change. In order to integrate available information to detect any change in macrobenthic community structure and diversity over space and time, data collected during the 1980s and the 1990s from 3 regions of the Bohai Sea (Laizhou Bay, 16 stations, 37–38°N, 119–120.5°E; central Bohai Sea, 25 stations, 38–39°N, 119–121°E; eastern Bohai Bay, 12 stations, 38–39°N, 118.5–119°E) were reanalyzed in a comparative way by means of a variety of statistical techniques. A considerable change in community structure between the 1980s and the 1990s and over the geographical regions at both the species and family level were revealed. After 10 years, there was a considerable increase in abundance of small polychaetes, bivalves and crustaceans but decreased number of echinoderms. Once abundant in Laizhou Bay in the 1980s, a large echinoderm Echinocardium cordatum and a small mussel Musculista senhousia almost disappeared from the surveying area in the 1990s. Coupled with the increased abundance was the increased species richness in general whereas evenness was getting lower in central Bohai Sea and Bohai Bay but increased in Laizhou Bay. K-dominance plot showed the same trend as evenness J′. After 10 years, the macrobenthic diversity in the Bohai Sea as a whole was slightly reduced and a diversity ranking of central Bohai Sea > Laizhou Bay > eastern Bohai Bay over space was also suggested. Sediment granulometry and organic content were the two major agents behind the observed changes.     

Variability of the Bohai Sea circulation based on model calculations

The circulation and the hydrography of the Bohai Sea are simulated with the Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM). The model is three-dimensional, prognostic baroclinic and has a resolution of 5 min in latitude and longitude and 10 layers in the vertical. It is initialised and forced with the five main tidal constituents, temperature and salinity distributions taken from the Levitus database, monthly mean river run-off values and European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) re-analysed data of air pressure, wind stress and of those parameters relevant for the calculation of heat fluxes. The simulation period covers 14 years from 1980 to 1993 due to the availability of the time-dependent ECMWF forcing.The results are analysed by means of time series and EOFs focussing on the interpretation of fluctuations with periods above the tidal cycle. Furthermore, tracer simulations are carried out and turnover times are calculated in order to evaluate the importance of these fluctuations on the renewal and transport of water masses in the Bohai Sea.One of the major outcomes of the investigation is the overall dominance of the annual cycle in all hydrographic parameters and the importance of stochastic weather fluctuations on the transport of water masses in the Bohai Sea.     

渤海冰期溢油非常规应对策略和技术

渤海冰期溢油非常规策略主要针对无法使用现有常规回收策略加以回收的有冰环境。文中提出的非常规应对策略依据海冰、溢油、海水之间微妙关系因势利导,提出解决冰期溢油极端情况下的处置难题。     

Decadal-scale variations of trophic levels at high trophic levels in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea ecosystem

A total of 2759 stomachs collected from a bottom trawl survey carried out by R/V “Bei Dou” in the Yellow Sea between 32°00 and 36°30N in autumn 2000 and spring 2001 were examined. The trophic levels (TL) of eight dominant fish species were calculated based on stomach contents, and trophic levels of 17 dominant species in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea reported in later 1950s and mid-1980s were estimated so as to be comparable. The results indicated that the mean trophic level at high trophic levels declined from 4.06 in 1959–1960 to 3.41 in 1998–1999, or 0.16–0.19·decade^− 1 (mean 0.17·decade^− 1) in the Bohai Sea, and from 3.61 in 1985–1986 to 3.40 in 2000–2001, or 0.14·decade^− 1 in the Yellow Sea; all higher than global trend. The dominant species composition in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea changed, with the percentage of planktivorous species increases and piscivorous or omnivorous species decreases, and this was one of the main reasons for the decline in mean trophic level at high tropic levels. Another main reason was intraspecific changes in TL. Similarly, many factors caused decline of trophic levels in the dominant fish species in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. Firstly, TL of the same prey got lower, and anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) as prey was most representative. Secondly, TLs of diet composition getting lower resulted in not only decline of trophic levels but also changed feeding habits of some species, such as spotted velvetfish (Erisphex pottii) and Trichiurus muticus in the Yellow Sea. Thirdly, species size getting smaller also resulted in not only decline of trophic levels but also changed feeding habits of some species, such as Bambay duck (Harpodon nehereus) and largehead hairtail (Trichiurus haumela). Furthermore, fishing pressure and climate change may be interfering to cause fishing down the food web in the China coastal ocean.     

中国海岸波浪特征与建港条件研究

分析了中国渤海、黄海、东海和南海海岸的风与波浪特征。提出用代表波高描述海区年均波浪强度。时波高极大值应进行重现研究和归并处理。时港址选择、波要素推算和防浪设计有指导意义。