基于2阶段喷射的缸内直喷汽油机HCCI燃烧的研究

在缸内直喷汽油机（GDI）上采用2阶段燃油喷射技术来控制缸内混合气形成和燃烧，在GDI发动机上实现了均质混合气压燃（HCCI）燃烧方式，研究了缸内2阶段汽油喷射对HCCI燃烧特性的影响。结果表明，压缩行程中的第2次喷油时间可以有效地控制燃烧始点，二次喷油持续期可以控制燃烧速率、燃烧相位和拓宽发动机负荷。     

二次喷射对直喷增压小排量汽油机影响的数值模拟

采用经试验验证的喷雾和燃烧模型,对一款小排量增压直喷汽油机进行数值模拟,研究二次喷射(不同喷油时刻和喷油比例)对发动机的油膜形成和混合气均匀性的影响。结果表明,在低速全负荷工况下,该款发动机存在一组最佳喷油参数:第一次喷射开始时刻为60°CA ATDC,第二次喷射结束时刻为170°CA ATDC,第二次喷射燃油比例为30%。     

喷油策略对柴油机燃烧噪声及排放影响的模拟研究

进行了通过优化高压共轨系统燃油喷射策略来改善缸内燃烧排放性能的研究,基于AVL Fire软件,针对1015柴油机开展了不同燃油喷射策略下的喷雾燃烧和排放的数值模拟,建立了数学模型并验证了模型的可靠性,分析了一次预喷的预喷时刻、预喷量、主喷提前角对燃烧噪声及排放的影响,揭示了各参数对燃烧噪声和NOx及炭烟生成的影响机理,为进一步优化预喷方案提供了理论依据。     

预喷射控制柴油机燃烧噪声的试验研究

研究了预喷射在高压共轨电控直喷式柴油机上控制燃烧噪声的作用。通过试验分析了不同工况下预喷射变量、预喷射定时、预喷射油量及主喷射定时的变化对燃烧噪声产生的影响。基于结果的分析,对预喷射变量进行优化。在以燃烧噪声为目标进行优化的同时,兼顾其对排放和经济性的影响。结果表明,采用预喷射可以明显改善燃烧噪声,在优化了预喷射策略之后,改善效果更明显。采用合理的预喷射策略可以明显降低燃烧噪声和NOx排放,但烟度和燃油消耗率略有增加。     

GDI发动机二次喷射策略对油耗和排放影响的试验研究

通过改变某款GDI汽油发动机二次喷射策略,在2800rpm,13.5bar工况下研究了二次喷射比例和喷油时刻对油耗、排放的影响。试验结果表明:适当的二次喷射策略有利于优化发动机经济性和排放;二次喷射的比例和喷油时刻影响混合气的形成,可燃混合气形成的优劣程度直接影响燃烧和排放中炭烟生成,可通过优化策略控制CO和HC排放;二次喷射影响缸内温度,温度升高NOx排放增大。     

导向圆弧和中孔喷射对TR燃烧系统影响的研究

为研究导向圆弧和中孔喷射对TR燃烧系统的影响,应用STAR—CD软件对TR燃烧系统进行三维数值模拟。结果表明,在导向圆弧的作用下产生的燃油二次雾化,大大加速了混合气的形成和燃烧。中孔喷射使TR燃烧系统的着火区域出现在燃烧室中心,并有序地向外扩展,燃烧室中间的空气得到有效利用。中心喷孔的直径不能过大,否则燃烧恶化,烟度上升。     

五气门气道喷射发动机实施稀混合气燃烧的一种新解决方案

本文提出一种改善五气门电控气道喷射汽油机稀薄燃烧的新方案－组合喷射稀薄燃烧，并对影响稀燃性能和排放的因素进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，两个喷油器的喷油量和喷油定时对油耗和 明显的影响。采用组合喷射稀薄混合气燃烧与采用单进气道喷射相比，在部分负荷时的排放和油耗都有明显的改善。     

CO2缸内喷射对直喷柴油机燃烧排放特性的影响

在一台单缸直喷柴油机上用CO2喷射来模拟EGR,研究了CO2缸内喷射始点和喷射量对直喷柴油机燃烧和排放的影响.结果表明:CO2喷射始点提前时,燃烧始点推迟,NOx排放降低.与外部EGR类似,增大缸内CO2喷射量,也可明显降低NOx排放;但是碳烟排放先增大后减小.     

主动射流点火天然气发动机的燃烧控制策略

本文研究了天然气发动机主动射流点火模式下喷射压力和喷射脉宽对射流燃烧特性的影响。试验条件为：保持进气道压力为0.08 MPa、进气道天然气喷射脉宽为18 ms、调整射流室天然气主动喷射压力从0.5 MPa依次增加到3.0 MPa,增量间隔为0.5 MPa,主动喷射脉宽从1 ms依次增加到5 ms,增量间隔为1 ms。发动机的转速为800 r/min,点火时刻为-24°CA ATDC。试验结果表明,相比于被动射流点火,主动射流点火可提高峰值放热速率,加速燃烧。主动喷射压力和脉宽过低时,循环波动率（COV）大;随着主动喷射压力或脉宽增加,燃烧稳定（COV<1.5%）;继续增加主动喷射压力或脉宽对燃烧稳定性的影响不大。随着主动喷射压力和脉宽的增大,发动机峰值压力和峰值放热速率增加,初始阶段燃烧速度加快,但整体燃烧持续期变长。在固定点火时刻条件下,较低的主动喷射压力和脉宽实现更高的发动机指示热效率。主动喷射压力为0.5 MPa,主动喷射脉宽为2～5 ms时,发动机取得最高的指示热效率,优化后的指示热效率提高了2.8%。     

专利选登

内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统;液压控制蓄压室开启燃烧系统;灵活燃料发动机低排放燃烧系统;内燃机挤流燃烧室;柴油机双燃油泵喷射两种燃料的喷射系统;直喷式柴油机燃烧系统;一种着火时刻可直接控制的内燃机均质压燃燃烧系统;火花塞点火室燃烧系统。     

Influence of injection parameters on the transition from PCCI combustion to diffusion combustion in a small-bore HSDI diesel engine

In this paper, the influence of injection parameters on the transition from Premixed Charge Combustion Ignition (PCCI) combustion to conventional diesel combustion was investigated in an optically accessible High-Speed Direct-Injection (HSDI) diesel engine using multiple injection strategies. The heat release characteristics were analyzed using incylinder pressure for different operating conditions. The whole cycle combustion process was visualized with a high-speed video camera by simultaneously capturing the natural flame luminosity from both the bottom of the optical piston and the side window, showing the three dimensional combustion structure within the combustion chamber. Eight operating conditions were selected to address the influences of injection pressure, injection timing, and fuel quantity of the first injection on the development of second injection combustion. For some cases with early first injection timing and a small fuel quantity, no liquid fuel is found when luminous flame points appear, which shows that premixed combustion occurs for these cases. However, with the increase of first injection fuel quantity and retardation of the first injection timing, the combustion mode transitions from PCCI combustion to diffusion flame combustion, with liquid fuel being injected into the hot flame. The observed combustion phenomena are mainly determined by the ambient temperature and pressure at the start of the second injection event. The start-of-injection ambient conditions are greatly influenced by the first injection timing, fuel quantity, and injection pressure. Small fuel quantity and early injection timing of the first injection event and high injection pressure are preferable for low sooting combustion.     

柴油微引燃乙醇发动机燃烧、性能及排放特性研究

柴油微引燃乙醇发动机采用进气道喷射乙醇、缸内直喷微量柴油引燃的方式进行燃料供给。基于单缸四冲程柴油机,对其燃烧、性能及排放特性进行研究,固定引燃柴油喷射量为发动机能实现压燃着火的最小值,在进气压力为0.15 MPa时比较不同乙醇喷射量的工况组,通过改变柴油喷射时刻进行工况扫描。结果表明,引燃柴油的喷射时刻对发动机的燃烧、性能和排放影响显著。柴油微引燃乙醇发动机在中高负荷能够稳定运行,指示热效率可达34%以上,通过适当调节柴油喷射时刻,可以有效控制未燃碳氢(UHC)、NO_x与CO排放,同时可以实现极低的炭烟排放。柴油微引燃乙醇发动机燃烧模式为预混合或部分预混合燃烧,燃烧有两阶段放热特征,改变引燃柴油喷射时刻,可以有效控制燃烧相位。     

车用柴油机加速工况时喷油与燃烧特性的研究

通过柴油机工作过程测量分析系统对一台直喷式车用柴油机加速时的喷油和燃烧过程进行了试验研究和计算,并计算了其加速过程中的总声压级;利用油滴蒸发准维燃烧模型对柴油机加速过程NOx 排放进行了模拟计算。研究结果表明,柴油机喷油和燃烧特性参数的综合效果对NOx排放值产生影响;柴油机加速时的燃烧噪声大于标定工况,加速工况时的NOx 排放浓度值变化较大,有时大于标定工况。     

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the air-fuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultra-low sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.     

Effects of the fuel injection ratio on the emission and combustion performances of the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine applied with the split injection method

Currently, due to the severity of world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is being enforced more strictly, and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become even more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting a multiple combustion mode, a catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion using the split injection method. This paper used a split injection method in order to apply the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications of the multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. Furthermore, the effects of the ratio of the fuel injection amount on split injection are investigated. From the test results, the adequate combination of the ratio of the fuel injection amount for the split injection method has some benefit on exhaust and fuel economy performance in a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine.     

Effects of the throttle opening ratio and the injection timing of CNG on the combustion characteristics of a DI engine

We investigated the effects of the fuel injection timing — both for early and late injection — in conjunction with the throttle opening ratio on the fuel-air mixing characteristics, engine power, combustion stability and emission characteristics of a DI CNG spark engine and control system that had been modified and designed according to the author’s original idea. We verified that the combustion characteristics were affected by the fuel injection timing and that the engine conditions were affected by the throttle opening ratios and the rpm. The combustion characteristics were greatly improved for a complete open throttle ratio with an early injection timing and for a partial throttle ratio with a late injection timing. The combustion duration was governed by the duration of flame propagation in late injection timing scenarios and by the duration of early flame development in cases of early injection timing. As the result, the combustion duration is shortened, the lean limit is improved, the air-fuel mixing conditions are controlled, and the emissions are reduced through control of the fuel injection timing and vary according to ratio of the throttle opening.     

Effect of injection condition and swirl on D.I. diesel combustion in a transparent engine system

The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of injection conditions and swirl on D.I. diesel combustion using a transparent engine system. The test engine is equipped with a common rail injection system to control injection conditions and to obtain split injection characteristics. A combustion analysis and steady flow test were conducted to measure the heat release rate due to cylinder pressure and the swirl ratio. In addition, spray and diffusion flame images were obtained using a high speed camera. The LII & LIS methods were also used to obtain 2-D soot and droplet distributions. High injection pressure was found to shorten ignition delay, as well as to enhance peak pressure. The results also revealed that the heat release rate in the premixed combustion region was markedly reduced through the use of pilot injection, while the soot distribution and the heat release rate in the diffusion combustion region were increased. The swirl effect was found to shorten ignition delay at certain injection timings, and to enhance the heat release rate in all experimental conditions.