Looking at sustainable urban mobility through a cross-assessment model within the framework of land-use and transport integration

In order to realise sustainable urban transport, it is necessary to combine different kinds of decision-making, including vision-led, plan-led and consensus-led approaches. In this paper, a cross-assessment model that supports both vision-led and consensus-led approaches is proposed as an analytical tool for developing sustainable urban transport and land use strategies for a low-carbon society. It is applied to an impact analysis of public transport and land use strategies in 2030 for all of Japan's 269 urban areas, with outcomes – including the financial balance of public transport operation, user benefits, and CO₂ emissions reduction – compared by strategy and urban area.     

我国商用车低碳化发展环境研究与技术路径分析

商用车保有量约占汽车保有量的12%,但NO;和PM污染物排放量分担率高达80%,温室气体排放量占道路交通总排放量的77%。商用车是汽车产业减污降碳的关键。基于机动车出厂合格证数据对我国商用车市场发展现状、发展趋势和低碳化发展路径进行研究分析。结果表明,当前我国商用车低碳发展仍面临排放高、降耗压力大,新能源化程度低且差异较大等现实困境。同时,我国商用车具有产品分类复杂、应用场景多元化的特点,使用同一标准和政策目标对其进行约束难度较大。基于以上情况,在“碳达峰,碳中和”目标下,商用车低碳发展,仍需多措并举和多路径协同,才能有效推进。     

大力发展公交 打造公交都市——简述常州市“公交优先”的实践

大力发展公交是国内大多数城市交通的发展政策,常州市于2006年提出了"优先发展公交,来一场公交革命"的口号,从各方面贯彻落实"公交优先"政策。该文主要介绍常州市在"公交优先"方面的实践,并对未来的发展提出展望与设想。     

The impact of the existence of the volunteer on handling the waiting time at unsignalized intersection in Yogyakarta,Indonesia

This research focuses on the impact of the existence of the volunteer (VO) in managing traffic at unsignalized intersections. VO is a person who manages traffic at unsignalized intersection without the legality of operations but in exchange for financial compensation from the road users. VO is a unique phenomenon that only occurs in Indonesia's cities. The location of this research was qualified at unsignalized intersections in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which had a high traffic volume and had VO managing the traffic. The selected data were those during peak traffic conditions, each of which was one day at the same time with and without VO. Traffic volume, speed, waiting time, and vehicle conflict were the data collected and analyzed in this research. The results indicated that although the existence of VO was needed psychologically to lessen the chaotic traffic situation at unsignalized intersection, it did not have a significant impact on reducing the waiting time for vehicles from the minor road to cross and merge to the major road. The difference in waiting time was only around an average of two seconds as a result of the existence of VO compared to non-VO. According to the findings, this research proposes to prohibit the untrained VO since the benefits derived in controlling the chaotic traffic is not proportional to the potential risk of getting hit or lawsuits from drivers who are disturbed by their existence.     

Patterns of motorization development and next-generation mobility systems

This paper discusses the appropriateness of the “3-stage urban transport policy development cycle” hypothesis proposed by Professor Peter Jones and the importance of both local development context and motorization transport culture in transport policy. It then makes some observations on the future prospects for sustainable cities and transport through major technological innovations in connected and autonomous vehicles, that is, in “Auto Sapiens” as next generation vehicles.     

波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁双挂篮合龙技术

波形钢腹板-PC(预应力混凝土)组合箱梁起源于20世纪80年代的法国,20世纪90年代初为日本接受并大力推广,至今已成为日本高速公路的推荐桥型.近年来,国内波形钢腹板PC箱梁由开始的中小跨径逐步运用于大跨度连续梁桥与斜拉桥,常用的施工方法有支架法、悬臂法和顶推法.而合龙段施工作为挂篮悬臂施工的最关键的一道工序,直接关系到主梁线性和桥梁整体受力状态.     

Analyzing travelers' attitude towards ride-hailing services in developing countries: Case of Lahore,Pakistan

Ride-hailing services are gaining momentum to meet the urban travel demand in the absence of proper public transport in developing countries. To the best of our knowledge, research on passenger's behavior and attitude towards the service quality of ride-hailing services and certainly studies focusing on developing countries are quite rare. Ride-hailing services were launched to meet the travel demand of residents throughout the city of Lahore, Pakistan in 2015. A revealed preferences study of 865 respondents consisting their demographic, travel information and perceptions related to selected attributes of service quality was carried out to examine their attitude and behavior towards the use of ride-hailing services in Lahore, Pakistan.Most of the users of these services are young, well-educated and have relatively high income. The travelers who were using Rickshaw services before are found to be the frequent users of these services and ride-hailing services have started replacing respondents' previous modes of travel. Exploratory factor analysis were employed on collected data to identify the factors effecting the traveler's perceptions regarding the use of ride-hailing services and structural model of users' satisfaction were constructed based on these factors later.The results exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that significant determinants of passenger's satisfaction with ride-hailing services are coverage and accessibility attributes (CAA), instrumental attributes (IA), service attraction attributes (SAA) and safety attributes (SA). The number of trips, trip purpose, income, education, time since the use of these services, profession and household size are also significant parameters in the determination of traveler's behavior and attitude towards the use of ride-hailing services in Lahore city. The commuter's overall satisfaction with service quality of app-based services have positive association with travelers intentions to continue use of app-based services and their believe that these services have filled the gap of public transport in the city and replacing previous modes of travel. The further improvements in attributes will enhance the traveler's satisfaction with these services. Insight into the attitude and perceptions of travelers would be useful for the transport planners, ride-hailing companies and policy makers for making appropriate improvements in the services and giving them space in existing transport system.     

常州市公交行业管理的分析与探讨

公交行业的管理对于公共交通的发展至关重要,介绍了常州公交行业管理的相关内容,包括法规与政策,行政管理、市场运营模式、公交建设资金来源、票价政策等,对其优缺点进行了详细的分析,并借鉴法国、美国、日本和香港等公交发达地区的经验,对常州公交行业管理的改革提出了设想,希望对常州和其他城市的公交行业管理提供一些参考。     

发达地区中小城市交通拥堵治理对策研究——以浙江省海宁市为例

随着城市化、机动化进程的不断推进，交通拥堵已由大城市向中小城市蔓延，发达地区中小城市交通拥堵状况已较为突出，影响城市交通的正常运行，以及市民出行的便捷性。本文以浙江省海宁市交通拥堵治理为例，系统介绍了其交通运行状况，并分析了交通拥堵产生的原因；在此基础上，针对性地提出了“加强规划引领、道路系统优化、公交优先发展、停车差异发展、慢行系统完善、堵点综合治理、加大管理力度”七大治理措施，为发达地区中小城市交通拥堵治理工作提供借鉴与参考。     

Attitude toward physical activity as a determinant of bus use intention: A case study in Asuke,Japan

This study examines the effect of people's attitudes toward physical activity on their bus use intentions in rural areas in Japan. We utilized the theory of planned behavior and designated three variables—attitude toward bus use, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—as mediators for the hypothesized effect. Analysis results showed that attitude toward physical activity had a significant effect on bus use intention. For transport policy, this implies that improving attitudes toward physical activity can increase bus use and reduce physical inactivity, partly caused by car dependence. Results from a multiple-group analysis, for the hypothesized model, revealed that this finding is particularly valid for young people, car drivers, and people living within five minutes of the nearest bus stop. Finally, the effect of attitude toward physical activity on bus use intention is higher with the presence of mediators; these mediators help to increase the model's predictability for the variance of bus use intention from 8.6% to 64.4%.     

A nationwide study of factors associated with household car ownership in China

Car ownership is growing very rapidly in China; whilst this is a reflection of sustained economic growth, it presents a major challenge to Chinese transport policymakers. The consequences of China's motorization also extend beyond the national borders, however, via mechanisms such as increased demand for new automobiles produced in North America and Europe and the global atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. Chinese cities are also experimenting with innovative transport policies to manage increasing car ownership, which in a number of cases go beyond the menu of policy options that have traditionally been considered in the West. Despite policy interest for these reasons, China's motorization process is poorly understood, in part due to a scarcity of relevant data.This paper contributes to the body of literature regarding this phenomenon by drawing on a unique data resource: the 2011 wave of the China Household Finance Survey (n = 8438 households). This is a disaggregate national-scale survey dataset developed to monitor economic conditions in China, though to the authors' knowledge the CHFS has not previously been employed to study patterns of car ownership.We report a set of three analyses, to identify factors associated with: 1) whether a household owns at least one car, 2) multiple car ownership, and 3) whether a household owns a new car. Amongst other empirical results, we find that living in a rural area is negatively associated with car ownership, net of confounding effects, and that within towns/cities poor accessibility (i.e. long travel time) to the town/city centre is also negatively associated with car ownership. These findings regarding spatial effects are contrary to typical findings in the West, where car ownership is generally lowest in urban centres.An earlier version of this study was presented at the 2017 Transportation Research Board conference.     

深圳市地下交通发展现状与规划思考

通过全面梳理深圳市地下交通规划编制的发展与有关法规标准的要求，系统总结深圳市地下交通设施的发展现状与成就，并从理念导向、规划体系、政策制度、智慧建设和评估机制5个方面评估深圳市地下交通发展面临的问题与挑战。为支撑和引导地下交通发展，在规划层级与内容方面，应开展支撑地下空间总体规划的地下交通设施发展策略专项研究，并结合国土空间规划体系分级研究地下交通规划的编制与传导。在规划协调与实施方面，应以交通等地下公共设施空间统筹协调为重点，设立地下空间综合管理部门并明确其职责，同时完善地下交通设施专项法规，强化信息化建设，并对已建地下交通项目建立评价与反馈制度，迭代式优化地下交通规划，为地下空间发展规模化、深地化积累实践支撑。     

组团城市快速通道体系研究——以太仓市为例

基于长三角一体化发展背景,以太仓市为例,研究组团城市快速通道分布体系。研究显示与单中心城市相比,“组团式”城市的交通出行特征有显著差异性,主要以组团联系和组团内部交通为主,大流量廊道基本沿着组团OD走向,但又存在中间大量的郊区段并伴随一定的潮汐交通现象。研究表明:组团城市建设快速路是完全可行的,快速路的选线上要兼顾组团联系为主,形态上以服务大客运OD为主。另外快速路的末端可采用快捷路（或主干路）衔接,延伸快速路敷设范围,近期保证设施效益的最大化,远期也可快捷路快速化改造,实现城市快速路网络化布局的可能。     

Education influence in traffic safety: A case study in Vietnam

It is well known that traffic accidents are of high importance to the public health spectrum around the world. Moreover, in developing countries such as Vietnam, the mortality rate from road traffic accidents is rather high in comparison with other Southeast Asian countries. Not only do the majority of the people killed and seriously injured significantly affect the quality of life of the citizens, but traffic accidents also negatively impact a nation's economic and social development. Statistics show that far more people are injured or die in traffic accidents than are afflicted by any of the most serious diseases. The very high occurrence of traffic accidents in Vietnam has become one of the country's major social issues. The importance of human factors in transport policy discussion is growing. There is a realization that policy options that appear beneficial in principle have to be checked for their feasibility of implementation. Understanding and describing driver behavior become a challenge when one tries to identify driver errors in determining accident/conflict causal factors and countermeasures.In recent years, having understood the serious effects of traffic accidents on society at large, scientific researchers, traffic engineers and policy makers in Vietnam have developed many projects and conducted research in the field of traffic safety. The human factor is also considered to be the central element in the whole system. The final goal is to organize a traffic environment that is convenient and safe for road users.This article explains the application of the risk analysis approach in evaluating influences of education and enforcement in traffic safety.     

Education influence in traffic safety: A case study in Vietnam

It is well known that traffic accidents are of high importance to the public health spectrum around the world. Moreover, in developing countries such as Vietnam, the mortality rate from road traffic accidents is rather high in comparison with other Southeast Asian countries. Not only do the majority of the people killed and seriously injured significantly affect the quality of life of the citizens, but traffic accidents also negatively impact a nation's economic and social development. Statistics show that far more people are injured or die in traffic accidents than are afflicted by any of the most serious diseases. The very high occurrence of traffic accidents in Vietnam has become one of the country's major social issues. The importance of human factors in transport policy discussion is growing. There is a realization that policy options that appear beneficial in principle have to be checked for their feasibility of implementation. Understanding and describing driver behavior become a challenge when one tries to identify driver errors in determining accident/conflict causal factors and countermeasures.In recent years, having understood the serious effects of traffic accidents on society at large, scientific researchers, traffic engineers and policy makers in Vietnam have developed many projects and conducted research in the field of traffic safety. The human factor is also considered to be the central element in the whole system. The final goal is to organize a traffic environment that is convenient and safe for road users.This article explains the application of the risk analysis approach in evaluating influences of education and enforcement in traffic safety.     

近期建设的地铁换乘车站及换乘方式研究

针对各大城市日益渐密的轨道交通线网，换乘车站作为连接不同线路的纽扣，起着至关重要的作用，其核心是换乘方式。合理的换乘方式不仅可以提高了人们的日常出行效率，而且在一定程度上可以减少用地、减少建设规模及工程造价。随着城市的需要，政府为加快城市的发展进度，在政策允许的范围内，开始多条线一起上报、审批、建设，致使方案阶段不得不提前考虑近期建设的换乘站该如何设计？根据多年的设计经验，结合各种换乘形式及已运营的实际工程案例，对近期建设的换乘车站进行了较为深入的研究和总结。     

Development of public transport systems in small cities: A roadmap for achieving sustainable development goal indicator 11.2

United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Number 11 aims to promote inclusiveness and sustainable urbanization, such that cities can become productive and accessible places for attracting talent, encouraging innovation, and creating economic growth. SDG Target 11.2 specifically mentions urban transport. Localizing SDG Target 11.2 involves city governments ensuring a public transport (PT) system that has at least two dimensions of accessibility: physical and economic. This translates to ensuring barrier-free physical access to the PT system, as well as affordable fares for using the PT system. This study presents a process for operationalizing the SDG Target 11.2 indicator for small cities in India. The study focuses on addressing physical access to quality public transport system. Presently, the commuters in these cities are dependent on intermediate PT (IPT) systems to meet their mobility needs.Small cities lack a detailed database for planning PT systems. Master plans are generally prepared by planning authorities to guide the future development of cities; however, the master plan documents lack discussion and vision for future mobility, as required by SDG Target 11.2. This study concludes that the current indicator for SDG Target 11.2 requires modification to ensure SDG-compliant PT systems in small cities. An integrated IPT and PT system is required to improve access to high-quality PT systems, in line with SDG Target 11.2.     

Beyond “Peak Car”: A reflection on the evolution of public sentiment about the role of cars in cities

In this volume, Jones has made a persuasive case for considering recently observed reductions in car use (and sometimes car ownership) in a number of major northern cities as part of an evolutionary process, rather than the consequence of transient conditions such as the economic downturn of 2008 and its relatively slow recovery. In an era bringing new service models for mobility and communications that have important implications for safety, security, the environment and well-being, he points to the role of public attitudes and sentiments that may underlie changing policy priorities and an associated culture change with respect to transport in cities and the reclamation of street space. This paper briefly explores the role of public sentiments and reflects on the apparent emergence of a popular subculture that favors living, if possible, without owning or using cars, in contrast to older subcultures embracing more extreme sentiments that are either Car-centered or emphatically anti-car.     

The association between national culture,road safety performance and support for policy measures

There are considerable differences between countries when it comes to road safety performance, as indicated by the number of road fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants. These discrepancies are strongly associated with differences in wealth and prosperity, as expected, but are also related to national culture. The overall objective of this exploratory study is to identify relationships between national culture, road safety performance and public support for policy measures. Using the revised version of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, we show the strong correlation between national culture and road safety performance, which exists even after controlling for the national level of wealth as measured by the gross national income. Furthermore, by combining the national cultural dimensions with data on 29 countries from the second stage of ESRA, the E-Survey of Road users' Attitudes, this study demonstrates that culture also affects the level of public support for policy measures related to road safety. Specifically, for many measures, the degree of individualism accounts for a considerable part of the statistical variation in the public support for policy measures across countries—except for those measures for which the support is very high in most countries. Possible explanations are given for the seemingly paradoxical finding that countries which witness high resistance to road safety policy measures have nevertheless managed to achieve better road safety performance.     

Promoting intermodal freight transport through the development of dry ports in Asia: An environmental perspective

The volume of international trade and freight transport in Asia has witnessed fast growth in recent decades. The resulting environmental impact of freight transport operations has become a major cause of concern. Intermodal transport has gained prominence recently due to its potential to offer door-to-door service through the integration of various modes of transport in the logistics chain, improved coordination and services, and the development of intermodal interfaces. However, few studies have focused on this development in Asia.The development of intermodal transport requires transport links, nodes, and services. The development of dry ports, an important component of intermodal transport, could play a major role in promoting intermodal transport in Asia, including its twelve landlocked countries. Dry ports located in deep inland areas, as opposed to near the sea, would incorporate customs and other related facilities and rail links, as well as provide for transfer, transshipment, and distribution functions for cargo. By encouraging a modal shift, such dry ports would help to ease road traffic congestion and reduce emissions.This study reviews the status of intermodal freight transport in Asia from an environmental perspective. It examines intermodal transport opportunities presented by the development of inland dry ports in hinterland locations. This paper also reviews selected case studies of dry port development in Asia. Finally, we present the lessons to be learned for the promotion of intermodal freight transport from selected Asian countries as well as the policy options available.