Field operational tests of Smartway in Japan

Efforts are underway in Japan to promote “Smartway” next-generation roadways, which provide a variety of services through the use of advanced ITS technologies. In recent years, the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM), part of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), has conducted public-private joint research on next-generation road services using ITS technologies. Field operational tests (FOTs) of services including forward obstacle information provision and merging assistance using 5.8 GHz dedicated short range communication (DSRC) were conducted on the Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway through FY2007. In FY2008-2009, FOTs were conducted in three major metropolitan areas—Tokyo, Nagoya, and Keihanshin (Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe)—to promote future deployment nationwide. These included tests of information provision services to alert drivers to forward obstacles hidden beyond the crest of an incline and prevent excessive speed on sharp curves. This paper presents an overview of these FOTs conducted by NILIM in recent years and their results.     

L’intégration territoriale des gares sur lignes à grande vitesse en France : une approche typologique

Construction of high-speed railway lines (Lignes à Grande Vitesse — LGV in French) in France and in other European countries has brought considerable changes in railway accessibility for the areas linked to this fast transport network. The new stations on the high-speed lines take maximum advantage of such relational gains. However, mass transit access to these stations often constitutes a problem. Their locations, which are frequently exurban, are not determined by considerations involving efficient mass transit service links, and especially railway links. This situation creates difficulties for prior and subsequent passenger travel, and it means that the local players have to develop new access routes of variable quality. The present article puts forward a quality analysis covering territorial integration of high-speed railway stations via typology of the interactions between these new service points and the established stations in central locations. In a context marked by the increasing burdens placed on local authorities regarding financing for new high-speed railway infrastructures, we examine whether these changes in the players’ roles encourage enhanced consideration as to positioning of high-speed railway stations in relation to accessibility criteria for mass transit.     

Development of public transport systems in small cities: A roadmap for achieving sustainable development goal indicator 11.2

United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Number 11 aims to promote inclusiveness and sustainable urbanization, such that cities can become productive and accessible places for attracting talent, encouraging innovation, and creating economic growth. SDG Target 11.2 specifically mentions urban transport. Localizing SDG Target 11.2 involves city governments ensuring a public transport (PT) system that has at least two dimensions of accessibility: physical and economic. This translates to ensuring barrier-free physical access to the PT system, as well as affordable fares for using the PT system. This study presents a process for operationalizing the SDG Target 11.2 indicator for small cities in India. The study focuses on addressing physical access to quality public transport system. Presently, the commuters in these cities are dependent on intermediate PT (IPT) systems to meet their mobility needs.Small cities lack a detailed database for planning PT systems. Master plans are generally prepared by planning authorities to guide the future development of cities; however, the master plan documents lack discussion and vision for future mobility, as required by SDG Target 11.2. This study concludes that the current indicator for SDG Target 11.2 requires modification to ensure SDG-compliant PT systems in small cities. An integrated IPT and PT system is required to improve access to high-quality PT systems, in line with SDG Target 11.2.     

Wheelchair accessibility of urban rail systems: Some preliminary findings of a global overview

Personal mobility is one of the fundamental human rights and it is vital to ensuring a productive and dignified life. It is estimated that there are more than 130 million people worldwide with a physical disability that requires the use of a wheelchair. In this context, public transport plays an important role, as a key element in guaranteeing equity in mobility and access to basic needs such as education, healthcare, employment and leisure. Urban rail systems represent an important medium and high-capacity mode of transport, largely used in daily journeys, especially within larger cities. Given the background, the aim of this article is to investigate wheelchair accessibility in urban rail systems around the world. In order to present this global overview, the official websites of the 212 urban rail systems in operation in 59 countries worldwide were consulted. The systems were classified into 7 different levels of accessibility, according to their percentage of declared adapted stations. The systems were then grouped per country and per United Nations geographical region, to enable an evaluation that takes into consideration different hierarchical perspectives. The results show that Eastern Asia, Western Europe and Northern America are the locations that have the highest number of systems. However, when it comes to accessibility, Northern America still has a very heterogeneous scenario, with a significant number of “Average” systems, while Asia and Europe together have more than half of the systems classified as “Very good” or “Fully accessible”. The presence of urban rail systems and the accessibility of those systems do not follow a strict pattern and some historical events are pointed to in order to try to explain the scenario. The study shows that there is still a long way to go when it comes to the accessibility of wheelchair users around the world and the lack of accessibility is not a problem only in developing countries.     

高等级公路建设如何实现科学发展观贯彻资源节约型和环境友好型思想

从路面使用寿命、已有高等级公路路面维修、材料再生利用的角度阐述了高等级公路建设如何实现科学发展观、贯彻资源节约型和环境友好型思想。通过路面设计理论的典型实例,对"强基、薄面、稳土基"路面设计理论进行了验证,介绍了长寿命沥青路面的2个基本技术要求。从沥青面层和基层材料选择和级配设计、拌和厂设备添置和改造的角度介绍了试验路段采用的创新技术。主要介绍了2005年发明的中断级配新多碎石沥青混凝土SAC,2006年发明的新水泥碎石CBG-25。通过与原生产路段的对比,介绍了长寿命沥青路面的特点及优点,即:初期投资减少;大、中、小修费用减少;使用者费用减少;全寿命周期费用最少。充分验证了用我国沥青路面独特的设计理论"强基、薄面、稳土基"设计出来的路面可以达到长寿命的要求,它的设计与施工符合科学发展观和贯彻"两型"的要求。     

Reconstruction of the Aceh Region following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster: A transportation perspective

Aceh, located in the northernmost area of Sumatra Island, is one of the regions that suffered the most damage from the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. The process of reconstruction after a large-scale disaster is considered an opportunity to create a safer society, especially for developing countries, however the accumulation of knowledge about how to improve reconstruction is insufficient. The affected areas have diverse social and economic characteristics and unprecedented restoration efforts have been made. The Indian Ocean tsunami disaster, therefore, provides numerous research opportunities, and many surveys and other researches have been conducted to better understand what happened and how the reconstruction process could be improved. However, the majority of such research has focused on housing reconstruction, rebuilding livelihoods and community rehabilitation and there has been only limited research on transportation-related issues. Thus, there is significance in evaluating the reconstruction of Aceh from a transportation perspective, a dimension that has yet to be examined systematically. As a first step in the effort to evaluate various aspects of the reconstruction of Aceh from a transportation perspective, this research aims to present three transportation-related issues within the reconstruction process—1) the road network in the Banda Aceh coastal area, 2) mobility in relocation sites, and 3) reconstruction of the Banda Aceh–Meulaboh road—and to conduct a preliminary analysis of these issues by adding the viewpoint of disaster management and reconstruction, the authors' area of specialization. For conducting a preliminary analysis, existing information such as research papers, articles and reports and data collected through interviews and field reconnaissance conducted by the authors were utilized as much as possible, and such “qualitative data” was analyzed by applying the “interpretive approach”, considered an appropriate analytical framework for qualitative data.     

城市轨道交通车站拥挤踩踏事故风险评价

为评价城市轨道交通车站内发生拥挤踩踏事故的风险,对国内典型的城市轨道交通车站拥挤踩踏事故进行统计分析,并运用事故树理论对事故致因进行定性分析和研究。结合事故树分析结果建立城市轨道交通车站拥挤踩踏事故的评价指标体系,运用数据包络法(DEA )建立拥挤踩踏事故的风险评价模型。以北京海淀黄庄地铁站为例进行风险评价模型的应用与分析。结果表明,有75%的评价单元达到了DEA有效的标准,且非DEA有效评价单元的相对安全效率指数均在0.9以上。评价结果与车站实际情况基本相符,验证了评价模型的准确性与实用性。      

Retrospect and prospect of “Traffic Safety Education” in Kagawa Prefecture

The aim of this paper is to explain why we have conducted “Traffic Safety Education” in the Kagawa Prefecture during the past ten years so as to clarify the important factors for preventing painful traffic accidents in advance. To meet this aim, we firstly clarify the reason why we eventually decided to conduct “Traffic Safety Education” in the Kagawa Prefecture. In other words, the organization of powerful actors and/or leaders to cope with traffic accidents plays a very important role in “Traffic Safety Education.” Then, we specifically describe the essential parts of our “Traffic Safety Education”. In this respect, we have decided to select the following two aims: to reduce the number of traffic accidents, and to improve traffic manners, respectively. Thirdly, we evaluate various measures, such as teaching materials, teaching methods, and other activities of our “Traffic Safety Education” in detail. Lastly, we summarize the remaining tasks, which have been revealed so far, together with some concluding remarks.     

复杂环境下非典型地铁车站建筑设计分析

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展及地下空间的开发利用,人们对地铁车站建筑形式的多样化提出了更多新要求。为实现周边环境复杂时地铁车站的建筑功能,地铁建设过程中一些非典型车站建筑形式逐渐形成。[JP2]通过列举国内已建及在建的非典型地铁车站,从站址环境、控制因素、功能需求和风险控制等方面进行分析归纳,总结非典型车站建筑设计原则,并以目前比较有代表性的青岛江苏路站、南宁青秀山站为例详细分析,总结其设计思路的异同点,得出非典型车站设计特点及风险控制要点,从而提高工程可行性。     

我国大城市交通“U&B”模式研究

城市轨道交通虽有诸多优点,但其可达性差。而自行车交通灵活、可达性强,两者如果能有效地衔接则非常符合我国资源节约型、环境友好型的交通发展战略。基于多式联运理念,提出城市轨道交通(Urban Rail Transit)+自行车交通(B icycle Traffic)模式(简称U&B模式),引入SWOT分析法系统分析发展中国特色U&B模式的优势、劣势、机会和威胁,并提出相关策略改善其劣势和威胁因素。对于促进我国自行车交通与城市轨道交通实现无缝衔接具有很好的参考价值。     

地铁地下线线路纵断面辅助设计系统研究

地铁地下线一般情况设置排水泵站，线路纵断面设计需要准确定位最低点位置和高程。为此，研究了纵断面辅助设计系统，使该系统能实现自动计算和区间左、右线凹形断面交互设计，高效、快捷地实现设计意图，弥补了现有线路专业设计软件的不足，对提高设计工作的自动化程度和提升设计方案精度具有显著效果。     

The Added Value of Accounting For Users’ Flexibility and Information on the Potential of a Station-Based One-Way Car-Sharing System: An Application in Lisbon,Portugal

Car-sharing systems are an alternative to private transportation whereby a person may use an automobile without having to own the vehicle. The classical systems in Europe are organized in stations scattered around the city where a person may pick up a vehicle and afterward return it to the same station (round trip). Allowing a person to drop off the vehicle at any station, called one-way system, poses a significant logistics problem because it creates a significant stock imbalance at the stations, which means that there will be times when users will not have a vehicle available for their trip. Previous mathematical programming formulations have tried to overcome this limitation by optimizing trip selection and station location in a city in order to capture the best trips for balancing the system. But there was one main limitation: The users were assumed to be inflexible with respect to their choice of a station, and held to use only the one closest to their origin and destination. If the user is willing to use the second or even the third closest station the user could benefit from using real-time information on vehicle stocks at each station and be able to select the one with available capacity. In this article we extend a previous model for trip selection and station location that takes that aspect into account by considering more vehicle pick-up and drop-off station options and then apply it to a trip origin–destination matrix from the Lisbon region in Portugal. Through the extended formulation we were able to conclude that user flexibility allied with having information on vehicle stocks increases the profit of the company, as people will go directly to a station with a vehicle available, thus making the use of the fleet more efficient. Observing the size of the stations resulting from the model, we also concluded that the effect of information is enhanced by large car-sharing systems consisting of many small stations.     

Shared public transport within a physical internet framework: Reviews,conceptualization and expected challenges under COVID-19 pandemic

Traffic congestion, dominated by private mobility, reveals not only negative impacts on road safety and the environment, but also on community cohesion. With the global COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2COVID-19 (COVID-19) epidemic, there is an urgent need for social isolation and the use of individual private transport as per the approved health guidelines. Urban transport, especially public transportation (PT), is among the primary sectors affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, novel alternatives for competitive PT services still have to be provided to remain meeting the socio-economic and ecological PT challenges. In this respect, sharing PT vehicles carrying passengers (shared freight-PT) could exploit a significant residual capacity as absorptive capacity is actually reduced. However, such use is based on a large-scale mutualization. The idea of integrating freight in passenger transit networks could be efficient within a Physical Internet (PI or π) framework for improving system monitoring, operational performance and, user comfort. This paper explores the major trends in the theory and practice of shared transport systems, in terms of passengers and freight, and suggests a PI conceptual framework to check if we could promote such logistics. In exploring the PI approach, a number of proposals appear providing answers and advance researches towards shared freight-PT.     

地铁车站施工对运营中地铁车站的保护施工浅谈

该文介绍了地铁车站施工对运营中地铁车站保护的施工措施,并通过工程实例,阐述了该工艺的施工方法及所取得的成果。     

我国大城市交通“U＆amp;B”模式研究

城市轨道交通虽有诸多优点,但其可达性差。而自行车交通灵活、可达性强,两者如果能有效地衔接则非常符合我国资源节约型、环境友好型的交通发展战略。基于多式联运理念,提出＂城市轨道交通（Urban Rail Transit）＋自行车交通（B icycle Traffic）＂模式（简称＂U＆amp;B＂模式）,引入SWOT分析法系统分析发展中国特色＂U＆amp;B＂模式的优势、劣势、机会和威胁,并提出相关策略改善其劣势和威胁因素。对于促进我国自行车交通与城市轨道交通实现＂无缝衔接＂具有很好的参考价值。     

智能型手机应用程序对运具选择行为之影响

因应资通信技术发展,智能型手持设备逐渐普遍,应用程序蓬勃发展改变人类传统行为模式甚巨.其中,运输相关之应用程序多样化发展,功能包含地理信息系统的应用、交通信息的提供、车辆派遣的预约、交通票证的订定、观光游程的设计等.依据台北市交通局统计2013年民众透过智能型手机应用程序查询次数,每月已高达6 000万次以上,实有必要针对运输类应用程序所衍生之效果进行探究.论文主要研讨智能型手机应用程序所提供的交通运输信息对用户旅运行为之运具选择影响,透过问卷调查,进行个体运具选择模式之构建,以分析台北市旅运者在受智能型手机应用程序提供的实时交通信息对于运具选择行为转变之影响,期能了解ITS结合智能型手机应用程序的交通信息服务对于提高公共运输便利性之效益.      

小半径曲线管幕修建暗挖地铁车站技术研究

为研究曲线管幕施工暗挖地铁车站的关键技术，采用理论计算、数值模拟和现场试验的方法，从设计和施工2方面进行研究，给出曲线管幕施工过程中顶推力的计算公式，计算得出曲线管幕设备所需顶推力范围； 提出曲线顶管姿态与轴线控制措施； 得到曲线管幕施工地铁车站对周围地层的影响规律； 对曲线管幕的始发装置、导向装置及顶推力计算的合理性和适用性进行论证。     

Analyzing travelers' attitude towards ride-hailing services in developing countries: Case of Lahore,Pakistan

Ride-hailing services are gaining momentum to meet the urban travel demand in the absence of proper public transport in developing countries. To the best of our knowledge, research on passenger's behavior and attitude towards the service quality of ride-hailing services and certainly studies focusing on developing countries are quite rare. Ride-hailing services were launched to meet the travel demand of residents throughout the city of Lahore, Pakistan in 2015. A revealed preferences study of 865 respondents consisting their demographic, travel information and perceptions related to selected attributes of service quality was carried out to examine their attitude and behavior towards the use of ride-hailing services in Lahore, Pakistan.Most of the users of these services are young, well-educated and have relatively high income. The travelers who were using Rickshaw services before are found to be the frequent users of these services and ride-hailing services have started replacing respondents' previous modes of travel. Exploratory factor analysis were employed on collected data to identify the factors effecting the traveler's perceptions regarding the use of ride-hailing services and structural model of users' satisfaction were constructed based on these factors later.The results exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that significant determinants of passenger's satisfaction with ride-hailing services are coverage and accessibility attributes (CAA), instrumental attributes (IA), service attraction attributes (SAA) and safety attributes (SA). The number of trips, trip purpose, income, education, time since the use of these services, profession and household size are also significant parameters in the determination of traveler's behavior and attitude towards the use of ride-hailing services in Lahore city. The commuter's overall satisfaction with service quality of app-based services have positive association with travelers intentions to continue use of app-based services and their believe that these services have filled the gap of public transport in the city and replacing previous modes of travel. The further improvements in attributes will enhance the traveler's satisfaction with these services. Insight into the attitude and perceptions of travelers would be useful for the transport planners, ride-hailing companies and policy makers for making appropriate improvements in the services and giving them space in existing transport system.     

浅论轨道交通(地铁隧道、立交地道)雨水排水泵站

随着城市内地铁隧道及立交地道的增多,与之配套的排水泵站的设计与建设也越来越多地出现在市政建设中。该文结合实际工程经验,对地铁隧道及立交地道雨水泵站的布置方式、流量设计、设备选型及泵站消防等作了一些论述,建议在设计此类泵站时应当根据实际情况合理选择泵站的布置形式及其设备。     

L’exploitation des données de cartes à puce à des fins de planification des transports collectifs urbains

Smart card fare collection systems are widely used nowadays in urban public transport networks. These systems are bound to facilitate the collection and management of revenues in transit authorities. However, since smart card systems collect a large amount of data on a daily basis, they can be exploited to better characterize the demand and supply of public transport in subways, tramways and bus networks, while data at an individual level should remain strictly confidential. The spatial and temporal dimensions of the data make it very interesting for planning purposes, but the data must first be validated and completed before further analysis. This article presents the results of five years of research conducted in collaboration with theSociété de transport de l??Outaouais, in Quebec. The following analyses are presented: error processing, estimation of alighting points, diffusion of operational statistics, analysis of user behaviour, analysis of network performance, comparison with household survey data and user loyalty modelling.