推敲中国廉价航空

廉价航空效应 所谓廉价航空,机票价格便宜是它突出的标志.但这不是简单地通过机票打折或盲目压低价格来实现的,而是航空公司在各个环节上大幅度地降低成本,并通过企业团队精神获取低廉价格.围绕着降低成本而形成的航空公司的市场定位、发展战略、一整套经营策略、用人机制、企业管理机制、企业文化等等,构成了现在的"廉价航空模式".它产生了轰动世界的效应.     

中国客车:喜过友谊桥,策马越南路--写在中越国际道路运输线路开通之后

2005年4月26日,"中国广西南宁、北海一越南广宁下龙湾"国际道路运输线路正式开通,新国线、广西超大、广西运德等国内运输企业的豪华大巴搭载着中越双方代表团顺利完成了此次跨越友谊大桥的历史之旅.     

中国索道建设的现状与发展趋势

本较全面地论述了客运索道在山岳型风景旅游区的作用,在景区建设新索道应注意的几个问题及索道在中国发展的趋势和特点。章着重指出：大运量客运索道对中国目前来说不是当务之急,重点是发展那些投资少、建设快、运量适中的单线循环固定吊椅(吊篮)式或脉动式索道,单线循环脱挂式索道也有广阔的发展前景。     

Cybertran: A systems analysis solution to the high cost and low passenger appeal of conventional rail transportation systems

A new transportation system is described. CyberTran is a steel wheel on rail system designed to travel on elevated guideways, utilizing large numbers of 6 to 20 passenger automated vehicles weighing less than 10,000 pounds. The benefits from these light weight vehicles include dramatically reduced system cost and increased passenger appeal. The system described has been prototyped and tested at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, a U. S. Department of Energy Research and Development Laboratory.     

VMT, energy consumption, and GHG emissions forecasting for passenger transportation

Globalization, greenhouse gas emissions and energy concerns, emerging vehicle technologies, and improved statistical modeling capabilities make the present moment an opportune time to revisit aggregate vehicle miles traveled (VMT), energy consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions forecasting for passenger transportation. Using panel data for the 48 continental states during the period 1998-2008, the authors develop simultaneous equation models for predicting VMT on different road functional classes and examine how different technological solutions and changes in fuel prices can affect passenger VMT. Moreover, a random coefficient panel data model is developed to estimate the influence of various factors (such as demographics, socioeconomic variables, fuel tax, and capacity) on the total amount of passenger VMT in the United States. To assess the influence of each significant factor on VMT, elasticities are estimated. Further, the authors investigate the effect of different policies governing fuel tax and population density on future energy consumption and GHG emissions. The presented methodology and estimation results can assist transportation planners and policy-makers in determining future energy and transportation infrastructure investment needs.     

Managing passenger behavioral intention: an integrated framework for service quality,satisfaction, perceived value,and switching barriers

This paper seeks to improve our understanding of passengers’ behavioral intention by proposing an integrated framework from the attitudinal perspective. According to the literature in marketing research, we establish a causal relationship model that considers “service quality-satisfaction-behavioral intentions” paradigm, perceived value theory, and switching barrier theory. Exploring passengers’ behavioral intention from satisfaction and perceived value help to understand how passengers are attracted by the company, while switching barriers assist in realizing how passengers are “locked” into a relationship with the current company. Furthermore, in order to capture the nature of service quality, we adopt a hierarchical factor structure which serves service quality as the higher-order factor. In this study, coach industry is selected as our research subject. The empirical results, as hypothesized, show that all causal relationships are statistically significant, and perceived value us the most important predictor of satisfaction and passengers’ behavioral intention. In conclusion, the managerial implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Low carbon urban transport scenarios for China and India: A comparative assessment

This paper assesses comparable urban transport scenarios for China and India. The assessment methodology uses AIM/End-use model with a detailed characterization of technologies to analyze two scenarios for India and China till the year 2050. The first scenario assumes continuation and enhancement, in both countries, of policies under a typical business-as-usual dynamics, like constructing metros, implementing national fuel economy standards, promoting alternate fuel vehicles and implementing national air quality standards. The alternative, low carbon scenario assumes application, in both countries, of globally envisaged measures like fuel economy standards as well as imposition of carbon price derived from a global integrated assessment modeling exercise aiming to achieve global 2 °C temperature stabilization target. The modeling results for both countries show that decarbonizing transport sector shall need a wide array of measures including fuel economy, low carbon fuel mix including low carbon electricity supply. The comparison of China and India results provides important insights and lessons from their similarities and differences in the choice of urban transport options. India can benefit from China’s experiences as it lags China in urbanization and income. Modeling assessments show that both nations can contribute to, as well as benefit by aligning their transport plans with global climate stabilization regime.     

Voluntary CO2 emissions reduction scheme: Analysis of airline voluntary plan in Japan

This paper discusses voluntary CO₂ emissions reduction schemes and, in particular focuses on the voluntary plan by the Japanese airline industry. Econometric analysis identifies statistically significant improvement of 3–4% in CO₂ emissions intensity (CO₂/RPK) subsequent to initiation of the voluntary plan in 1998.     

Exposure to noise inside transit buses in Kuwait: Measurements and passenger attitudes

Noise levels were measured, for the first time, inside 115 randomly selected transit buses, operating on 12 sample representative routes in Metropolitan Kuwait. Simultaneously with the monitoring of noise levels, the attitudes of 679 riders concerning the annoyance and long-term health impacts of noise were also surveyed. The noise and passenger attitude data were collected over 10 months (March - December 2000). The percentile distribution, equivalent noise level, traffic noise index and noise pollution levels inside four types of transit buses are presented. Riders' perceived annoyance and awareness of the long-term health impacts of noise were also determined and are discussed. The level of service and performance deficiencies of the public transit system in Kuwait, as perceived by its passengers, are also identified. A number of recommendations end the paper.     

地客委换届

经过本次会议,我们的会员又增加了13家不同所有制的企业,现在共有133家.我们将一如既往,欢迎物流,旅游及不同所有制的企业成为会员,加强运输企业及相关行业之间的横向联系.促进企业之间的合作.     

旅游客运集散之缘

旅游集散中心一般都号称"班次频、线路广、景点多、购票便、车况好、服务优、价格惠",是一种服务于散客自助旅游的新的旅游运营模式,该模式是在与传统的旅行社组团模式的竞争中形成的,形成标志是上海市第一家旅游集散中心的投入使用.上海旅游集散中心取得成功后,一股旅游集散中心建设热潮陆续在各地掀起.     

Energy use in passenger transport in OECD countries: Changes since 1970

This paper analyzes some of the changes that took place in the structure of energy use for passenger travel in industrialized countries. Data is presented on energy use and travel activity for the four major modes of travel — automobile, bus, rail and air — for eight OECD countries: the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and Norway. We use the Laspeyres and Divisia indices to analyze the causes of the change in energy use between 1970 and 1987. The total change in energy use for travel is explained by changes in domestic passenger transport volumes, the mix of modes of travel, and the energy intensities of each mode. We have found two important effects that have a fundamental impact on energy use for travel since 1970. First, shifts among modes of transport towards more energy-intensive ones and large increases in volumes of travel (measured in passenger-kilometers) increased energy use for travel in many OECD countries, often more rapidly than the overall growth in GDP. Second, energy intensities, measured in mJ/passenger-kilometer, of passenger transport fell only in a few countries between 1970 and 1987. Even though individual automobiles have become more energy-efficient, greater size, power, and weight, worsening traffic conditions in Japan and Europe, and fewer people in cars restrained or even offset efficiency improvements. Particularly notable are the increases in intensities in Japan and Germany. The most important exception to this trend was the United States, but the intensities of land-based travel remain higher there than in most other countries. These findings lead to a pessimistic outlook for future energy use for travel. After all, if little or no energy was saved during the decades of high fuel prices, what can be expected in the 1990s?     

联网售票公路客运的光荣与梦想

北京市区共有11家长途客运站,在2004年12月之前,互相之间的发车信息沟通缺乏渠道,互相之间不能实现互售.出行者购票,并不知道各站的具体班次,也不知道去哪个站可以买到,加之公路客运的特点是一段时期内变化较大,班次和发班时间往往根据季节和客流量多有调整,出行人更是难以把握.     

Assessment of product debundling trends in the US airline industry: Customer service and public policy implications

This paper reviews product debundling trends that have occurred in the US airline industry. Multiple sources of ancillary fees related to ticketing refunds and exchanges, checked baggage, on-board pets, preferred and/or advanced seating assignments, frequent flyer ticket redemptions, and day of departure standby policies are reviewed. Despite the fact that both low cost and network carriers stress the importance of future ancillary fees in their investor reports, our assessment suggests that these fees will be more broadly adopted by low cost carriers. We anticipate that many network carriers will eliminate ancillary fees, particularly as they begin to recognize how these fees can impact other system performance objectives such as minimizing the number of misconnecting passengers. We estimate that the debundling phenomenon has diluted revenues to the US Airport and Airways Trust Fund by at least 5%.     

Integrating formal and informal transit into one hybrid passenger transport system in Lagos,Nigeria

Transportation - Informal minibus services dominate public transportation in Lagos, Nigeria. Local, state, and federal government entities in Nigeria have historically only been able to provide...     

The planning of aircraft routes and flight frequencies in an airline network operations

This research is aimed at developing a model that maximizes system profit when determining the aircraft routes and flight frequencies in a network. The model employs network flow techniques to effectively collect or deliver passenger flows from all origins to all destinations using non‐stop and multi‐stop flights in multi‐fleet operations. The model was formulated as a multi‐commodity network flow problem. A Lagrangian‐based algorithm was developed to solve the problem. To test the model in practice, a case study is presented.     

Conservation of energy in the urban passenger sector: A general principle and some proposals

We are faced by a large number of competing proposals for energy conservation, and this paper proposes a straightforward principle for choosing among them: “The Law of Large Proportions.” The Law is a simple one—The Biggest Components Matter Most—but it has been largely ignored by much of the government-formulated energy policy so far.The paper applies the Law to the urban transportation sector, and concludes that the major hope for conserving transportation energy is to drop our preoccupation with public transit and, instead, to concentrate on the goal of “civilizing” the automobile. The paper, then, proposes three ideas that might accomplish this: two different ways of promoting the sale of fuel-efficient vehicles, and one way of improving the efficiency of the existing vehicle fleet.     

Double parking in New York city: a comparison between commercial vehicles and passenger vehicles

Transportation - Commercial vehicles are more likely to park close to their destinations than passenger vehicles even though sometimes parking violations are inevitable for their freight or service...