在港口国监督检查中提高涉及人为因素的监督检查

为提高港口国监督检查中对人为错误引起的缺陷的重视,通过对人为错误与港口国监督检查关系的分析,提出了在港口国监督检查中实施针对人为错误引起的缺陷的检查方法,以期通过港口国监督的手段来减少由于人为错误引起的海上安全事故的发生,同时保证海上船舶航行安全。     

船舶机损事故中人为失误的实证研究

根据近几年收集的浙江省主要航运公司发生的244起重大机损案例,从损伤部件、故障类型、发生时间、事故原因4个方面进行统计分析,揭示出导致船舶机损事故的主要原因是人为失误,对如何防止船舶机损事故中的人为失误提出建议。     

Analytical investigation of marine casualties at the Strait of Istanbul with SWOT–AHP method

The Strait of Istanbul is one of the most dangerous and busiest sea passages, according to its narrowness, sharp turns, currents, heavy traffic and many other important factors. Despite the latest precautions, marine incidents still occur, especially in narrow seaways. This study shows that a management tool that is specifically applied for reducing marine casualties and consequently enhancement of safety and ship management performance can be used to prevent accidents and casualties in maritime transportation. In this study, factors which affect marine casualties examined and determined with SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis method and weighting of the factors determined by using the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method. With this approach, strategic action plans were developed for minimizing shipping casualties at the Strait of Istanbul, taking into account the weighting factors and previously happened accidents.     

疲劳——海难事故的重要致因

航行安全需要建立安全文化,疲劳是造成人为失误的主导因素已经得到公认。本文阐述了疲劳的定义、成因及其副作用,对STCW 95公约中关于防止疲劳的要求进行了介绍,最后,提出了一种“6+2”式的解决办法。     

Maritime safety and the ISM code: a study of investigated casualties and incidents

In 1993, the International Maritime Organization adopted the International Safety Management (ISM) Code which requires all shipping companies operating certain types of vessels to establish safety management systems. Nevertheless, two decades later, maritime safety remains a concern. This article studies 94 maritime cases investigated by the Maritime Accident Investigation Branch in the UK. By providing an analysis of reported casualties and incidents, it highlights current challenges in maritime safety. For each casualty and incident, the study reviews the underlying causal factors. These causal factors are then coded according to the functional sections of the ISM Code, covering various aspects of safety management. To investigate human and organizational factors involved in the casualties and incidents, the human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) is applied to code the same data. Finally, the relative seriousness of casualties and incidents is considered to discuss the findings from ISM Code and HFACS reviews. The study found that the main challenges pertain to the development of plans for shipboard operations, local shipboard management, and the ability of the company to verify when such practices deviate from best practices or required standards.     

综合安全评价在船舶动力装置中的应用

综合安全评价（FSA）是一种在工程技术与工程运行管理中用于制定合理可行的规则和提供风险控制的综合性、结构化和系统性的分析方法，将FSA引入到船舶动力装置的安全评价中，是对船舶安全评价的一次尝试，按照综合安全评价的五个步骤对影响船舶动力装置安全的因素进行了分析评价。具体应用时，使用故障树分析法以拉缸故障为实例做了定性和定量分析，根据评价结果提出了相应的安全管理措施，为船舶轮机人员及管理人员提供参考。     

Safety in Greek coastal shipping: The role and risk of human factor revisited

The comprehensive analysis presented in this paper investigates the links and comparative assets between human factor and other factors that are important determinants of maritime transport risk. In this outline, the identification of factors, such as age and ship size, that can be statistically linked (i.e. statistical significance) to whether an accident in a passenger vessel can be attributed to human factor or other causes is addressed accordingly. This way, the role of human factor in relation to safety of Greek coastal shipping is revealed and the spotlight is able to focus on the various aspects and points that manifest the importance of human element in the maritime industry. The risk assessment of the transportation with Greek passenger ships is being used in order for the safety level of Greek coastal shipping to be adequately estimated. Moreover, the comparison between the values of risk for accidents caused by human factor and those attributed to other causes is an established way to bring to the fore the unbroken relationship between the human factor and marine accidents’ consequences. The paper is concluded with interesting insights and comments drafted through the aforementioned tasks.     

我国北极通航瓶颈问题分析

随着全球气温变暖趋势的显现,北极通航问题日益受到各方面的关注但是要实施北极通航,必须对可能面,临的困难和问题有清楚的认识文中从法律法规、环境保护、船舶和航行奈件,以及船员培训和认证等方面,对中国实施北极通航可能存在的一些瓶颈问题作了初步分析,可为从事北极通航问题研究人员提供参考     

船舶载运易流态化货物的风险和对策

近年来,国内市场对精选矿粉的需求居高不下.然而个别航运公司对船舶载运此类货物缺乏应有的指导和监控,船舶管理人员缺乏足够的经验,操作不当,防范和补救措施不力,造成船毁人亡的恶性事故频发.为有效避免此类事故重演,同时为船舶载运精选矿粉提供有力的操作指导,以近期发生的几起事故为例,对船舶载运精选矿粉易发生事故的原因及其危害、预防措施、注意事项及补救措施等作了详细介绍.     

集装箱海运危险货物瞒报谎报的治理

集装箱海运危险货物瞒报、谎报行为对海上运输、人命财产和海洋环境构成严重威胁。海事部门作为海上交通安全管理的主管机关,要充分认识集装箱海运危险货物瞒报、谎报的危害性,在认真分析其产生原因的基础上,有针对性地采取治理措施。     

Impact of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits on the employment of Taiwanese ship officers

Nowhere else in the world are there marine transportations highly confined than across the Taiwan Straits (mainland China and Taiwan). This study strives to explore the present employment status of Taiwanese ship officers under the influence of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits, and to make sure if such an employment trend has a negative impact on the future operating mode of Taiwan shipping companies. By means of field interview and questionnaire, this study collected the employment data of ship officers from 21 leading shipping companies in Taiwan, and made a statistical analysis. The research findings show that the existing cross-strait shipping relationship, which is seriously distorted by the hostility between the governments of Taiwan and mainland China across the Taiwan Straits, has made Taiwanese shipping companies turn to flagging-out in order to enter the extensive shipping market of mainland China. This leads to a decline of job opportunities for Taiwanese ship officers. Ironically, the ship officers from mainland China pose a biggest threat to those in Taiwan in this respect. In addition, the operating modes of Taiwanese shipping companies also change gradually in tune with the increasing number of non-Taiwanese ship officers (mainly those from mainland China).     

Impact of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits on the employment of Taiwanese ship officers

Nowhere else in the world are there marine transportations highly confined than across the Taiwan Straits (mainland China and Taiwan). This study strives to explore the present employment status of Taiwanese ship officers under the influence of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits, and to make sure if such an employment trend has a negative impact on the future operating mode of Taiwan shipping companies. By means of field interview and questionnaire, this study collected the employment data of ship officers from 21 leading shipping companies in Taiwan, and made a statistical analysis. The research findings show that the existing cross-strait shipping relationship, which is seriously distorted by the hostility between the governments of Taiwan and mainland China across the Taiwan Straits, has made Taiwanese shipping companies turn to flagging-out in order to enter the extensive shipping market of mainland China. This leads to a decline of job opportunities for Taiwanese ship officers. Ironically, the ship officers from mainland China pose a biggest threat to those in Taiwan in this respect. In addition, the operating modes of Taiwanese shipping companies also change gradually in tune with the increasing number of non-Taiwanese ship officers (mainly those from mainland China).     

谈船舶污染清除协议管理制度的后续完善

文中就船舶污染清除协议管理制度实施后,船舶污染清除单位、船舶、船公司及船舶代理人等相关方的后续要求进行了分析阐述,并结合当前船舶污染清除协议管理制度实施现状进行了细致的研究总结,可为完善船舶污染清除协议制度提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

英国水上行政强制立法及其对我国的借鉴

随着国际贸易和航运业的发展,船舶发生重特大水上险情和事故的风险在不断增大。一些重特大事故对海上人命财产安全、海洋环境、通航安全、港口生产等公共利益构成严重威胁。政府主管部门为避免或减少对公共利益的损害,有责任对这些事故的处置进行干预,在紧急情况下还应采取必要的强制措施。然而,目前我国水上应急处置方面的法律法规还很不完善,主管部门难以依法实施干预和处置行动。文中通过介绍英国水上行政强制相关立法情况,旨在对加强我国水上应急处置行政强制方面的立法能够起到一定的借鉴作用。     

探讨VTS在水上危险货物运输监管中的作用

随着现代石油化工业和现代航运业的快速发展．由水路运输的危险货物的数量和品种越来越多，水路运输在给危险货物运输带来便捷的同时，也给水域环境带来了严重的威胁．文章从预防船舶交通事故和控制船舶污染的角度、对VTS在危险货物运输监管中可以发挥的作用进行探讨。     

非体系航运企业标准化安全制度建设的几点思考

文中针对目前我国非体系航运企业和船舶的基本状况找出了在安全生产过程中存在的主要问题,认为建立健全非体系航运企业安全制度是提高管理水平的关键,运用安全管理体系理念建设非体系航运企业是解决安全生产问题的突破点。     

Maritime piracy in the Indo-Pacific region – ship vulnerability issues

This paper describes the current situation with piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly off the Horn of Africa and in Southeast Asia. This situation may be aggravated due to the downturn in international shipping following the global financial crisis. This has led to surplus shipping capacity, crews paid off, lower profits, and ship owners seeking to cut costs. Many ships are laid up in anchorages prone to sea robbery, and there is a risk that ships might be less well maintained and operated. This paper also explains how some ships are more vulnerable to attack than others. Sub-standard ships are more likely to be successfully attacked than quality vessels. Issues are identified that might be addressed by the shipping industry and ship owners, as well as by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). In addition to being a victim of piracy, the shipping industry could be adding to the problem by laying up ships in vulnerable areas, reducing wages and sizes of crew and employing sub-standard ships. This situation could be symptomatic of wider problems in international shipping that throw doubt on the effectiveness of current regimes for ship safety, security and marine environmental protection.     

惠州港水域船舶溢油污染预防的研究

惠州港为珠三角地区重要船载化学危险品港口,面临着严峻的船舶溢油和化学品泄漏污染的威胁,加强惠州港危管防污能力建设,消除安全隐患,杜绝船舶溢油事故发生显得尤为重要。文中着重针对惠州港水域船舶溢油风险与污染防控展开分析论述,并提出相关建议。     

Shipping and investment incentives: a trilogy Part 3. The effectiveness of investment incentives for shipping—the UK experience 1950-1987

This paper concentrates on the determinants of investment and examines both theoretical and empirical work on the investment function. The major determinants are considered and a case study of the United Kingdom shipping industry in the period 1963-1987 is undertaken. The analysis is unable to find any real link between the value of the investment incentives packages available to the UK shipping industry and the size of the UK fleet during this period. The conclusion follows that while financial factors (e.g. favourable credit arrangements) or individual components (e.g. investment grants) of fiscal packages may influence the decision to invest, the total package has not affected the level of shipping investment in the manner expected.     

The perception and image of shipping

The image of the shipping industry plays a vital role in developing maritime transport as a major future, sustainable transport alternative. In particular, it is crucial to understand the image the shipping industry has among young people and the anatomy of the concept in order to be able to effectively promote careers in shipping, to cultivate shipping as an attractive labour market and to develop attractive educational programmes. The focus of this paper is the image of the shipping industry. This study reports on the findings of a large-scale survey of the image of shipping- and image-related concepts among upper secondary school pupils in Sweden, Norway and Greece. We define and analyse empirically by means of multivariate statistical analysis the anatomy of the image concept. We identify various image dimensions, estimate how young people rate the shipping industry along these dimensions and estimate their relative importance to young people who are planning their future careers. The results from this study can be used as a base for describing and explaining the images that young people have of the shipping industry. Such knowledge is fundamental for deriving and developing constructive strategies to promote careers in shipping, to adapt shipping to the expectations of young people and to develop creative and relevant educational programmes. Finally, understanding the image of shipping among young people is important not only for the shipping industry, but for other stakeholders as well, such as ship-owners associations, trade associations, labour unions, transport authorities and administrations and policy makers at the national and supra-national level.