基于组合优化算法的混合动力客车控制策略优化

结合模拟退火算法全局优化能力强和非线性二次规划算法能够快速寻优的特点,使用Isight优化软件将二者建立组合优化算法对建立的功率解析控制策略进行全局优化。优化结果表明,所提出的组合优化算法避免了模拟退火算法局部优化不强的缺点,提高了优化质量和计算效率;在保证整车动力性的前提下,使整车综合油耗下降了12%。     

基于混合进化算法的甩挂配送问题

甩挂配送问题考虑甩挂运输的交通限制,将客户区分为是否为单箱卡车客户,建立单箱卡车配送和双箱甩挂车配送的混合线路,是带有子回路的新型路径优化问题.采用2-opt局部优化算法对线路进行了优化.然后,建立了0/1整数规划模型,对线路进行了分段,以最小化子回路新增成本为目标优化子回路组合.在此基础上建立了混合进化算法,搜索最优混合线路.通过算例研究演示了甩挂配送问题的新特征,通过仿真分析了子回路组合优化模型的性能,以及算法在集成2-opt与否时适应度的演化,结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

PHEV复合储能系统设计及基于MODA的参数优化

为了提高插电式混合动力汽车的燃油经济性、降低污染物的排放,并解决插电式混合动力汽车单一动力电池低比功率、无法响应暂态功率需求的问题,设计蓄电池和超级电容并联的复合储能系统,采用带有滑动窗口的实时小波功率分配策略,并对滑动窗口长度进行选择。该功率分配策略将复合储能系统的需求功率分解成高频和低频两部分,超级电容接收高频分量,蓄电池接收低频分量,避免了高频分量对于蓄电池的冲击,提高了蓄电池的耐久性和可靠性。制定基于规则的控制策略,以整车燃油消耗量和污染物排放量为优化目标,利用多目标蜻蜓算法对相关控制参数进行优化。基于ADVISOR搭建含有复合储能系统的插电式混合动力汽车整车仿真模型,采用新欧洲行驶循环工况进行测试,并通过与带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法进行对比,验证算法的有效性。研究结果表明：利用多目标蜻蜓算法优化后的车辆百公里燃油消耗平均降低了12.71%,污染物综合排放性能平均下降了10.05%;相对于优化前,发动机输出功率减少,电机输出功率增加,发动机和电机的工作效率均得到了显著提升;Pareto最优解的收敛性和覆盖范围优于带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法,同时得到的多组Pareto最优解为整车设计和优化提供了更多选择。     

电动废气门电机温度模型及其过热保护研究

电动废气门执行电机性能直接决定废气门的控制精度和响应速度,而温度是影响电机输出力矩和寿命的关键因素。对永磁直流电机的发热-散热机理进行分析,建立了基于功率算法的电机温度模型,通过试验对电机参数进行了辨识及模型验证。在此基础上,设计了根据电机温度限制电机占空比的实时过热保护控制算法,试验结果表明,该控制算法可以有效预防电机温度过高。     

机电复合传动最优功率分配策略研究

根据机电复合传动中功率耦合机构和功率分配单元的分汇流特性,列出了机械功率平衡方程和电力功率平衡方程。基于最优功率分配策略,建立了多目标优化模型,并提出了动态规划与动态预测相结合的求解算法。根据综合行驶工况和随机用电工况,得到了发动机和多个电机的最优控制轨线。仿真结果验证了所采用的最优功率分配策略的可行性,为实时功率分配策略的制定和优化提供了依据。     

双模式机电复合无级传动功率流综合效率的优化

提出了综合考虑发动机、多个电机、功率耦合机构和电池组等功率损失的综合效率定义方法,分别建立了行星耦合机构、发动机、电机和电池组的效率模型。再以提高能量传递效率为目标为双模式机电复合无级传动系统建立了功率流综合效率优化模型,并进行优化。将优化结果写入综合控制器中进行硬件在环仿真。结果表明,功率流综合效率优化方法可根据综合效率最优协调发动机和多电机的工作点,与基于发动机最优工作区域的传统的功率流优化方法相比,能进一步提高系统的燃油经济性和传动效率。本研究为开发综合控制策略和控制系统提供了理论基础。     

基于增益功率燃油系数的HEV能量管理策略

为了优化等效燃油最小能量管理策略的节油效果，以适用于工程批量应用为导向，制定基于增益功率燃油系数的混合动力汽车(HEV)能量管理策略。基于瞬时优化原理，提出基于增益功率燃油系数的工作模式决策机制，根据电机发电或电动引起的发动机功率与燃油消耗率的变化关系，分别给出电机充电和放电模式下增益功率燃油系数的计算方法。考虑发动机扭矩瞬态快速变化对油耗的影响和电机及电池包充放电效率特性，提出发动机高效区域扭矩滞回控制方法，建立基于增益功率燃油系数的能量管理策略算法架构。基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建控制策略软件模型，通过转鼓试验台进行实车试验验证。研究结果表明：相对于等效燃油最小能量管理策略，基于增益功率燃油系数的能量管理策略提升了节油率和舒适性，在全球轻型汽车测试循环(WLTC)工况下的百公里油耗降低了约4.8%，发动机的启停次数降低了约53%；相对于有效燃油消耗率(BSFC)最优工作点控制方法，发动机高效区域滞回控制方法降低百公里油耗约1.8%；与采用基于动态规划的全局优化能量管理策略的仿真结果对比，在不能提前预知工况的条件下，制定的能量管理策略在WLTC工况与新标欧洲测试循环(NEDC)工况下的油耗与理论最优值差距均较小。     

运输地理信息系统（CIS—T）中的动态分段技术

本比较了固定分段法，可变分段法及动态分段法，介绍了一种通用的线性数据模型及动态分段的算法，并指出了该算法的不足及动态分段的适用范围。     

EQ6110HEV并联混合动力系统参数匹配及性能研究

阐述了EQ6110HEV并联混合动力总成结构和采用的控制策略，提出了并联混合动力汽车动力传动系统参数匹配方法及过程，分析了电机峰值功率及基速点的选取对汽车动力性和经济性的影响。并将匹配方案仿真结果与试验结果进行比较，结果说明该匹配方法正确可行，可为动力总成优化提供理论依据。     

单电机混合动力汽车最优线控制策略研究

针对一款新型的单电机混合动力汽车,首先按照发动机最低燃油消耗曲线、发动机外特性曲线、电机外特性曲线以及电池SOC的高低进行工作模式的划分;其次采用人工鱼群算法对关键门限值参数(电池SOC工作的上下限值以及围绕最低燃油消耗曲线上限波动值)进行优化;最后制定出最优线控制策略,并与恒温箱控制策略和功率跟随策略进行了仿真比较。     

Cooperative control of the motor and the electric booster brake to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle

A cooperative control algorithm for an in-wheel motor and an electric booster brake is proposed to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle. The in-wheel system was modeled by dividing it into motor and mechanical parts, and the electric booster brake was modeled through tests. In addition, the response characteristics of the in-wheel system and the electric booster brake were compared through a frequency response analysis. In the cooperative control, the road friction coefficient was estimated using the wheel speed, motor torque, and braking torque of each wheel, and the torque limit of the wheel to the road was determined using the estimated road friction coefficient. Based on the estimated road friction coefficient and torque limit, a cooperative algorithm to control the motor and the electric booster brake was proposed to improve the stability of the in-wheel electric vehicle. The performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm was evaluated through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS). Furthermore, to verify the performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm, a test environment was constructed for the anti-lock braking system (ABS) hydraulic module hardware, and the performance of the cooperative control algorithm was compared with that of the ABS by means of a HILS test.     

Dynamics characteristics analysis and control of FWID EV

Compared with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, four-wheel-independently-drive electric vehicles (FWID EV) have significant advantages, such as more controlled degree of freedom (DOF), higher energy efficiency and faster torque response of an electric motor. The influence of these advantages and other characteristics on vehicle dynamics control need to be evaluated in detail. This paper firstly analyzed the dynamics characteristics of FWID EV, including the feasible region of vehicle global force, the improvement of powertrain energy efficiency and the time-delays of electric motor torque in the direct yaw moment feedback control system. In this way, the influence of electric motor output power limit, road friction coefficient and the wheel torque response on the stability control, as well as the impact of motor idle loss on the torque distribution method were illustrated clearly. Then a vehicle dynamics control method based on the vehicle stability state was proposed. In normal driving condition, the powertrain energy efficiency can be improved by torque distribution between front and rear wheels. In extreme driving condition, the electric motors combined with the electro-hydraulic braking system were employed as actuators for direct yaw moment control. Simulation results show that dynamics control which take full advantages of the more controlled freedom and the motor torque response characteristics improve the vehicle stability better than the control based on the hydraulic braking system of conventional vehicle. Furthermore, some road tests in a real vehicle were conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed control method.     

纯电动客车两档变速器传动比优化仿真分析

文章以某纯电动客车为研究对象,根据城市-郊区道路条件,驱动电机和电动客车整备参数已定,满足动力性能前提,以两档变速器传动比为变量,利用人群搜索算法(SOA)找到与电机相匹配的传动比,优化能量利用率,提出一种优化设计思路,并利用仿真软件进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,此设计优化思路为两档纯电动客车设计出最优的传动比,满足道路行驶要求,能量利用率优异。     

CA6100SH8并联混合动力客车工作模式与功率分配研究

以一汽自主开发的CA6100SH8并联混合动力客车为例,简要介绍其总成构型方案和控制系统原理;详细论述了混合动力客车的各种工作模式和各种模式的输入条件、输出结果,以及各种模式中发动机、电机之间的功率分配算法。最后基于离线仿真和整车试验验证了上述工作模式和功率分配算法的正确性。     

考虑弹性支撑边界条件的电动汽车-路面系统机电耦合振动特性分析

轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的簧下质量大导致轮胎动载荷增加,并且电机电磁力和转矩波动对车轮造成电机激励,进一步加剧车轮振动引起垂向振动负效应的问题。鉴于此,考虑电机的电磁激励,建立了电动汽车-路面系统的机电耦合动力学模型,推导了弹性支撑边界条件下路面结构的模态频率和振型表达式,以及路面振动引起的二次激励。计算了简支与弹性支撑边界条件下的路面模态频率,根据频率分布进行了截断阶数选取,并分析了边界条件、电机激励和车速对路面响应的影响。在此基础上,研究了不同行驶速度、路基反应模量及路面不平顺幅值下,激励形式对汽车车身加速度、悬架动挠度和轮胎动载荷的影响。结果表明：路面不平顺幅值越小,弹性支撑对路面响应的影响越大,弹性支撑边界条件下的路面响应较小,电机激励会引起路面响应的增加;弹性支撑边界条件下,路面不平顺幅值和路基反应模量越小,考虑路面不平顺、路面二次激励和电机激励的三重综合激励对电动汽车响应的影响越大,激励形式对轮胎动载荷的影响最大,对车身加速度的影响次之,对悬架动挠度的影响最小;电机激励导致轮胎动载荷增加,对路面破坏和寿命产生的负效应不容忽视。所建电动汽车-路面系统机电耦合模型及研究思路可为电动汽车垂向动力学分析提供参考与理论支持。     

Vehicle velocity estimation using effective inertia for an in-wheel electric vehicle

In this study, a vehicle velocity estimation algorithm for an in-wheel electric vehicle is proposed. This algorithm estimates the vehicle velocity using the concept of effective inertia, which is based on the motor torque, the angular velocity of each wheel and vehicle acceleration. Effective inertia is a virtual mass that changes according to the state of a vehicle, such as acceleration, deceleration, turning or driving on a low friction road. The performance of the proposed vehicle velocity estimation algorithm was verified in various conditions that included straight driving, circle driving and low friction road driving using the in-wheel electric vehicle that was equipped with an in-wheel system in each of its rear wheels.     

电动客车轮边驱动电机的转矩分配控制策略研究

轮边驱动电机采用轮毂电机,实现四轮独立驱动,方便汽车动力学性能的控制。对于电动客车,轮边电机驱动以其轻量化、传递效率高等优势正在取代中央直驱的方式,成为现在研究的热点。这种驱动方式取消了离合器和变速器等,驱动电机安装在车轮旁边,结构空间和重量得以大幅度降低电。文章以四轮独立驱动的轮毂电机电动客车为研究对象,通过驱动转矩的合理分配,保证其有最佳的动力性和经济性。     

一种提高轮边驱动客车经济性的驱动控制方法

轮边驱动电动客车采用4个永磁同步电机,通过减速器将驱动力传递至驱动轮。合适的转矩分配控制策略可以提升行车经济性。以轮边驱动电动客车为研究对象,采用加速踏板平滑处理和基于电机电动效率Map图的转矩优化分配方法,并通过AVL Cruise/Simulink联合仿真、dSPACE硬件在环和实车试验进行验证。结果表明,相比于平均转矩分配,采用加速踏板平滑处理和基于电机电动效率Map图的转矩最优分配方法可降低2.35%的能耗,且该控制算法在硬件在环和实车试验中有着较好的实时性,能够满足实车行驶的需求。     

Interaction Dynamics Between an Electric Vehicle's 'Pantograph' and the Road

In this paper, we briefly describe the patented E-TRAN electric roadway & vehicle concept and then proceed to study the dynamic effects of an associated road pantograph in contact with a road mounted power strip. During usage, the road pantograph (supported underneath the vehicle) allows power to be drawn from the strip for powering the motor driven vehicle. From a mechanical point of view, friction, wear and dynamic bounce effects impact the reliability arid maintainability of the pantograph/strip concept. To study bounce effects, a dynamic model of a one degree of freedom road pantograph was developed for both contact and noncontact situations. These dynamic “bounce” effects were simulated using a MATRIXx™ based model of the road pantograph and associated road surface (and strip). In order to do so, several simulation issues had to be addressed (some of which may be of interest to those studying wheel/rail contact effects). To corroborate the dynamic model, an instrumented experimental pantograph/road simulator was fabricated. Reasonable correspondence was achieved between the experimentally measured and simulated support forces and pantograph angle. Parametric variations in the design were also studied through simulation. The work presented serves as a paradigm for designing, building, and testing road pantographs for specific applications.     

基于深度学习的混合动力汽车预测能量管理

为了优化混合动力汽车的能量动态分配过程,提升混合动力汽车的燃油经济性和动力电池荷电状态（SOC）平衡性,提高混合动力汽车能量管理策略的鲁棒性,以等效燃油消耗最小化策略为基础,结合对车辆未来行驶工况的预测研究,分析车辆未来行驶需求能量的变化,制定相应的动态调整策略。基于车联网通信技术,实时采集车辆的运行状态信息和交通信息,作为车辆未来工况预测模型的输入变量。以数据驱动为特征,基于混合深度学习建立工况预测模型。利用STL分解算法对各输入变量进行周期性、趋势性等特征分解,并对各输入变量的特征分量,使用混合深度学习网络从数据局部特征及时间维度依赖特征来深度挖掘目标车辆车速与外部信息及历史数据的关系,进而对车辆未来的行驶工况进行预测。利用预测的工况信息,分析车辆未来行驶需求能量的变化,应用于自适应等效消耗最小化策略等效因子的实时动态调整,从而实现对车辆的优化控制,并通过与传统自适应等效消耗最小化策略进行对比,验证该方法的有效性。研究结果表明：基于混合深度学习的工况预测模型预测精度比BP网络预测模型高44.72%;利用精确的预测工况信息预测能量管理,可以实时动态调整发动机和电机的功率输出,降低油耗并维持电池SOC平衡。