室内空气品质研究现状及发展评述

介绍了室内空气品质的国内外有关研究现状.从室内空气品质的定义和评价、室内空气品质的影响因素、提高室内空气品质的相关措施及室内空气品质研究的发展展望等方面评述了国内外有关研究工作.     

室内空气品质研究现状及发展评述

介绍了室内空气品质的国内外有关研究现状，从室内空气品质的定义和评价，室内空气品质的影响因素，提高室内空气品质的相关措施及室内空气品质研究的发展展望等方面评述了国内外有关研究工作。     

浅谈人体热适适与室内空气品质关系

简介影响室内空气品质，人体热舒适的因素，室内空气品质与人体热舒适间的关系，以及改善室内空气品质，提高人体热舒适的措施。     

室内空气品质的CFD评价方法

室内空气品质与人的感知以及个体差异紧密相连,表征了室内环境要素对人们工作与生活的舒适度.室内空气品质不佳将对人的身心健康和工作可靠性产生巨大的不利影响.在现代建筑中,暖通空调系统设计或运行不当以及各类污染源产生的污染物是导致室内空气品质出现问题的两大方面.CFD方法通过求解统一形式的描述室内流动、传热和污染物产生与扩散的偏微分方程组,可以得到室内各个位置的风速、温度、污染物浓度等参数,为从整场的角度来评价室内空调环境空气品质提供了可能,已发展成为评价室内空气品质的强有力手段.本文着重探讨CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)技术在评价室内空调环境空气品质上的应用现状与实施方法要点,并给出了实例.     

浅议装修污染与室内空气品质

装修产生的室内空气品质污染问题日趋严重,人们对此问题也日趋重视,本文首先分析了装修引起室内空气品质下降的来源及其危害,然后提出了改善室内空气品质的具体措施。     

室内空气品质的CFD评价方法

室内空气品质与人的感知以及个体差异紧密相连，表征了室内环境要素对人们工作与生活的舒适度。室内空气品质不佳将对人的身心健康和工作可靠性产生巨大的不利影响。在现代建筑中，暖通空调系统设计或运行不当以及各类污染源产生的污染物是导致室内空气品质出现问题的两大方面。CFD方法通过求解统一形式的描述室内流动、传热和污染物产生与扩散的偏微分方程组，可以得到室内各个位置的风速、温度、污染物浓度等参数，为从整场的角度来评价室内空调环境空气品质提供了可能，已发展成为评价室内空气品质的强有力手段。本文着重探讨CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics1)技术在评价室内空调环境空气品质上的应用现状与实施方法要点，并给出了实例。     

邮轮影剧院夏季气流组织模拟和分析

以某邮轮的影剧院为研究对象,对影剧院进行建模,进行负荷、风量计算和数值模拟,引入空气流速、CO2浓度、空气龄、pmv-ppd4个指标对影剧院进行热舒适性和室内空气品质评价,并对上送侧回和下送侧回的通风方式进行对比分析.研究结果表明,不同气流组织对室内热舒适性和空气品质影响较大,下送侧回的热舒适性和室内空气品质评价要好于上送侧回.     

海洋平台房间通风流场模拟

研究海洋平台某一房间(电池间)内气体流动特性,并利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT进行数值模拟计算,对室内空气品质与是否适合人体舒适性进行研究。采用低雷诺数k-ε模型模拟气体的湍流流场,模拟出室内空气分布特性。模拟结果表明FLUENT软件能详尽地模拟出室内气体流动特性,k-ε模型能够较好地模拟室内流动流场,可用于评估室内空气品质。     

置换通风在船舶会议室内的适用性研究

室内空气品质的优劣直接影响人员的工作效率。文中以某船舶会议室作为研究对象,建立其非空态条件下采用置换通风方式的船舶舱室内气流组织数学模型,通过求解RNGκ-ε紊流方程,获得了采用置换通风方式的船舶会议室内空气品质分布规律。结果表明,结合舱室内热源的分布特征,利用热源产生的浮升力作用,合理布置送回风口的位置,船舶会议室人员活动区平均风速在0.15m/s以下、01~1.1m高度内垂直温差小于1℃,能量利用率大于1,获得良好的气流组织和热舒适性,有效地提高了船舶会议室的空气品质。     

基于室内空气品质提高的非干燥地区新风处理技术探讨

本文提出了一种基于非干燥地区的新风处理流程,该流程采用转轮除湿结合蒸发冷却技术实现,具有节能、环保的特点。同时,由于采用直流式系统,故而极大改善了室内空气品质。     

船舶造成空气污染成因分析及对策研究

近年空气质量不断恶化,控制气体污染成为社会关注焦点。船舶排放已成为了第三大空气污染源,仅次于工业气体排放和机动车尾气。据测算,1艘中型集装箱船使用普通燃料（含硫量为3.5%）航行1天,其排放量等于50万辆货车。国际海事组织加强对船舶造成大气污染的控制,2005年5月19日起实施《防止船舶造成空气污染规则》。2016年1月,我国在珠三角、长三角、环渤海水域设立3个船舶排放控制区。本文主要分析船舶造成大气污染的原因,探寻较少排放污染的方法。     

船舶运输业造成大气污染现状及防治对策研究

文中通过世界各国对于船舶运输业污染大气防治的措施进行研究,分析我国船舶污染大气防治存在的不足,并提出相关防治对策。     

Air pollution history elucidated from anthropogenic spherules and their magnetic signatures in marine sediments offshore of Southwestern Taiwan

Kaohsiung City and its neighborhood in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan have suffered serious air pollution since the region became the largest center for heavy-industry on the island. In order to unravel the air pollution history of the region, four ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment box cores recovered in 2006 from offshore of this area were chosen for magnetic and petrographic analyses. The data were used to distinguish changes in concentration, composition and grain size of magnetic particles in the sediments due to inputs of anthropogenic magnetic spherules. Sedimentation rates have been reasonably constant for the last one hundred years, except at the core tops which were affected by a turbidite layer induced by a typhoon in 2005. Down-core profiles of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are similar among the cores, and reflect similar trends to magnetic spherule counts. This reveals that χ and SIRM of modern marine sediments can be used as air pollution indicators for nearby industrialized upwind areas. The studied record indicates that industrialization of the area was gradual during 1950–1980 and boomed afterward, resulting in a high production of airborne magnetic spherules, which is consistent with evidence for poor air quality at that time. Optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) surveys of magnetic extracts indicate that the magnetic spherules have grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers up to 50 μm and consist mainly of iron oxides with variable Si, Al, and Ca contents. X-ray diffraction analysis on magnetic extracts from different depths in the cores further indicates that magnetite and pyrrhotite, which are derived from terrigenous detritus, form the magnetic constituents of the sediments before the area was industrialized. In contrast, during the industrial boom, anthropogenic magnetite and hematite spherules became the dominant magnetic particles in the sediments. Down-core profiles of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) below the turbidite layer also reveal similar trends to the corresponding magnetic spherule counts, which indicate that the concentration of hematite in the sediments is also closely related to the extent of air pollution. In addition, relatively low values of χ_ARM/χ, which are indicative of coarse magnetic grains, started to occur when large magnetite spherules became significant during the industrialized period. The air pollution history elucidated from our sediment core data not only reflects the development of Kaohsiung from a small village to a highly industrialized metropolitan area in the 20th century, but it is also consistent with the most recent air pollution trends revealed by real time air quality measurements of PM₁₀. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic parameters for delineating the air pollution history of coastal marine sediments down-wind of nearby industrialized regions.     

船舶外场涂装无组织排放现状与法规分析

涂装作为造修船主要支柱环节,在人员健康、环境等的要求下,面临绿色化发展的转型升级的需求.基于船舶外场涂装作业大气污染治理的紧迫性,文章梳理了船舶涂装的现状,进而归纳及对比了国内外大气污染无组织排放的环保标准/法规,提出了船舶绿色涂装的发展建议.旨在为船舶企业提供涂装排放限值及要求相关的参考依据,降低对环境的危害,促进船...     

绿色船舶技术发展趋势

本文简单介绍国际上特别是国际海事组织(IMO)对航运界防止船舶造成水污染和空气污染的发展趋向,探讨绿色(环保)船舶的概念和设计建造要求。     

Changes in the external costs of freight surface transport In Spain

This paper studies the external costs of surface freight transport in Spain and finds that a reduction occurred over the past15 years. The analysis yields two conclusions: trucks have experienced a reduction in external costs, and rail has lower externalities. The external costs of road freight transport decrease between 1993 and 2007 (44%). The external costs of rail freight increase by 12%. During this period, the external costs of road freight related to climate increase by 16%, oppositely than those from air pollution and accidents (51 and 44%). The external costs of rail related to pollutant emissions and climate increase by 4% and 43%. Oppositely, the external costs related to accidents decrease by 27%. Road freight generates eight times the external costs of rail, 2.35 Euro cents per tonne kilometre in 2005 (5.6% accidents, 74.7% air pollution and 19.7% climate) vs. 0.28 (13.4% accidents, 53.9% air pollution and 32.7% climate).     

密闭舱室突发污染浓度动态预测与源项辨识

潜艇、载人航天器等密闭微环境随着人员停留时间的延长,其舱室空气污染问题已成为危害工作人员生命安全的主要因素,因此迫切需要开展快速准确的污染浓度预测以及对突发不确定污染源辨识的技术研究,并提高密闭环境主动应对突发污染的能力。对舱室污染浓度进行动态预测和污染源项强度辨识是实现舱室空气质量实时预测的关键。建立了集总污染源概念,提出了联合使用卡尔曼滤波和最小二乘算法的舱室突发污染辨识与浓度预测方法,并与建立的变结构污染浓度模型相结合,同时完成了集总污染源散发强度的动态辨识和污染浓度状态预测。另外,在突发污染源定位方面开展了前期的探讨研究工作,建立了一种新的多维浓度离散随机模型,并提出了基于多假设特征匹配的突发污染源定位方法研究。通过匹配观测数据序列与单参数(源位置)多假设获得的传感器处浓度响应序列特征来实现源项定位及散发时间估计,可初步确定源散发强度。     

长江上游船舶大型化对典型污染排放的影响

长江上游船舶大型化趋势明显,评估其对典型污染排放的影响对航道建设规划具有重要意义.收集计算长江上游船舶吨位、船舶交通流、船舶燃油消耗及典型污染物排放等数据,分析了长江上游船舶大型化对典型污染物排放的综合影响.结果表明:1)2008—2019年长江上游三省一市船舶平均吨位从249 t增加到874 t,船舶流量显著减小,货...     

潜艇大气污染与大气质量内部控制措施

根据国内外潜艇舱室大气污染的状况,论述了舱室主要污染物的来源、造成的危害和大气质量内部控制措施及其发展技术,为我国开展潜艇大气控制研究提供了依据。     

潜艇空气污染与污染检测技术

根据国内外潜艇舱室大气污染的状况,论述了舱室主要污染物的来源、对人体的危害和污染物检测技术及发展趋势,为我国开展潜艇大气控制技术研究提供依据。