声呐目标回声特性预报的板块元方法

将计算雷达散射截面的板块元方法引入到声呐目标强度计算中.在应用Kirchhoff近似计算水中目标散射声场时,用一组平面板块元近似复杂形状目标曲面,所有板块元的散射声场的和就是总散射声场的近似值.通过将单个板块元的积分化为代数和避免了面积分运算,使得板块元法比通常的面元积分法计算速度提高许多倍.针对声呐的情况将此方法推广到目标近场和非刚性表面回声特性预报.用这种方法解决了多种声呐目标的回声计算并开发了专用软件,能够快速计算各种形状声呐目标的目标强度.     

俯仰角对典型水面目标散射影响分析

论文研究典型水面目标随俯仰角变化的RCS的空间特性,从舰船散射特点出发,分析不同散射特点的计算方法,详细分析射线追踪法、物理光学近似法及等效边缘电流法对假定水中舰船目标进行散射特性仿真计算,分析俯仰角对其散射特性的影响,分析典型峰值,得出典型水面目标的RCS特性随俯仰角的改变而发生改变的结论,俯仰角的散射量值与船体的构型、布局密切相关.     

转弯航行舰船开尔文尾迹散射特征研究北大核心CSCD

[目的]旨在研究转弯航行状态下舰船产生的开尔文尾迹及其电磁散射特征,为舰船非线性尾迹检测和识别提供理论支撑。[方法]基于已有的开尔文尾迹建模方法和坐标变换,根据转弯航行方向,获得转弯航行舰船产生的开尔文尾迹。利用半确定性面元散射模型(SDFSM)对转弯航行舰船产生的弧形开尔文尾迹进行雷达电磁散射特性仿真分析,计算对比海背景下直线航行舰船开尔文尾迹和转弯航行舰船开尔文尾迹在不同船速及航行角度条件下的面元散射系数分布。[结果]转弯航行舰船开尔文尾迹各成分波在几何模型上存在与直行尾迹不同的几何特征,复合直行开尔文尾迹及转弯航行开尔文尾迹不同成分波在垂直接收-垂直发射(VV)极化条件下的面元散射系数分布图中不同区域表现出具有显著差异的散射特征。[结论]开尔文尾迹散射系数分布图的亮暗度和尾迹不同成分波的波矢量方向与雷达视向的相对关系密切相关。研究结果可为舰船信息感知和探测识别以及隐身等应用提供理论依据。     

基于SBR的舰船目标多次散射RCS计算

舰船目标存在多次散射效应,计算多次散射的方法与其雷达散射截面预估精确度密切相关.本文从舰船散射特点出发,分析不同散射特点的计算方法,详细分析射线追踪法(Shooting and Bouncing Ray,SBR)计算多次散射的原理,并分别采用射线追踪法与物理光学近视法(Physical Optics,PO)对假定舰船目标进行3次散射特性仿真计算,通过与典型角域表面电流定位的亮点部位进行对比,表明射线追踪法用于预估舰船目标多次散射上能够提高预估精度。     

多通道运动声呐混响仿真

提出了一种直观,易于实现的方法完成多通道声呐混响信号的仿真,采用空间非均匀方式分布散射元,直接对散射元的回波信号进行迭加。仿真综合考虑了多种影响混响的因素,包括发射信号本身的参数,声呐平台的运动,海洋环境等。对仿真信号的平均混响级,瞬时值和包络值概率密度分布,空间相关系数,空时二维谱几个方面进行了检验,结果与理论分析和经验值具有较好的一致性,证明了仿真的有效性。该仿真数据能够满足空时自适应处理(STAP)方法研究的需要。     

平面波照射下的球形目标散射函数计算

水下目标探测和识别的前提是对目标及其散射特性有良好的先验知识.研究目标的散射特性可以为水声主动探测和目标识别提供理论基础和技术支持.本文研究了平面波入射情况下无限大均匀介质中的球形目标散射函数求解问题.利用入射平面波的球函数展开形式和不同性状(刚性、软性)目标球表面的边界条件,推导得到了球形目标在球坐标和柱坐标系下的散射函数解析式,并进行了数值仿真.计算结果表明,自由场条件下,不同ka和性状的球形目标散射强度随方位角呈不同特性分布.     

电磁力激励水下有限长圆柱壳体振动噪声特征

针对亲水电机电磁噪声计算与评估的问题,研究了在电磁力作用下和考虑水声负载时有限长圆柱壳体的振动与噪声特性,给出振动、远场声压以及辐射效率的计算公式,并通过数值验证,两者吻合良好。当厚径比较小时,水声负载对于结构的振动与声辐射有很大影响,当h/a≥0.1时,在非共振区域,水声负载的影响可以忽略。ka值较小时,0阶电磁力波作用下的远场声场近似为球面波。这也是电机尺寸小时,可以当作球体计算辐射声功率的主要原因。不同阶数力波的声辐射效率,开始时随着ka的增大而增大,到一定值时趋于平稳。高阶的电磁力波,如超过4阶的,在较大ka值也能产生大的辐射噪声。     

浅海混响背景下吊放声呐主动方式探潜研究

浅海混响估算是研究吊放声呐主动方式搜潜作战使用的关键环节。首先分析声能声呐方程各项的定义,研究最大允许传播损失的计算方法;然后采用Bellhop模型计算吊放声呐与海底散射元之间的传播问题,依据Jackson模型推导海底反向散射强度的计算方法。结合海底散射面积的估算与吊放声呐主动工作满足小掠射角的特点,对负梯度和负跃层声速梯度下的浅海混响进行仿真和分析;结合信号余量的估算,研究2种典型声场条件下工作深度对浅海混响和吊放声呐探潜的影响,并提出相应的吊放声呐工作深度的选择方法。     

有限长双层加肋圆柱壳体低频回声:近似理论和实验

研究了有限长双层加肋圆柱壳体的低频回声特性,提出了一种近似预报方法并进行了实验验证。该方法将回声分为弹性部分和几何部分,弹性部分用薄壳理论求解的包含中间水层的弹性散射波来近似;几何部分用修正板块元法计算的壳体和肋板构成的类似角反射体的几何回声来近似,将两者按能量叠加得到总回声场。低频回声实验的ka值约在5～10之间,通过实测的频率—角度谱与理论计算结果的比较分析了各种回声的形成机理。最后将实测目标强度与近似理论预报的结果进行了对比,两者在大部分角度吻合良好。     

基于GPU的海底混响信号快速仿真方法研究

在计算海底混响信号时,根据混响产生的物理机理,以射线声学为基础,用 Lambert散射定律计算海底反向散射强度,采用单元散射模型建立海底混响信号模型。利用 GPU相比于 CPU具有更高的浮点运算能力和内存带宽的特点,采用 GPU进行计算海底混响信号。通过对仿真混响信号的处理分析,在散射点较少时,混响信号包络更接近于 K分布,而随着散射点的增多,混响信号的包络接近于瑞利分布。符合混响信号的一般统计特性。该方法能快速仿真出混响信号,达到高效的目的,为以后混响信号的实时演示验证提供一条可供选择的途径。     

雷达目标电磁散射的水声模拟

水声模拟是雷达目标电磁散射特性测量的具有明显优势的一种新方法。首先从电磁波和声波的波动方程出发,分析了在一定边界条件下二维目标声波与电磁波散射的对应关系;其次针对三维电大尺寸的复杂目标,分析了对其进行水声模拟测量的可行性;最后,通过对平板目标的测量实验验证了水声模拟方法的正确性。     

水下目标几何声散射形态学特征的时频域盲分离（英文）

Separation of the components of rigid acoustic scattering by underwater objects is essential in obtaining the structural characteristics of such objects. To overcome the problem of rigid structures appearing to have the same spectral structure in the time domain, time-frequency Blind Source Separation(BSS) can be used in combination with image morphology to separate the rigid scattering components of different objects. Based on a highlight model, the separation of the rigid scattering structure of objects with time-frequency distribution is deduced. Using a morphological filter, different characteristics in a Wigner-Ville Distribution(WVD) observed for single auto term and cross terms can be simplified to remove any cross-term interference. By selecting time and frequency points of the auto terms signal, the accuracy of BSS can be improved. A simulation experimental has been used to analyze the feasibility of the new method, with changing the pulse width of the transmitted signal, the relative amplitude and the time delay parameter. And simulation results show that the new method can not only separate rigid scattering components, but can also separate the components when elastic scattering and rigid scattering exist at the same time. Experimental results confirm that the new method can be used in separating the rigid scattering structure of underwater objects.     

Blind source separation based on time–frequency morphological characteristics for rigid acoustic scattering by underwater objects

Separation of the components of rigid acoustic scattering by underwater objects is essential in obtaining the structural characteristics of such objects. To overcome the problem of rigid structures appearing to have the same spectral structure in the time domain, time–frequency Blind Source Separation (BSS) can be used in combination with image morphology to separate the rigid scattering components of different objects. Based on a highlight model, the separation of the rigid scattering structure of objects with time–frequency distribution is deduced. Using a morphological filter, different characteristics in a Wigner–Ville Distribution (WVD) observed for single auto term and cross terms can be simplified to remove any cross-term interference. By selecting time and frequency points of the auto terms signal, the accuracy of BSS can be improved. An experimental simulation has been used, with changes in the pulse width of the transmitted signal, the relative amplitude and the time delay parameter, in order to analyzing the feasibility of this new method. Simulation results show that the new method is not only able to separate rigid scattering components, but can also separate the components when elastic scattering and rigid scattering exist at the same time. Experimental results confirm that the new method can be used in separating the rigid scattering structure of underwater objects.     

Underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation

The main objective of this paper is to develop an efficient numerical method which can predict the underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on a ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation by linear acoustic theory. In addition, the noise scattered from the ship hull and reflected from the free surface are included. Concerning the computation of the acoustic field induced by unsteady sheet cavitation and forces of a marine propeller, a method is derived without making any approximation about the distance function between the noise source and field point. Thus, this method can be used to predict acoustic pressure at both far and near fields, and this is very important for the scattering problem because the ship hull is located very close to the propeller. For the computation of the scattering problem, a more efficient and robust method is derived in time domain, which can treat multi-frequency waves scattered from underwater obstacles. The acoustic fields of a container ship radiated by the propeller and scattered from the ship hull with free surface is investigated in this paper. The pressure fluctuations of low blade rate on the ship hull induced by the propeller are also computed by the present method and are found to be similar to the results obtained by a panel method satisfying the Laplace equation for the points near the propeller due to the small retarding time. However, for the points on the ship hull away from the propeller, the differences of the results between two methods will increase.     

水下双层圆柱壳全频段声振特性研究

为研究水下双层圆柱壳结构全频段声振特性,基于VA-ONE建立了FE-BEM混合法、FE-SEA混合法及SEA法3种不同的计算模型,进行了不同辐射介质中辐射声功率及外壳振速的计算,并进一步研究了内外壳及肋板厚度、约束条件、激励位置及层间流体对双层圆柱壳声辐射特性的影响;基于FE-BEM混合法研究了圆柱壳结构的声散射特性;研究了肋板在结构振动能量传递中的作用,提出了2种阻尼肋板的减振降噪方案并进行相关仿真分析.结果表明:重流体能够抑制结构的振动,但由于重流体声阻抗较大,结构的辐射声功率变大;结构声散射曲线在某些频率处出现峰值,且峰值频率与结构自身的固有特性有关;阻尼肋板能得到较好的减振降噪效果,工程上建议使用金属聚氨酯阻尼肋板.     

海底阻抗对浅海波导中椭球体的声散射研究

基于Greenberg方法推导了含有阻抗边界条件的浅水Green函数,利用边界元法研究了含阻抗的三维海洋波导与散射体相互作用的问题.分析了海底阻抗对声波与结构体相互作用时的散射特性影响,数值分析表明:含有阻抗边界条件的浅海目标的散射特性与理想海底明显不同,海底阻抗对水平断面以及垂直断面的散射场都有一定的影响,目标距离海底越近,场点散射声压受海底边界条件的影响越大;阻抗越大,散射声压越大.指向性的分布对受海底阻抗的大小比较敏感.分析浅海声散射时,海底阻抗的影响不可忽视.     

掩埋目标声散射特征提取（英文）

Elastic acoustic scattering is important for buried target detection and identification. For elastic spherical objects, studies have shown that a series of narrowband energetic arrivals follow the first specular one. However, in practice, the elastic echo is rather weak because of the acoustic absorption, propagation loss, and reverberation, which makes it difficult to extract elastic scattering features, especially for buried targets. To remove the interference and enhance the elastic scattering, the de-chirping method was adopted here to address the target scattering echo when a linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal is transmitted. The parameters of the incident signal were known. With the de-chirping operation, a target echo was transformed into a cluster of narrowband signals, and the elastic components could be extracted with a band-pass filter and then recovered by remodulation.The simulation results indicate the feasibility of the elastic scattering extraction and recovery. The experimental result demonstrates that the interference was removed and the elastic scattering was visibly enhanced after de-chirping, which facilitates the subsequent resonance feature extraction for target classification and recognition.     

导管桨方位推进器无空化噪声数值预报研究

为了准确计算导管桨方位推进器水下辐射噪声,文章以非均匀进流条件下实尺度导管桨方位推进器为研究对象,采用扇声源方法结合边界元方法对导管桨方位推进器无空化噪声进行了数值预报,并分析了导管桨方位推进器不同部件噪声对总噪声的贡献。结果表明:壁面脉动压力幅值最强位置主要集中在桨叶的导边以及导管内壁面靠近桨叶叶梢的部分;径向测点声源级最大值对应的频率为叶频,轴向测点噪声在三倍叶频处声源级最大;静止部件噪声是径向测点噪声的主要贡献者,旋转部件噪声是轴向测点噪声的主要贡献者;导管桨方位推进器总噪声对应的宽带声源级指向性呈椭圆形;采用扇声源方法结合边界元方法能够预报导管桨方位推进器无空化噪声,为导管桨方位推进器的噪声性能评估提供一个新方法。     

复合材料圆柱壳声目标强度数值分析

为研究复合材料圆柱壳的声散射特性,本文基于有限元法,并结合AML技术,计算并分析水下空气背衬条件下复合材料圆柱壳铺层角度、纤维层数和壳厚比对复合材料圆柱壳声目标强度（ TS）的影响规律。结果表明：低中频时,圆柱壳铺层角度对TS影响较大;高频时,铺层角度对TS影响趋于一致;纤维层层数对TS影响不大;一定范围内,壳厚比越小,声目标强度值越小。