船舶污水处理系统的技术方案

船舶污水处理系统的处理及排放通常按国际防污染公约执行。随着环保意识的增强，国际防污染公约不断修订，各地区制订了许多地方性排污法规，极大地限制了船舶污水的处理及排放，污水系统的设计和使用都面临着新的变革。通过对国际防污染公约及各地方污水排放标准的分析，阐述船舶污水排放要求及其发展，根据船舶污水排放受到国际公约与地方法规之间的不同限制，提出船舶油污水、黑水、厨房灰水、洗涤灰水系统排放、收集、处理方案，按照水域的不同，采取直接排放、处理或贮存等措施，以实现船舶污水达到处理排放直至零排放的目标，更好地保护海洋生态环境。     

Autonomy, bureaucracy, professionalism and accountability: a transaction cost approach to shipboard controls

In recent years, shipping industry has encountered severe competition, technological change, and environmental and safety concerns. In order to remain competitive, firms need to review and redesign shipboard work. A crucial aspect of these efforts is shipboard controls that define the extent of autonomy and accountability of officers and crew. This study examines four types of controls on board ships. These are monitoring and autonomy, outcome accountability, formalization and professionalization. The study applied trancsaction cost theory to test eight hypotheses on board 16 ships in two companies. The results largely confirm theoretical predictions. Task visibility, complexity and uncertainty show strong relationships to the four types of controls. However, there are also significant gaps in that accountability for outcomes is low, and situation with regard to crew training and autonomy can be improved. Implications for human resource practice and future research are discussed.     

“绿色船舶”的探讨

２１世纪将是一个发展与环保的新世纪。世界经济的发展必将促进航运业的发展，船舶的增加、航线的密集又会带来环境的严重污染。世界商船向“绿色船舶”过渡是发展生产力，保护海洋和大气环境的必由之路。本文试从公约、法规的强制性要求，技术装置的必要保证及管理培训措施落实诸方面来探讨“绿色船舶”研制和运行这一课题。并提请有关部门联合开发，跟上世界航运界这一新的潮流。     

AIS在船舶自动避碰系统中的应用

国际海事组织IMO规定，船舶自动识别系统（AIS）将于2002年7月1日开始实施，它是即将在船舶普遍使用新型的助航设备。本文根据AIS所提供的船舶信息，分析在船舶自动避碰系统研究中的地位，将会发挥的作用和产生的影响。     

船舶载运集装箱危险货物的安全积载

集装箱危险货物在船上的积载隔离不当,将会直接导致船载危险货物事故的发生。文章通过对HJCF轮火灾事故的初步分析,来认识危险货物安全积载的重要性,进而阐述了船舶如何正确进行危险货物积载与隔离,以及与积载安全密切相关的一些问题,以引起有关方面的关注。     

结合功率管理推力分配策略研究

由于动力定位对船舶的推进能力要求比较高,所以采用动态性能更好的电力推进方式已经成为了动力定位船舶的优先选择。对于电力推进船舶来说,推进器是其最大的负载,以起重船为研究对象,除了推进器以外,船上还有起重机和绞锚车等大功率负载。当船上其他大功率负载突然启动或者工作在风浪较大的环境时,会造成整个船舶电网功率波动较大,影响整个船舶电网的稳定性。文章提出自适应组合推力偏置结合功率管理分配方法,当船舶电网功率波动较大时,释放偏置的推力,降低整个船舶电网的功率波动,有助于增强电网的稳定性。     

碳减排背景下氢燃料电池船舶发展现状及监管建议

为实现碳减排目标,航运业必须寻找更为清洁环保的船舶替代燃料,而零碳排放的氢能源电池将发挥巨大潜力.在介绍氢燃料电池船舶国内应用现状和技术规范基础上,分析氢燃料电池船舶的优势和面临的挑战,最后从海事管理机构的角度提出了对氢燃料电池船舶的监管建议.     

Application of fuel-saving strategies onboard high-speed passenger ships

Strategies of fuel consumption onboard ships are of one of the crucial issues in marine shipping industry. Many of the relevant authorities maritime domain gave great interesting to that issue, either through research that discussed the impact of marine fuel consumption on the environment and economy of ships or through practical experiments’ that are made by marine engine manufacturers. Over the years, many solutions have been put forward to overcome this problem while maintaining the amount of goods transported globally at the same transfer rate and ship speed. The present paper sheds light on many of the methods used currently to reach this purpose. It is explained that applying a certain fuel-saving strategy will rely on some of the factors, especially the type of ship. Mainly two methods including: shore-side power and cold out of heat strategies have been investigated regarding adaption, economic, and environmental issues in case of applying onboard high-speed passenger ships.     

《2007年度海盗及海上武装劫船报告》解析

国际海事局会在每年年初对上一年度在全球发生的海盗袭击事件进行统计并免费向感兴趣的用户金开。对国内航运企业来说，及时掌握有关信息，并对所获得的信息进行恰当的分析，对于帮助船东、般舶采取有效的防范措施，保证船舶和船员的生命和财产安全是十分必要的。     

采用沿岸动力概念以减少埃及红海海域高速船燃料消耗与降低排放(英文)

The progress of economic globalization,the rapid growth of international trade,and the maritime transportation has played an increasingly significant role in the international supply chain.As a result,worldwide seaports have suffered from a central problem,which appears in the form of massive amounts of fuel consumed and exhaust gas fumes emitted from the ships while berthed.Many ports have taken the necessary precautions to overcome this problem,while others still suffer due to the presence of technical and financial constraints.In this paper,the barriers,interconnection standards,rules,regulations,power sources,and economic and environmental analysis related to ships,shore-side power were studied in efforts to find a solution to overcome his problem.As a case study,this paper investigates the practicability,costs and benefits of switching from onboard ship auxiliary engines to shore-side power connection for high-speed crafts called Alkahera while berthed at the port of Safaga,Egypt.The results provide the national electricity grid concept as the best economical selection with 49.03 percent of annual cost saving.Moreover,environmentally,it could achieve an annual reduction in exhaust gas emissions of CO2,CO,NOx,P.M,and SO2by 276,2.32,18.87,0.825 and 3.84 tons,respectively.     

A review of shipboard large-scale energy storage systems北大核心CSCD

储能系统是船舶中的重要设备,可为各类船舶负荷提供能源。随着电力推进技术的成熟,全电船舶已成为未来船舶设计的主要方向。在此背景下,储能系统将由主要为辅助负荷供能逐步发展到为多类型船舶负荷供能,特别是作为船舶动力系统的重要组成部分与各类船舶主/辅机配合,在满足船舶各类负荷需求的前提下提高船舶的经济/环保特性。功能角色的转变加速了大规模储能系统接入船舶,带来了储能系统的状态估计、能量管理、优化规划等一系列问题。首先,对目前的储能技术进行分类;然后,介绍典型全电船舶的分类方法并指出储能系统的应用场景;最后,提出大容量储能系统接入船舶后带来的若干亟待解决的技术问题,即船舶储能系统分布式控制、船舶储能系统适应性规划与优化,以及船舶储能系统状态评估。所做研究可为未来大规模储能系统在电力化船舶上的应用研究提供参考方向。     

Ballast water treatment ashore — Better for the environment and for seafarers

After a brief overview of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention), 2004, the status of ratification and its applicability to ships the main methods for ballast water treatment required by the BWM Convention are introduced. Port-based reception and treatment facilities would offer many benefits compared to treatment of ballast water on board — shore-based facilities would be more efficient and provide both economical and environmental advantages. The choice to impose the ballast water treatment obligations on the ships and their crews may have been the solution of least resistance, but it may also be the solution, which represents the least efficiency and the greatest overall cost as well as a potential for negative consequences for the crew responsible for ballast water management.     

BP神经网络对船舶远程监控系统的改进分析

为了满足公司对于远洋船舶更加有效监控的要求,应用BP神经网络对监控系统加以改进,使船舶远程监控系统发出预警信号,并能在船舶上报警.此时,相应参数识别码也能够第一时间到达岸上公司,岸上公司即能在最佳时间协助船舶对设备进行维修.BP神经网络在远程监控系统的应用分析过程中,以6缸柴油主机排气温度变化趋势为模型,利用BP神经网络良好的学习特性,建立了排气温度变化的持续升高预警模型及其他非预警模型.分析表明,此种方法适用于远洋船舶的远程故障监测及船舶系统故障预测.     

Out of sight is not out of mind: Public opposition to ocean incineration

Abstract

During the early 1980s, ocean incineration emerged as one of the hottest issues in the field of hazardous waste management. Ocean incineration involves the thermal destruction of liquid hazardous wastes on specially designed ships and was promoted by the Environmental Protection Agency and powerful industry groups as part of the solution to liquid hazardous waste disposal. Attempts to adopt ocean incineration led to heated debate and apparent defeat of efforts to introduce this technology. The arguments advanced by proponents and opponents are examined. Success of environmental groups opposed to ocean incineration is explained with reference to technical, environmental, socio‐political, and legal factors. Ocean incineration, promoted as a solution to “not‐in‐my‐backyard”; opponents, instead ran afoul of region wide opposition by coastal residents for whom the sea is a common backyard.     

水基纳米流体主机冷却系统及其余热利用

为探讨纳米流体优越传热性能在船舶主机冷却系统中的应用,文中通过对水基纳米流体高效传热机理的分析,提出了将其应用于船舶主机缸套冷却系统的方案,并由此提出主机缸套冷却液余热利用的新方法,随后以图示方案为例对其原理和可行性做了分析说明,认为该方案在理论上具有可行性,实践上仍需得到实船的验证。最后希望水基纳米流体冷却系统能像废气涡轮和废气锅炉一样在实船上得到应用。     

谈钦州港原油过驳船舶生活污水处理

文中简述了船舶生活污水处理的有关要求，分析了钦州港原油过驳期间生活污水处理的现状，提出了改进措施，以期在防止船舶生活污水污染方面，形成具体的适合本辖区水域STS过驳作业管理规定。     

集装箱船装运危险货物的适用规则解读

分析了船上危险货物的种类及防爆要求。通过解读规范要求,整理出集装箱船可运输的危险品种类及特殊要求。根据运输危险货物的要求,归纳总结集装箱船设计中应该注意的供水、通风、人员保护和机器处所限界面隔热等问题,并提出设计运输危险货物的集装箱船时应遵循的主要原则。     

Abyssal seafloor waste isolation: the concept

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), with industry and university participation, conducted an assessment of the concept of isolating certain wastes (i.e., sewage sludge, fly ash from municipal incinerators, and contaminated dredged material) on the oceans' abyssal seafloor. In this assessment the advantages, disadvantages, and economic and environmental viability of potential engineering methods for achieving abyssal waste isolation were identified and compared. This paper presents background to the Abyssal Plains Waste Isolation (APWI) Project, describes the characteristics of the waste streams and quantities potentially available for disposal via the abyssal isolation concept, summarizes regulations affecting use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal of wastes, and introduces the technical and scientific premises underlying implementation of the concept.     

舰船综合网络视频监控系统设计

论述了舰船综合网络视频监控系统的最优化设计及黑光夜视摄像仪在对抗性夜晚环境下的应用。基于黑光夜视摄像仪的特点和现代舰船环境条件的要求,阐述了黑光夜视摄像设备在现代舰船综合网络视频监控系统中的配置和使用。     

双电站船舶选择性保护设计

随着海军舰船的舰载设备Et趋复杂以及负载容量越来越大,导致电力系统配电层次Et益增加,双电站也更广泛地用于舰船以及要求具备安全返港能力的客船上。文中介绍双电站之间的跨接开关、主配电板的母联开关与配电系统各层次开关间保护整定值的合理分配以及各层开关的匹配原则。