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远洋船舶空载或轻载时,为了航行安全需要加入压载水以增加抗风能力,到港装货时要排放压载水。压载水中的有害水生物和病原体同时也被搬运,并导致海洋水域环境的污染。国际海事组织制定的《国际船舶压载水及沉淀物控制和管理公约(草案)》,正是表达了人们对保护环境意识的加强,并愿意为此付出代价。 相似文献
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1982年联合国海洋法公约第196(1)条规定:“各国应采取一切必要措施,以防止,减少和控制由于在其管辖或控制下使用技术而造成的海洋污染,或由于故意或偶然在海洋环境某一特定部分引进外来的或新物种致使海洋环境可能发生重大的和有害的变化。”1992年联合国环境与发展会议要求国际海事组织考虑制定有关压载水排放的适当规则。2002年可持续发展问题世界峰会要求采取所有级别的行动,加快制定处理压载水中入侵外来物种的措施。随着人们环境保护意识的不断增强,人们越来越清楚地意识到,船舶压载水和沉积物的无节制排放已经导致有害水生物和病原体的转移,对环境、人类健康,财产和资源造成损害或伤害。为处理有害水生物和病原体的转移,[第一段] 相似文献
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无压载水舱船舶的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了保证船舶空载时的平衡和稳性,船舶需要装载压载水航行,以达到降低船舶重心的目的.但是,压载水舱的海水排放出去,会造成海洋生态污染.为了彻底解决压载水带来非本土水生物种的问题,最近几年国外科研人员提出了具有创新思想的无压载水舱船舶概念.本文介绍了这一新技术的研究概况,希望有助于国内无压载水舱船舶的研究以及设计开发. 相似文献
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阐述船舶压载水的危害和国际公约的建立以及我国为之付出的努力,明确完善船舶压载水有关公约建议,并提出加入公约应采取的措施:(1)加强船舶压载水管理立法工作;(2)明确公约履约主管部门;(3)进行全面、深入研究,包括港口国监督程序、船舶压载水取样和分析标准、船舶沉积物接收设施配备、港口国检查官培训、有害水生生物及病原体的风险评估等。 相似文献
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船舶压载水取样方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍前南斯拉夫学者Matej David等提出的一种新型船舶压载水取样方法,尝试通过消防系统的取样方法,对压载水取样点的选取、取样设备和取样方法的选择以及对抽样管系的设计提出经验分析。 相似文献
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In this paper, added resistances acting on a hull of non ballast water ship(NBS) in high waves is discussed. The non ballast water ships were developed at the laboratory of the authors at Osaka Prefecture University, Japan. In the present paper, the performances of three kinds of bow shapes developed for the NBS were theoretically and experimentally investigated to find the best one in high waves. In previous papers, an optimum bow shape for the NBS was developed in calm water and in moderated waves. For a 2 m model for experiments and computations, the wave height is 0.02 m. This means that the wave height is 15% of the draft of the ship in full load conditions. In this paper, added resistances in high waves up to 0.07 m for a 2 m model or 53% of the full load draft are investigated. In such high waves linear wave theories which have been used in the design stage of a ship for a long time may not work well anymore, and experiments are the only effective tool to predict the added resistance in high waves. With the computations for waves, the ship is in a fully captured condition because shorter waves, λ/Lpp0.6, are assumed. 相似文献
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In this research,a commercial CFD code "Fluent" was applied to optimization of bulbous bow shape for a non ballast water ships(NBS).The ship was developed at the Laboratory of the authors in Osaka Prefecture University,Japan.At first,accuracy of the CFD code was validated by comparing the CFD results with experimental results at towing tank of Osaka Prefecture University.In the optimizing process,the resistances acting on ships in calm water and in regular head waves were defined as the object function.Following features of bulbous bow shapes were considered as design parameters: volume of bulbous bow,height of its volume center,angle of bow bottom,and length of bulbous bow.When referring to the computed results given by the CFD like resistance,pressure and wave pattern made by ships in calm water and in waves,an optimal bow shape for ships was discovered by comparing the results in the series of bow shapes.In the computation on waves,the ship is in fully captured condition because shorter waves,λ/Lpp 0.6,are assumed. 相似文献
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按压载水管理公约第18条规定,本公约将自第30个国家(其合计商船吨位占世界商船总吨位的35%)交存批准、接受、核准或加入文件之日12个月后生效。截止2009年5月31日,只有18个国家(其合计商船吨位只占世界商船总吨位的15.36%)交存了相关文件,故公约尚未生效,预计还需5至10年才能生效。但为了保护我国的海洋环境免遭压载水的污染,我们必须提前做好其生效的准备,并在适当时加入公约。公约规定,在通常情况下,压载水排放只能按照《船舶压栽水和沉积物控制和管理规则》(简称“规则”)的各项规定进行。 相似文献
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在紫外光照射下,二氧化钛(TiO2)光催化剂产生电子-空穴对,与其表面吸附的OH-和H2O分子反应生成具有强氧化性的羟基自由基,破坏藻细胞的细胞膜等保护结构而使之灭活。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法+粉末法制备了TiO2/氧化石墨烯(GO)薄膜,检验其对灭活海水中微绿球藻的效果。实验表明,相比TiO2薄膜,采用TiO2/GO薄膜杀灭微绿球藻具有显著的效果,灭活效率大大提高,2h内灭活效率接近100%;初始处理速率特别高,约640cells/min。 相似文献
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