基于鲁棒自适应扰动观测器的船舶航向保持控制器设计

针对受外界海洋环境扰动的欠驱动船舶航向保持控制问题,设计一种基于鲁棒自适应扰动观测器的船舶航向保持控制算法。通过Lyapunov理论,证明设计的控制器半全局一致最终有界稳定(Semi-Global Uniform and Ultimately Bounded, SGUUB)。以"育鲲"轮为船舶模型,建立考虑外界干扰的非线性Nomoto数学模型,在4级海况下进行航向保持仿真试验,并且与已有的控制算法进行对比,仿真结果表明:在达到稳定之后,基于鲁棒自适应扰动观测器的船舶航向保持器能使舵机操舵频率明显下降,舵机损耗较低,进一步验证提出的控制器算法具有较好的控制效果和鲁棒性。     

Anti-disturbance optimal coverage control of ASVs北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对固定的海洋区域,研究欠驱动水面无人船(ASV)集群的抗干扰最优覆盖控制问题。[方法]首先,在运动学层级,基于邻居ASV位置和环境密度信息进行Voronoi分配,设计欠驱动ASV运动学制导律,引导ASV运动到最优目标点;然后,考虑复杂海洋环境下ASV模型的不确定性以及风浪流引起的外部扰动,在动力学层级设计一种固定时间扩张状态观测器(FTESO),并基于FTESO设计固定时间的动力学控制律。[结果]稳定性分析结果表明了ASV集群的抗干扰最优覆盖控制闭环系统的误差是有界的,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。[结论]通过采用该抗干扰最优覆盖控制器,ASV集群可以在任意的初始位置实现对目标区域的最优覆盖。     

基于模糊规则的鲁棒预测舵减摇控制北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对模型预测控制(MPC)中因权重值固定所导致的欠驱动船舶在舵减摇时对转向的响应较慢的问题,提出一种基于有限时间扩张状态观测器(FTESO)、模糊控制规则和鲁棒预测控制的舵减摇控制器设计方法。[方法]首先,建立固定航速欠驱动船舶线性模型用于控制器设计,FTESO用于观测船舶运动状态和外部扰动;然后,通过对船舶在航向保持和变航向的情况进行分析,设计这2种情况下的目标函数权重,并建立状态观测值与目标函数权重之间的模糊规则,随后采用鲁棒预测控制解决带约束的多目标协同控制问题;最后,以一艘多用途舰艇为例进行数值仿真分析。[结果]结果显示,在航向改变情况下,对比扰动补偿模型预测控制和扰动观测器强化模型预测控制,发现减摇效果分别提升了5.74%和0.8983%,对于30°的转向的响应时间分别减少了1.8和7.3 s,证明了所设计控制方法的闭环稳定性。[结论]研究表明,所提方法在欠驱动船舶减摇方面是有效的。     

Survey of ship platoon cooperative control北大核心CSCD

船舶列队是未来水路运输的重要方式。分析船舶列队协同控制的特点和原理;从船−岸协同交互、列队控制模型、列队运动控制、列队典型应用等4个方面分别进行现状分析与梳理。总结当前船舶列队控制技术瓶颈,包括人机共驾控制、列队控制运动不确定性建模、列队协同控制一致性、通信受限下船舶列队鲁棒控制及一致性控制等。最后,指出未来的船舶列队协同控制发展,应重点解决基于数据驱动与机理融合的列队运动建模、基于生物群体机制的船舶列队控制、基于分层控制的船舶列队控制等关键问题。     

Monocular visual servo-based stabilization control of underactuated unmanned surface vehicle北大核心CSCD

［Objectives ］ Aiming at the accurate posture stabilization problem of an under-actuated unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in GPS-denied environments, a monocular visual servo stabilization control scheme is proposed based on homography.［Methods］By virtue of the homography decomposition technique, posture errors with an unknown scale factor are directly reconstructed from current and desired images, which thoroughly removes the calibration of extrinsic camera parameters and priori information on visual targets; with respect to the under-actuation constraint, a periodic function to persistently excite the yaw angle is incorporated into the continuous time-variant output feedback controller, allowing the USV to be stabilized in the absence of image depth, movement velocities and model parameters.［Results］Under the framework of the Lyapunov theory, the closed-loop visual servo system of the USV is rigorously proven to be asymptotically stable by Barbalat lemma.［Conclusions］By installing an onboard monocular camera, USV posture errors can be precisely stabilized with the aid of the proposed visual servo strategy, providing significant technique support for practical applications including docking, berthing, dynamic positioning, etc. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of underwater vehicle with X-rudder configuration coupling with incidence and rudder angle北大核心CSCD

[目的]X形艉布局的水下航行体及操纵策略特殊,受主体姿态角影响的X形艉舵特性与十字形艉布局的不同。[方法]基于SUBOFF模型的X形艉布局方案,通过数值计算分析变单舵、变单舵耦合攻角以及变单舵耦合漂角时的操纵性水动力特性,并按照现有的船标推荐公式,对舵角/姿态角耦合下的操纵性水动力特性进行拟合研究。[结果]结果表明,X形艉水下航行体变单舵时,舵与主体间存在较强的相互作用,使得两个正交平面内的水动力(矩)存在差异;区别于无主体姿态角时的X舵水动力特性,耦合主体姿态角后的X舵水动力特性明显受到主体的影响。在研究的姿态角及舵角范围内,右上舵和左下舵舵效分别随姿态角的增大而减小和增大。舵导数相对变化量值最大达16%。[结论]研究结果可为X形艉水下航行体操控及仿真评估分析提供参考。     

船舶航向自动保持控制及设计

针对非线性船舶航向控制系统,将Line of Sight(LOS)引导律与滑模控制算法相结合,设计一种航向保持滑模控制算法,通过设计合理的李雅普诺夫函数及利用其稳定性理论对系统的稳定性进行了分析,并利用"育龙"轮运动数学模型进行计算机模拟仿真,验证设计思想的可行性和控制算法的合理性及有效性。仿真结果表明,控制算法可以保证航向控制系统的渐近收敛及稳定,根据该控制算法所设计的控制器,能够使船舶航向精确的保持在预定航向上,具有优良的控制效果。     

基于神经网络的鲁棒自适应舵减摇控制北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对存在系统未知非线性函数和外界随机扰动的欠驱动水面船舶舵减摇控制问题,提出一种基于多层循环神经网络的自适应非奇异快速终端滑模舵减摇控制器。[方法]首先,针对传统滑模控制中存在的奇异性和收敛性问题,引入非奇异快速终端滑模面,并在假设船舶模型已知的情况下设计滑模控制律;接着,对传统径向基神经网络进行改进,并利用改进后的神经网络去逼近系统未知非线性函数,以解决船舶航行时模型难以确立的问题,提高控制精度;然后,应用Lyapunov理论证明闭环系统的稳定性和有限时间收敛性,并推导出神经网络参数的自适应律;最后,对一艘多用途海军舰艇进行数值仿真分析。[结果]结果显示,当船舶处于航向保持工况时,所提出的控制器减摇率为50.41%,与非奇异快速终端滑模控制器相比提升了19.2%;当船舶处于变航向工况时,所提出的控制器减摇率为23.46%,与非奇异快速终端滑模控制器相比提升了12.59%。[结论]该方法可以为欠驱动船舶舵减摇控制设计提供参考。     

Finite-time ship formation control based on extended state observer北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了解决大多数船舶编队控制算法控制周期长和时效性差的问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的有限时间控制策略。[方法]采用一种非线性终端滑模算法,通过对控制律分区域设计,克服传统终端滑模存在的奇异性问题;将非线性终端滑模与图论结合,实现有限时间的船舶编队控制;利用扩张状态观测器观测并补偿船舶模型中的不确定性及外界的干扰,以保证船舶编队控制的精确性;运用Lyapunov理论验证船舶编队控制律的稳定性。[结果]仿真结果表明,采用所提控制策略使整个编队系统误差在5 s左右趋近于0,从而实现了稳定。[结论]该控制策略能有效控制船舶编队,且控制速度快、时效性好。     

Fuzzy sliding mode control method for vertical motion of autonomous underwater gliders北大核心CSCD

［Objective］This paper proposes a fuzzy sliding mode controller based on T-S fuzzy logic for the vertical plane motion control of an autonomous underwater glider (AUG) with limited actuator capability. ［Methods］In the fuzzy sliding mode controller, the fuzzy switching rate is used to replace the switching rate in the fixed time controller to effectively suppress buffeting. The fuzzy switching rate is obtained by fitting the switching rate of the fixed time controller with T-S fuzzy rules. Based on the limited capabilities of AUG actuators, a saturation auxiliary system is designed to improve the actuator saturation effect. Finally, the performance of the system is verified by Lyapunov stability analysis and numerical simulation. ［Results］The results show that the AUG under the fuzzy sliding mode controller and the saturation auxiliary system can converge in finite time. The effectiveness of the fuzzy sliding mode controller and the saturation auxiliary system are verified by numerical simulation. ［Conclusions］By making comparisons with the fixed-time controller, it is verified that the two controllers have similar control performance, and the buffeting of the fuzzy sliding mode controller is lesser. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

Key technologies of ship remote control system in inland waterways under ship-shore cooperation conditions北大核心CSCD

［Objective ］ To meet the requirements of remotely controlling ship in curved, narrow and crowded inland waterways, this paper proposes an approach that consists of CNN-based algorithms and knowledge based models under ship-shore cooperation conditions. ［Method］On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of ship-shore cooperation, the proposed approach realizes autonomous perception of the environment with visual simulation at the core and navigation decision-making control based on deep reinforcement learning, and finally constructs an artificial intelligence system composed of image deep learning processing, navigation situation cognition, route steady-state control and other functions. Remote control and short-time autonomous navigation of operating ships are realized under inland waterway conditions, and remote control of container ships and ferries is carried out. ［Results］The proposed approach is capable of replacing manual work by remote orders or independent decision-making, as well as realizing independent obstacle avoidance, with a consistent deviation of less than 20 meters. ［Conclusions］The developed prototype system carries out the remote control operation demonstration of the above ship types in such waterways as the Changhu Canal Shenzhou line and the Yangtze River, proving that a complete set of algorithms with a CNN and reinforcement learning at the core can independently extract key navigation information, construct obstacle avoidance and control awareness, and lay the foundation for inland river intelligent navigation systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

Situation and prospects of shipboard integrated power system reconfiguration technology北大核心CSCD

当前,船舶综合电力系统(IPS)正朝着复杂化、模块化、自动化方向发展,研究快速、稳定、能够应对各种突发状况的船舶综合电力系统重构技术对保障船舶安全和可靠航行具有重要意义。首先,综述当前国内外在船舶综合电力系统重构技术方面的研究进展,讨论集中式重构和分布式重构的特点,并对数学优化算法、启发式算法、人工智能算法等进行归纳总结;然后,分析面对多重并发故障时重构技术所面临的困难与挑战,提出需重点关注混杂系统建模和分层分布式重构框架的建立;最后,从重构模型建立、算法优化、分布式架构等方面对未来船舶综合电力系统重构的发展提出设想和建议。     

Experimental research on dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness for longitudinal vibration control of propulsion shafting system北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］In order to control the first longitudinal vibration mode of propulsion shafting systems, a dynamic vibration absorber with disc spring negative stiffness is proposed and its experimental verification carried out. ［Methods］A test bench is established for the propulsion shafting system containing a dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness. According to the first longitudinal vibration mode of the shafting, a dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness integrated into the thrust bearing is developed. Vibration transmission tests under different rotational speeds, static thrusts and negative stiffness are then carried out, and acceleration response data on the thrust bearing foundation and shafting is obtained. ［Results ］ The results show that the developed dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness can achieve vibration suppression of 7.8 dB for the thrust bearing foundation in the first longitudinal mode of the propulsion shafting with a mass ratio of 1.6%, and the vibration control effect of the negative stiffness dynamic vibration absorber is maintained at 3.3 dB when the natural frequency changes by 5% and the thrust changes by 40%. The vibration response on the thrust bearing foundation and shafting do not deteriorate even at non-optimal negative stiffness. ［Conclusions］This study shows that a dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness can effectively suppress vibration transmission at the first longitudinal mode of a shafting under different rotational speeds. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.