汽车空调制冷剂R134a取代R12的分析研究

R134a是一种对大气臭氧层没有破坏作用且化学性质稳定的制冷产品，R134a替代R12是可行的、必须的。通过对R12与R134a性质的对比，可总结出制冷剂替换后对汽车空调系统产生的影响及相对应的一些改变。     

船用制冷装置制冷剂R12及其替代物的比较研究

由于制冷剂R12破坏臭氧层而受到禁用的日期愈来逾近，因此，在船用制冷装置中原来应用的R12必须由合适的制冷来替代。目前不少远洋船舶上已用R22替代R12，但是有些装置是不适合用R22的。本对R12及其几种主要替代物的对比及分析、研究作为今后替代R12时的参考。     

深入分析关系R的性质

离散数学中的关系R是一个重要的基本概念.根据定义在一个集合A上的关系R的六个性质的英文定义,利用蕴含式的逻辑特点,从有序对和关系R的矩阵MR两个角度对每个性质逐一进行分析,得出在判定关系R的性质时可用的结论,并且分析了自反性与非自反性之间、对称性与反对称性之间、对称性与非对称性之间、非自反性和反对称性以及非对称性之间的联系.     

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当私家车的使用可与公共交通结合时,人们会更倾向于乘坐公共交通出行. 因此,P+R（停车换乘系统）在为公共交通吸引客流的同时也为公共交通的运营起到重要的作用. 在建立和运营P+R系统时,制定合理的用户收费政策是诸多影响因素之一. 事实上,收费政策作为调节手段之一,利用其鼓励或约束停车场的各类用户,将有助于交通部门管理和经营P+R设施. 基于社会经济水平,本文为确定停车设施最优定价方案提供了一种新方法. 结合遗传算法,本文利用财务分析模型确定了P+R设施最优定价方案参数. 该模型应用于希腊雅典地铁网络的P+R设施. 结果表明,该模型可在短时间内提供近似最优定价方案. 另外,本文还在方便用户的计算机框架下结合该模型开发了相应决策支持系统.     

基于三阶Rényi熵的核参数优化

在Cohen类时频分布中,为使减小交叉项与保持高的时频聚集性二者之间达到最佳折中,提出了一种基于三阶Rényi熵的核参数优化算法.根据三阶Rényi熵对交叉项的近似不变性,通过搜索三阶Rényi熵随核参数变化曲线下降由快变慢的转折点,可以获得最优核参数.理论分析和仿真结果表明:根据三阶Rényi熵对核参数进行优化,可以使核函数与信号达到最佳匹配,从而得到高性能的时频分布.     

深入分析关系R的性质

离散数学中的关系R是一个重要的基本概念。根据定义在一个集合A上的关系R的六个性质的英文定义,利用蕴含式的逻辑特点,从有序对和关系R的矩阵M_R两个角度对每个性质逐一进行分析,得出在判定关系R的性质时可用的结论,并且分析了自反性与非自反性之间、对称性与反对称性之间、对称性与非对称性之间、非自反性和反对称性以及非对称性之间的联系。     

大城市P＆R系统选择行为调查初步分析——以北京市为例

停车换乘(Park&Ride,P&R)选择意向调查是建立高效的P&R系统、促进个体出行方式向P&R系统转移的基础步骤.本文以在北京市建立P&R系统为目标,通过在北京市区停车场进行的停车行为调查,在分析了当前的通勤交通状况的基础上,重点分析了在不同假设换乘条件下的P&R系统选择意向及相关出行者的特性.分析结果表明P&R系统选择意向与出行费用和时间有着显著的关系,并且不同职业、收入等群体的P&R系统选择意向也不尽相同.本文分析结果对于P&R系统决策具有参考价值.     

基于改进R/S估计算法的网络流量长相关性分析

R/S估计算法被广泛应用于随机信号的长相关性分析,但存在准确性和计算效率不高的缺点,很难应用于信号的长相关性的实时分析.为了提高传统R/S估计算法的准确度和计算效率,基于R/S估计算法中重新标度的方法进行了优化,并采用分数阶高斯噪声序列和真实的网络流量数据对算法进行验证.结果表明改进R/S估计算法在准确度和计算效率上都...     

关于汽车空调制冷不足的探讨

1汽车空调制冷概述 汽车空调是利用R12或是R134a压缩释放的瞬间体积急剧膨胀就要吸收大量热能的原理制冷。压缩机往往是安装在发动机上,并用皮带驱动,冷凝器安装在汽车散热器的前方,而蒸发器在车里面,工作时从蒸发器出来的低压气态制冷剂流经压缩机变成高压高温气体,     

甲状腺癌患者血清中SIL-2R测定的临床意义

测定 59例甲状腺良、恶性疾病患者血清中可溶性白介素 受体 (SIL- 2 R)。结果显示 :甲状腺癌患者血清中 SIL- 2 R明显高于良性疾病组及对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。良性腺瘤及结节性甲状腺肿与对照组间无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5)。甲状腺癌术后 5～ 1 0 d血清中 SIL- 2 R较术前增高 ,可能与术前血清中 SIL- 2 R高水平及手术干扰机体免疫有关。术后约 2 0 d基本降至正常。甲状腺癌血清中 SIL- 2 R升高与甲状腺癌的病理类型无明显关系。提示检测血清中 SIL- 2 R对判别甲状腺疾病良、恶性 ,估计疗效及预后有一定临床意义     

Convective Boiling of Near-Azeotropic Refrigerant R410A in the Horizontal Micro-fin Tube

Using near-azeotropic refrigerant R410A as the working fluid, the experimental studies on the horizontal micro-fin tubes were conducted. Several factors affecting heat transfer coefficients were analyzed, and the characteristics of flow boiling of the refrigerant in the horizontal micro-fin tubes were discussed. The local heat transfer coefficients increase with mass flux, heat flux and quality. And the heat transfer enhancement factor of those testing tubes is about 1.6 to 2.2.     

汽车空调维修制冷剂作业技术规范的研究

汽车空调制冷剂的释放与泄漏,其中的60％与汽车空调的维修有关,主要是人为释放和自然泄漏,它造成了对环境的污染。通过对汽车空调维修特点及制冷剂使用的分析,研究提出制冷剂回收、净化、加注、检验作业等技术规范．能够遏制制冷剂的释放与消耗,是汽车维修业保护臭氧层、减少温室气体排放的有效措施。     

A New Experimental Rig of Testing Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Refrigerant and Lubricant Mixture

This paper proposed a new experimental rig of testing flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture. The quantity of oil in the test section can be controlled and regulated conveniently and accurately by connecting separate lubricant oil circuit with test section in parallel. It was built up by retrofitting a multiple air-conditioner and installing three oil-separators in serials at the compressor outlet. And so the lubricant oil in the discharged refrigerant gas of compressor can be removed completely. The refrigerant flow rate through test section can be bypassed by the by-path circuit of indoor unit. This experimental rig has advantages such as on-line and continuous oil injection, short time of obtaining stability, flexible operation, simple control, which lead to high efficiency in the research of flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture.     

汽车空调制冷剂回收机理及方法的实现

介绍了国家环保总局汽车空调CFC-12制冷剂回收培训项目的背景、意义,及广东交通职业技术学院在该项目中所做的工作。阐明了汽车空调CFC-12制冷剂回收的机理与方法,经实践证明,该回收方法具有良好的操作性及较大的推广价值。     

Effect of Header Configuration on Refrigerant Distribution in Parallel Flow Microchannel Evaporators

The refrigerant flow distribution in the parallel flow microchannel evaporators is experimentally investigated to study the effect of header configuration.Six different configurations are tested in the same evaporator by installing insertion device and partition plate in the header to ensure the consistency of the other structure parameters.The results show that the uniformity of refrigerant flow distribution and the heat transfer rate are greatly improved by reducing the sectional area of header.The heat transfer rate can increase by 67.93% by reducing the sectional area of both inlet and outlet headers.The uniformity of refrigerant flow distribution and the heat transfer rate become worse after installing the partition plate in the insertion devices and changing the inner structure of the header further.     

POLYNOMIAL CURVE FITTING METHOD FOR REFRIGERANT THERMODYNAMIC SATURATION PROPERTIES

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Experimental research and optimization on the environmental friendly R1234yf refrigerant in automobile air conditioning system

Currently, the refrigerant used in the automotive air conditioning system is R134a which has a high global warming potential (GWP) value, so people are eager to find a good replacement for it. According to recent studies, R1234yf is considered as one of the top candidates to replace R134a. In this article, the performances of R1234yf “drop-in” system and the optimization to the R1234yf system are experimentally studied and investigated. The expansion valve used for the R1234yf system is optimized by changing the charged fluid and adjusting the spring force. The results indicate that it can improve the performance of R1234yf system significantly through adjusting the thermostatic expansion valve. For the thermostatic expansion valves (TEVs) charged with R134a in thermal bulb, the system performance is optimal. Compared to the original expansion valve, for the R1234yf system applying the adjusted expansion valves, under different working conditions the cooling capacity increases by 11.3% averagely and the coefficient of performance (COP) increases by 8% averagely.     

DETERMINATIONSOFREFRIGERANTCHARGEOFAREFRIGERATORWHENREFRIGERANTISREPLACEDBYR134aORR152a

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