Collapase analysis of ship hulls

This paper presents an efficient finite element procedure for the collapse analysis of ship hulls under complicated loads. A set of finite elements, such as beam-column elements, stiffened plate elements, and shear panel elements are developed, directly accounting for the geometrical and material non-linearities and initial imperfections.

Elastic-plastic stiffness matrices for elements have been derived by combining elastic large displacement analysis theories with a plastic hinge model. The buckling and post-buckling behaviour of plates is included using an effective width concept. The procedure is effective, since few mode-points are necessary and numerical integration for evaluating stiffness matrices is avoided. Fracture mechanics criteria are introduced in order to account for tension tearing rupture and brittle failure of the material.

Practical applications to ultimate longitudinal strength analysis of ship hulls and tanker collision analysis are presented. The procedure can also be used for collapse analysis of offshore and onshore structures.     

Neural localization of acoustic emission sources in ship hulls

In this paper a radial-basis-function neural network is used to localize acoustic emission events in ship hulls. It is shown that using a tiny network configuration and a small set of robust features, selected automatically by the K-means algorithm from a superset of 90 signal parameters, the location of a single event can be classified efficiently into three typical areas found in ship hulls. In simulation experiments, where a stiffened plate model is partially sunk into the water, the localization rate of acoustic emission events in a noise-free environment is 100% using four sensors and only four features per sensor. In the proposed method, the feature set is adapted and estimated automatically in cases of noisy environments. Robust acoustic emission localization rates, greater than 90%, are achieved using less than ten features per sensor in case of additive white Gaussian noise at 0 dB SNR or more.     

Numerical study of ice-induced loads on ship hulls

A numerical model is introduced in this paper to investigate both global and local ice loads on ship hulls. This model is partly based on empirical data, by which the observed phenomena of continuous icebreaking can be well reproduced. In the simulation of a full-scale icebreaking trial, the interdependence between the ice load and the ship’s motion is considered, and the three degree-of-freedom rigid body equations of surge, sway and yaw are solved by numerical integration. The variations in the level ice thickness and in the strength properties of ice can also be taken into account. The simulated ice loads on ship hulls are discussed through two case studies, in which the ship’s performance, the statistics of ice-induced frame loads, and the spatial distribution of ice loads around the hull are analyzed and compared with field measurements. As far as we know the present paper is the first to integrate all the features above. It is hoped that further studies on this numerical model can supplement the field and laboratory measurements in establishing a design basis for the ice-going ships especially for ships navigating in the first-year ice.     

基于NURBS曲面插值的船体曲面重构

  目的  当前常规的船体曲面设计局限于现有母型船设计空间,并且不能以足够少的参数驱动生成设计船型。为了解决上述问题,  方法  将吃水函数与NURBS方法相结合,提出船舶自行设计垂向参数化方法。以船体水线为基本设计单元,以平底线、设计水线、首尾轮廓线、平边线及最大横剖线为特征约束,以特征参数对应的吃水函数值为设计目标,建立水线逼近模型。可应用进化算法对该逼近模型进行求解,最后通过蒙皮法生成船体曲面。  结果  相关特征线的设计实例表明了该方法的实用性和先进性。  结论  应用该方法可以通过尽可能少的数据量完成船体曲面设计,且更适用于新船型的自行设计。     

Reliability assessment of maintained ship hulls with correlated corroded elements

This paper reviews the factors that affect the corrosion rate of the ship hull girder. It is shown that corrosion rates vary as a function of the location of the element in the structure, of the ocean area and type of ballast tank and steel. However, the corrosion rate in elements that are subjected to similar conditions is highly correlated.

A time-variant formulation is proposed including the correlation between the corrosion rates in neighbouring elements in modelling the degrading effect that corrosion has on the reliability of ship hulls. The effect of corrosion is represented as a time-dependent decrease of plate thickness that affects the midship section modulus. One repair policy was considered and the example results show the effect of plate replacement when its thickness reaches 75% of the original value. The results also illustrate how the limit value of the thickness in the repair criteria influences the reliability and the decision about repair actions. This is also shown for the effect of different corrosion rates, inspection intervals, and allowable stresses.     

Prediction of hydrodynamic coefficients of ship hulls by high-order Godunov-type methods

Numerical simulations of incompressible flows, with and without free surface, by means of high-order Godunov-type schemes are presented; the results are compared with the second-order essentially nonoscillatory (ENO) scheme, already implemented and extensively used by the authors for the simulation of flows around ship hulls. Uncertainty assessment and convergence properties are discussed for two practical test cases: the steady and unsteady laminar flow past a NACA 0012 profile with and without incidence, and the steady free surface flow past a ship hull at model Reynolds number. The analysis is aimed to highlight advantages and drawbacks of the numerical schemes considered herein. This work was presented in part at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering—MARINE 2007, Barcelona, June 3–4, 2007.     

破损船体极限强度非线性有限元分析

本文基于通用有限元系统,结合船体破损机理和初始缺陷处理方法,建立船体极限强度非线性有限元分析的完整框架.利用对水面舰船和双壳油船极限强度模型试验的比较验证,合理解决非线性有限元分析的关键技术,并对完整和破损船体极限强度进行非线性有限元法分析.然后,在模型试验和非线性有限元分析的基础上提出面向设计的适合破损船体和双向弯曲状态的船体极限强度分析的改进解析方法.     

Reliability analysis of ship hulls made of composite materials under sagging moments

An approach is presented to assess the reliability of ship hulls made of composite materials under sagging moments. Buckling, first-ply failure, and ultimate collapse are regarded as the three possible failure modes of ship hulls of composite materials under sagging moments. Reliability estimates were carried out by a combination of the first-order second-moment method and the response surface methodology. A ship hull of composite materials under sagging moments was evaluated and the results showed that the effects on reliability estimates of the model uncertainty in the longitudinal strength of the ship hull, the model uncertainty of the sagging moments, and the sagging moments were significant, whereas the influences of the stochastic characteristics of material elastic moduli were relatively unimportant.     

Dilated-polyhedron-based DEM analysis of the ice resistance on ship hulls in escort operations in level ice

The ice resistance on ships in escort operations in level ice are investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). A dilated polyhedron—generated by the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a polyhedron—is employed in the DEM; this dilated polyhedron-based DEM (DPDEM) is adopted to simulate the ship–ice interaction, wherein the contact force and bond-failure criterion are considered for the collision and fracture of sea ice, respectively. A three-point bending test was simulated with DPDEM, and a field test was conducted in the Bohai Sea to validate the DEM results. Further, a parametric analysis of flexural strength was conducted to identify the parameters involved in the bond-failure criterion. The ice resistance on icebreakers and cargo ships in level ice are simulated using DPDEM. The simulated ice resistances are compared with the Lindqvist and Riska formulas and the model test, which proves the validity of the DEM simulation. The interaction between ships and level ice is simulated parametrically to investigate the ice resistance on cargo ships with and without the icebreaker escort. Influencing factors such as ship speed, ice thickness, and ship breadth were examined to investigate the ice resistance on the escorted cargo ship. Analysis and change rules of the ice resistance on cargos affected by those factors were given.     

441kW双体运输船的轴系拉线找正工艺

与同一船体的双轴系相比,双体船的双轴系、舵系由于分属于两个相距较远的片体,因而对轴系中心线、舵系中心线的拉线找正来讲,存在着一定的难度;尤其是在本船的设计吃水较浅,船艉下部无法安装镗床,无法对前后艉轴承进行一次性加工的情况下,对拉线找正工作结合实际情况另辟途径。     

船舶运动辨识建模研究现状与展望

辨识建模是船舶运动建模的主要方法之一.当前的船舶运动辨识建模以参数辨识为主要形式,本文通过文献回顾,归纳总结了参数可辨识性、辨识模型、辨识算法和辨识数据等4个方面的研究成果.分析指出当前存在辨识数据局限性、理论支撑不足和工程应用欠缺等问题,并就下一步在数据处理、理论完备性、非参数辨识和在线辨识方面的研究前景进行了展望.     

虚拟现实中的船用离心泵拆装建模技术

采用虚拟现实技术实现了对船用离心泵的虚拟拆装。利用3DSMAX和Creator软件建立三维模型,在分析了3DSMAX和Muhi Gen Creator各自的优点和不足的基础上,以模型制作过程为例,得出在构建船舶设备的零部件时,采用Creator软件更有优势,适合于后期Vega软件的调用和渲染。     

海上舰船横摇运动数学建模

为了研究船舶结构横摇动力学特性,提高船舶航行安全性,本文采用多体动力学方法,建立船舶横摇动力学模型,并给出船舶航行载荷的积分变换方法。通过采用Matlab软件编程计算,得到船身横摇动力学响应。同时计算结果与实际情况吻合较好,可为船舶结构设计提供参考。     

遗传算法在船舶建模与控制中的应用

通过分析基本遗传算法存在的问题对其进行改进。利用高级遗传算法对船舶运行模型中的参数进行控制,并且对航行过程遇到的干扰噪声进行处理,最后通过仿真实验对本文设计的算法和最小二乘法进行比较,实验结果表明,即使在噪声干扰下,本文算法识别精度仍然高,并且对激励的要求限制小。     

基于全船建模的航速对船首外飘砰击影响研究

建立二维楔形体入水模型,验证入水砰击仿真方法可靠性,对集装箱船体进行全船体建模,导入船体运动参数,增加船体的纵摇运动,采用一般耦合算法(General coupling),流体域用Euler单元模拟,船体设为刚体,划分为Lagrange有限元网格,对船体进行入水仿真。对比不同工况下的结果表明:全船模拟时船型纵向斜升角会发生变化,导致航速对船首入水砰击压力的影响较大,随着航速的增加,入水砰击压力变大,同时航速还会使砰击压力峰值位置发生变化。     

船—冰碰撞几何概率计算方法及影响因素研究

文章以特定海域内的典型航道作为研究对象,基于二维连续型随机变量的概率理论,并结合航天工程中复合体的概念,建立了船—冰碰撞几何概率计算的数学模型;同时应用Matlab编制了相关程序,计算了船—冰碰撞的几何概率;最后分析了船舶和浮冰尺寸以及船舶分布函数中的相关参数对于几何碰撞概率的影响,揭示了几何碰撞概率与各个参数之间的关系.     

基于全船建模的航速对船首外飘砰击影响研究

建立二维楔形体入水模型,验证入水砰击仿真方法可靠性,对集装箱船体进行全船体建模,导入船体运动参数,增加船体的纵摇运动,采用一般耦合算法(General coupling),流体域用Euler单元模拟,船体设为刚体,划分为Lagrange有限元网格,对船体进行入水仿真.对比不同工况下的结果表明:全船模拟时船型纵向斜升角会发生变化,导致航速对船首入水砰击压力的影响较大,随着航速的增加,入水砰击压力变大,同时航速还会使砰击压力峰值位置发生变化.     

受冲击舰船通信网络交汇信号节点滤波系统设计

传统的通信网络交汇信号节点滤波系统存在实时性较差的缺陷,为此提出受冲击舰船通信网络交汇信号节点滤波系统设计。通信网络交汇信号节点滤波系统硬件设计包括芯片选择、FPGA器件选择与滤波电路设计,软件设计包括FPGA程序设计、通信网络设计与信号节点滤波设计,通过硬件与软件的设计实现了通信网络交汇信号节点滤波系统的运行。通过实验得到,设计的通信网络交汇信号节点滤波系统信号处理时间比传统系统快了30 s,说明设计的通信网络交汇信号节点滤波系统具备极高的实时性与有效性。