大型集装箱码头方沉箱与大圆筒结构受力特点对比

本文以20万吨级自动化集装箱码头为例,运用大型通用有限元软件,对方沉箱码头和大圆筒码头结构进行整体建模,并对码头上部结构进行局部建模,研究组合载荷下的前趾应力和胸墙内力。研究结果表明：大圆筒码头前趾基床应力大、分布不均匀;而方沉箱码头基床应力小、分布相对均匀。大圆筒码头胸墙跨度大、悬臂长、弯矩大;而方沉箱码头胸墙弯矩小,且整体分布较均匀。对于大型重力式码头,方沉箱结构相比大圆筒结构受力更为合理。     

拼装式浮箱工程船船体及连接装置强度有限元分析

利用有限元分析软件MSC.PATRANNASTRAN对某拼装式浮箱工程船进行整船有限元分析。针对螺栓连接结构的分析,采用MPC模拟和实体模拟两种方法进行比较。结果表明,波浪中拱工况全船结构应力最大,且高应力发生在主浮箱前端壁附近的连接装置及船体结构处。采用实体单元模拟螺栓连接,能更有效地反映浮箱之间的连接特性,此方法更为合理。     

一种特殊双体船连结桥强度计算的简化方法

本文通过采用ANSYS5．6的结构静力学分析功能，对一种特殊双体船大圆筒下沉专用双体船连结桥进行强度计算，得到结构的应力分布。计算结果表明，最大应力143MPa发生在连接桥端部，强度满足要求。     

重力式码头抛石基床应力分析

现行规范中,计算重力式码头抛石基床应力时假定基床是刚性的,不考虑基床前、后方的土压力,只考虑基床自重和基顶应力向下的传播。随着大型重力式码头抛石基床深度的不断加大,基床前、后方的土压力也在不断的加大,现行规范这种计算方法与实际情况就存在较大的差异。通过系统的计算、研究,分析厚抛石基床前后方土压力对基床内应力分布的影响,根据有限元软件PLAXIS计算出应力分布规律,提出了一种采用3个应力控制点的更合理的改进计算方法。     

软基上半直立式水工护岸圆筒倾斜控制及治理措施探讨

为保证大连某水工护岸的景观效果,须将水下圆筒的倾斜控制在一定范围内。因此基于理论计算方法,在施工现场3个区段分别采用不同加载方案进行加载试验,积累了大量现场实测数据,并获取了圆筒两侧不均匀荷载引起圆筒倾斜发展的关键数据。通过分析该工程3种加载应力路径下圆筒倾斜发展的规律,提出在结合工期要求下,配合一定的倾斜治理措施,适当加快施工节奏的思路。     

堤防结构“自适应”混凝土衬砌数值模拟

针对堤防混凝土衬砌在外部荷载(水压力、浪压力以及其他荷载)发生破坏且其破坏位置主要发生在衬砌底部1/3处的问题,进行了对比分析研究,提出一种"自适应"的混凝土衬砌方式。采用有限元软件ADINA模拟在衬砌受力最大部位设置填充缝及填充柔性材料等方式削减应力,从而达到衬砌自身适应外部荷载变形的作用。结果表明:"自适应"衬砌方式不仅可以有效减小堤防的应力、应变,而且是一种实用简单可行的方法。     

深基槽重力式码头地基应力分布研究及基槽开挖优化

对于基槽较深的重力式码头,若按照《重力式码头设计与施工规范》进行基槽底宽设计,基槽开挖量和回填量较大。为此文章通过有限元计算,探讨了在不同深度、不同基槽外侧土体弹模和下卧层土体弹模、以及不同基顶应力和后方边载情况下的地基应力分布规律,发现在较深处,后趾处的地基竖向附加应力可能比前趾处大,上述规范可能会高估地基应力扩散范围及低估地基应力值。之后基于Boussinesq理论解,给出相应荷载和基槽深度下地基应力扩散角的计算表,可以据此对基槽的底宽进行优化,并提出一种采用4个控制点的地基应力简化计算方法。进一步提出不按应力扩散范围确定基槽底宽的优化设计方法,并指出两点注意点,一是底宽范围内可能会发生应力集中现象,二是基槽外两侧土体的承载力需要进行验算。     

悬臂拓扑优化结构强度刚度特性试验研究

本文以舰船舵叶内部钢质骨架结构优化设计为背景,以弯扭复杂载荷作用下悬臂含筋结构响应特性分析为对象,基于渐进结构拓扑优化方法进行计算分析,得到不同载荷作用下拓扑优化后的结构方案。然后采用FDM技术,分别制备了典型悬臂含筋结构及优化方案试验模型,并对不同方案模型强度及刚度特性试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:拓扑优化方案较典型结构方案质量减轻12.84%,且应力分布更均匀,位移变换更平缓,有效的提高了材料利用率。     

不同焊接顺序下加筋板变形及残余应力的三维有限元研究

针对焊接过程的二维有限元计算与实际情况存在一定差别的问题,使用三维热弹-塑性有限元法对不同焊接顺序下加筋板焊接过程进行了仿真,获得了加筋板焊接引起的温度场、位移场和应力场。结果表明：在4点约束条件下,加筋板横截面的变形为中垂变形,纵筋的变形为中拱变形,方案1横截面变形更小,方案2纵筋变形更小。焊接引起的加筋板残余应力主要表现为横向应力,其在近焊缝区为拉应力,达到材料屈服强度,远离焊缝区表现为压应力,达到0.2倍材料屈服强度。加强筋横向应力峰值出现在起弧端和收弧端,约为0.85倍材料屈服强度,纵向应力峰值出现在焊接起弧端,约为0.3倍材料屈服强度。在加筋板横截面位置,焊接顺序主要影响加强筋处的残余应力;在加强筋位置,焊接顺序主要影响纵向应力。每组焊缝同时同向焊接,且每根纵筋从左向右依次焊接的焊接方案产生更小的残余应力。     

铝/钢复合过渡接头焊接温度场及性能试验研究

本文通过试验方法对比研究了焊接热循环对三种应用于舰船铝合金、钢质结构连接的铝合金-钢复合过渡接头温度场及界面结合性能的影响。在前期研究的基础上,试样依次采用铝合金TIG焊、MIG焊实现过渡接头与铝合金板材之间的焊接。过渡接头复合界面的温度场及焊接前后界面结合性能测试结果表明：焊接热循环对过渡接头复合界面剪切强度及厚度方向的抗拉强度具有显著的影响。同一焊接条件下,焊接热循环在新型四层复合过渡接头界面上产生的温度峰值明显低于目前广泛应用的两种三层复合过渡接头,四层复合过渡接头焊接前后的性能也大大高于后者,即使采用小宽度焊接试样,其焊后性能仍能满足舰船设计指标要求。因此,是能满足“更高施焊温度、更大应力承载、结合界面更强和更高结构韧性”要求的新型铝合金、钢结构焊接连接用过渡接头。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。