缅甸土瓦海域的海浪模拟与分析

文章以欧洲中长期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的气象资料为基础,采用SWAN建立数值模型,模拟了缅甸土瓦海域波浪传播至近岸的过程。模型采用卫星高度计资料和现场实测资料同时进行验证,验证结果表明模拟结果与两种资料结果趋势均符合较好。该海域波浪传播至近岸海域受地形折射与岛屿链影响明显,外海WSW向浪入射时,受岛屿掩护近岸海域波高迅速减小,岸线北部区域波浪折向W向,而外海SSW向浪入射时,波高受岛链掩护不明显,波高相对减小缓慢,岸线南部波浪折向SW向。     

栾家口和蓬莱东港区波浪特性与掩护水域波况研究

根据龙口、蓬莱海洋站实测波浪资料,分析烟台港栾家口港区和蓬莱东港区的波浪特性,结果显示该海区属于以风浪为主、涌浪为辅的混合浪。利用TK-2D的PEM波浪数学模型模拟工程前波浪,得到工程区设计波要素,栾家口港区的强浪向是偏WNW向,蓬莱东港区的强浪向是偏NE向。利用MIKE21的BW方程波浪数学模型对平面布置方案下港内的波况进行模拟。在掩护水域由于采用直立式码头,波浪发生多次反射,码头前波高较大,为减小港内波高,对方案进行优化,采用高桩等反射率小的码头结构型式,可以消散港内波能,有效减小码头前波高。     

潜堤掩护水域波浪计算方法

采用波浪断面物理模型试验和数学模型耦合的方法,研究了抛石潜堤后方掩护水域的波浪计算方法。潜堤后方掩护水域波高由潜堤越浪后的再生波、潜堤间口门绕射波和小风区浪组成,其主要影响因素有潜堤结构形式、入射波浪要素、风区长度等。采用耦合模型,根据物理模型试验的结果,验证数模计算成果,考虑了越浪波高传递的沿程衰减,波浪相互作用时的能量损耗等因素,通过调整波浪破碎指标和波浪能量耗散参数,直接计算堤前设计波浪要素,计算结果更符合实际,为工程设计提供科学依据。     

大连长兴岛北港区波浪条件数值模拟研究

利用国际通用的MM5风场模式和SWAN浪场模式,通过推算影响工程海域的台风和寒潮大风天气过程,得到工程海域-30 m等深线处不同重现期设计波要素,然后采用MIKE 21 NSW和BW波浪数学模型,对工程规划方案设计波要素和港内波况进行了计算。结果表明:工程受N向和NNE向风浪影响相对较大,外海波浪传播至防波堤处无明显衰减;设计高水位重现期50 a时防波堤处最大H1%约7.3 m;防波堤对港内围堰掩护较好,建成后港内波浪条件明显改善。     

SWAN与CGWAVE嵌套模型在设计波要素计算中的联合应用

以舟山东福山岛码头为例,利用SWAN与CGWAVE建立的大、小范围波浪嵌套模型对码头附近海域进行波浪计算,经验证表明大范围计算结果准确性较好,从中提取-50 m等深线处波要素作为小范围边界条件,利用CGWAVE模型对码头附近海区进行小范围波浪计算,并提取码头前沿波要素并进行分析。研究结果表明SWAN与CGWAVE模型的联合应用在东福山岛码头设计波浪计算中具有良好的适应性,为港口工程的设计、建设提供了科学依据和理论借鉴。     

SWAN波浪模型在黄河三角洲海域的应用

为了能够在我国的黄河三角洲海域更好地应用考虑绕射作用的最新版本40.51的SWAN(Stimulating Wave Nearshore)模型,将适用于我国海域特点的文氏谱加入到该模型中,并且利用大连理工大学港口、海岸及国家重点实验室所作的波浪在双突堤传播变形的实验数据以及没有考虑绕射作用的SWAN以前版本的模型在黄河三角洲的数值模拟结果分别进行了验证和分析。结果表明:该模型的数值结果与实验数据趋势基本吻合;在波影区,波高与以前的SWAN模型相比平均高出0.1～0.3 m不等。     

透浪建筑物掩护水域波浪数值模拟研究

为了研究透浪水工结构掩护水域的波浪条件,采用MIKE21系列软件的BW模块及SWAN模型对假定工况下的波 浪传播进行了模拟。通过2组数值模拟结果与整体波浪物理模型试验结果的对比,比较了2种数值方法模拟掩护水域波浪条 件的可行性及适用性,然后采用SWAN模型模拟了12级风条件下潜堤掩护水域的风浪场,取得了较好的效果。     

威海船厂港域泊稳试验研究与数值模拟

针对威海船厂搬迁工程进行了港域波高物理模型试验研究。试验表明在2 a一遇波浪条件下大多数泊位满足泊稳要求,个别泊位不满足要求但相差不大。采用MIKE21-BW模型,考虑波浪的反射、绕射、破碎等物理现象建立近岸波浪数学模型,对港域单向不规则波传播变形过程进行数值模拟,将数值计算结果与试验结果进行比较。二者在港池外有效波高最大差值为0.29 m,港池内最大差值为0.1 m,吻合度较高,表明BW模型可用于威海船厂近岸波浪传播变形与泊稳计算。     

波浪在珊瑚礁坪上传播的水槽试验研究

为研究波浪在珊瑚礁上的传播规律,分析波浪传至礁缘后破碎及传播情况,为设计波要素的确定提供参考依据。试验模拟了常年平均波浪和重现期50 a两种波浪条件。试验结果表明:波浪沿传播方向在礁坪边缘附近破碎后继续向坪内传播,并达到波面稳定状态,礁坪上的波浪传播特性表现为礁缘处波浪易破碎和礁坪上波浪衰减较快;波浪破碎表现为行进波破碎,且小于波浪在一般缓坡地形上的破碎指标,破碎波高水深比(Hb/d)约为0.5附近,重现期50 a大浪时礁缘处最大可达0.76。     

长周期波影响下某海港工程码头布置方案比选

针对在长周期波海域码头前期设计阶段如何通过数值模拟改进平面布置、减小影响的问题进行研究。采用WW3海浪模型、MIKE21SW模块以及MIKE21BW模块对长周期波进行较为全面的模拟,并根据实测资料进行验证。模拟步骤可作为长周期波波浪模拟的一般操作流程。为了更好地揭示长周期波对船舶的响应影响,将综合波分离为短波要素（＜30 s）和长波要素（≥30 s）,并将Hs＜0.3 m作为初步判断标准。得出结论：码头布置需扩大掩护范围以阻挡长周期波主浪向,同时尽量缩减口门尺寸以降低长周期波输入能量进而降低港内波高。     

Use of 3D compartment model for simplified full ship FE model. Part I: construction of FE model

Classification societies cannot cover the torsional strength assessment with simple empirical formula as the size of a containership increases drastically over 10 000 TEU in recent years. Torsional strength of a container ship is very difficult to estimate with an analytical method due to its alternatively varying cross sections, i. e. an open and a closed section. This article proposes an approach to construct a simplified FE model using a 3D compartment model available from the beginning of ship design process. The model is cut to pieces of lots of small pieces of lines by a set of transverse, longitudinal and horizontal planes. Two algorithms are developed for mesh generation of internal structures; one for assembling the broken lines into closed loops and the other for automatically generating mesh from the loops. Another algorithm is proposed to generate mesh for outer hull using outermost nodes of the FE model built for internal members. The validity of the simplified model is discussed along with a beam theory based approach in J Mar Sci Technol (2008)     

Error correction of a predictive ocean wave model using local model approximation

Constructing models from time series with nontrivial dynamics is a difficult problem. The classical approach is to build a model from first principles and use it to forecast on the basis of the initial conditions. Unfortunately, this is not always possible. For example, in fluid dynamics, a perfect model in the form of the Navier–Stokes equations exists, but initial conditions and accurate forcing terms are difficult to obtain. In other cases, a good model may not exist. In either case, alternative approaches should be examined. This paper describes an alternative approach of combining observations and numerical model results in order to produce an accurate forecast. The approach is based on application of a method inspired by chaos theory for building nonlinear models from data called Local Models. Embedding theorem based on the time lagged embedded vectors is the basis for the local model. This technique is used for analysis and updating of numerical model output variables to forecast and correct the errors created by numerical model. The local model approximation is a powerful tool in the forecasting of chaotic time series and has been employed for wave prediction in a forecasting horizon from a few hours to 24 h. The efficacy of the local model as an error correction tool (by combining the model predictions with the observations) compared with the predictions of linear auto regressive models has been brought up. In the present study, the parameters driving the local model are optimized using evolutionary algorithms.     

Validation of vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm based on measurements at model scale

Wave-induced vessel motion prediction plays a critical role in ensuring safe marine operations. The operational limiting criteria can usually be calculated by applying presumed linearized vessel motion transfer functions based on the specified vessel loading condition, which may deviate from the real vessel condition when the operation is executed. Reducing the uncertainties of the onboard vessel loading condition can therefore improve the accuracy of vessel motion prediction and hence improve the safety and cost-efficiency for marine operations. However, parameters related to the onboard vessel loading condition can be difficult to measure directly, such as the center of gravity and moments of inertia. In addition, the hydrodynamic viscous damping terms are always subject to significant uncertainties and sometimes become critical for accurate vessel motion predictions. A very promising algorithm for the tuning of these important uncertain vessel parameters based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) that uses onboard vessel motion measurements and synchronous wave information was proposed and demonstrated previously by application to synthetic data. The present paper validates the UKF-based vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm by considering measurements from model-scale seakeeping tests. Validation analyses demonstrate rational tuning results. The observed random errors and bias in relation to the measurement functions due to the applied simplification and linearization in the seakeeping simulations can lead to biased tuning. The importance of designing the state space and the measurement space is demonstrated by case studies. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the uncertain vessel parameters and the vessel motions, the tuning is shown to be sensitive to the mean state vector and selection of the surrounding sigma points.     

导弹分段刚体模型和弹性体模型的动响应区别

针对目前一种新提出来的潜射导弹分段刚体模型的试验方案,通过求解在同一载荷作用下分段刚体模型与实际弹性体模型的动响应,来定量分析该模型试验所测得极大载荷值和实际情况下极大载荷的偏差.     

Use of a 3D compartment model for simplified full ship FE model. Part II: validation of the simplified FE model

This is Part II in a series of papers. Part I (J Mar Sci Technol 13:154–163) deals with an approach employed to construct a simplified FE model using a 3D compartment model available from the beginning of the ship design process. This paper begins by describing the limitations of an analytical approach based on shear warping beam theory for assessing torsional strength. Next, the structural parts of a container ship that have a negligible effect on hull girder bending strength and torsional strength are determined. This is verified by removing these parts from a conventional FE model and comparing the results obtained using this modified model with those yielded by the original model. The fore end part, the aft end part and the deck house are examined. Since these parts have complicated structures and relevant drawings for them are issued later than cargo structure drawings, modeling them exactly can result in a delay in the completion of the full ship FE model. This paper also verifies the validity of the simplified FE model built by applying the method proposed in Part I and comparing the results obtained with it with those given by a conventional full ship FE model. The stresses on hatch coaming top, the maximum diagonal elongations of the hatch coaming, and the maximum hatch corner movements are evaluated to check the validity of the simplified model.     

船闸闸首有限元模型土体指标取值的离心模型试验

以南水北调东线工程京杭运河八里湾船闸上闸首为原型,通过离心模型试验研究得到闸首结构在完建期工况下的结构变形以及地基反力,并依据离心试验的缩尺模型建立闸首有限元分析模型,采用参数反分析的方法拟定土体的弹性模量并进行有限元分析。将计算结果与离心模型试验值进行对比分析后得到土体指标在有限元软件中的最合理取值,可为类似地质条件的工程设计提供理论参考。     

港口锚地选址海域适用性评价及优化模型

合理的锚地选址可以保障船舶锚泊安全性,同时可以优化港口的平面布置,提高港口运营效率。总结解决锚地选址问题的现有方法,分析GIS技术在选址问题中的运用,明确锚地选址影响因素并建立综合评价指标体系,同时确定各指标权重值,通过海域适用性评价模型对所有栅格进行综合评价。基于海洋功能区划等约束条件,获得锚地选址的可行方案集,优化比选出最优方案。通过算例分析,验证本文提出的模型合理、可行,可作为锚地选址优化的一种方法。     

基于模型的耙吸挖泥船溢流损失估计及模型验证

对大型耙吸式挖泥船的装舱作业过程做了充分研究,重点解决了泥舱模型的溢流损失估计问题。利用多组实测数据,对3种泥舱沉积模型的估计效果进行了数据验证和评估分析,给出最终的评估结果。这一理论成果将应用于以后的挖泥船辅助决策和自动控制应用中。     

不同波导环境下反舰导弹末制导雷达捕捉能力分析

大气波导环境通过改变电磁波传播特征会影响反舰导弹末制导雷达对海面舰船目标的捕捉。在此针对地形抛物模式(TPEM)的不足及应用于分析末制导雷达时存在的误差,引入垂直递变衰减率计算方法对该模式进行了改进;结合雷达性能评估方法,利用试验对改进后的模式进行了验证;在不考虑信号处理的情况下,仿真分析了不同波导环境下末制导雷达对小目标的捕捉能力,并同时考虑了开机高度,制导频率带来的影响。     

船员综合素质指标量化模型

为提高航运企业经济效益和船舶航行安全性，根据不同技术参数的船舶对船员的实际技术要求建立船舶需求系数模型，针对船员个人情况建立员工素质模型，并为各类船舶对船员需求素质内容赋予不同的权重，在对船员各项素质指标进行量化的基础上，借助计算机辅助功能，为船舶制订最优船员调配计划。