我国水路交通行政执法存在的问题及改革建议

水路交通行政执法是交通行政管理的重要内容,它在保证国家有关水路交通运输的法律、法规、规章的贯彻执行,规范水运市场主体行为,维持水路交通秩序方面具有十分重要的作用。     

新《两规》的新变化

我国幅员辽阔,河海众多,存在着一个巨大的国内水路运输市场。水路运输活动需要有相应的规则进行规范,而我国除《海商法》对国际海上水路运输和沿海水路旅客运输进行调整外,国内水路货物运输和内河的水路旅客运输以及港口作业基本上是没有专门的法规进行调整的。交通部制定《国内水路货物运输规则》和《港口货物作业规则》(以下简称新《两规》)填补了这一空白,在一定程度上缓解了国内水路货物运输和港口作业无法可依的状况。《两规》是规范国内水路货物运输和港口作业行为的具有很长历史     

逃缴水运管理费现象面面观

对运输船舶征收水运管理费,是国家法规赋予交通(水路运政)主管部门的一项重要职责.     

贯彻实施《国内水路货物运输规则》之我见

《国内水路货物运输规则》（以下简称《国内水规》已于２０００年８月２８日由交通部颁布,并于２００１年１月１日开始实施。《国内水规》是在对原水路货物运输规则大幅度修改后重新颁布的规范国内水路货物运输市场中承运人、托运人以及其他当事人从事水路货物运输业务的重要商务法规． 一、签订书面货物运输合同 《国内水规》中规定,水路货物运输合同的形式可以是书面的合同和口头的合同,这是与我国的合同法相适应的。但从水路货物运输实际情况看,口头合同一般只适用于小批量货物在运输结束即能结清运输费用且不发生货运纠纷的场合,否…     

交通部发布 水路货物滚装运输规则

第一章 总则 第一条 为加强水路货物滚装运输管理,明确承运人与托运人、港口经营人之间的权利、义务和责任界限,维护当事人各方的合法权益,根据国家有关法律和法规,制定本规则。 第二条 本规则适用于在中华人民共和国沿海、江河、湖泊及其他通航水域内从事水路货物滚装运输及其有关的港口作业。     

必须适当提高和统一船舶港务费征收标准

<正>目前,我国征收船舶港务费的相关法规主要有:《中华人民共和国港口收费规则》、《国内水路集装箱港口收费办法》、《港口建设费征收办法》、《长江干线船舶港务费征收办法》、《港务费收支管理规定》等,这些法律法规具体规定了我国水路交     

打铁还须自身硬

10年来,四川省水路交通法规体系初步建成,行政执法人员的法制意识明显增强,执法水平不断提高.但是,具体工作中,仍然存在违反法定程序,证据意识不强,错误引用法律、法规及规章,以及执法工作作风方面的问题,影响了水路交通行政执法的严肃性、权威性.     

交通与物流

国内水路运输业及服务业接受检查 2006年1月1日至4月30日，交通部在全国集中开展国内水路运输业及其服务业核查工作，以实施对水路运输市场的有效监管。己取得国内水路运输业和水路运输服务业经营资格的经营人及其所经营的运输船舶均在核查之列。核查的主要内容包括，审核经营人在一年度遵守国家水路运输法律、法规及交通主管部门的规章、规定情况，     

风行水上三十年

7月27日，“改革开放30年中国水路交通发展”新闻发布会在2008北京国际新闻中心召开。交通运输部水运司司长宋德星在会上介绍了改革开放30年中国水路交通发展成就，他指出，改革开放30年以来，我国水运业深化改革，扩大开放，制定实施水路交通长远发展规划，颁布出台了一系列鼓励和支持水运发展的法规、政策，取得了举世瞩目的成就，主要表现在统一开放、竞争有序的水运市场体系基本建立、水运基础设施建设成效显著、水路运输生产增长迅猛和水运服务能力明显增强等方面。     

首次全国公路水路交通环保调查报告发布

日前，交通运输部环境保护办公室正式发布了我国第一次全国公路水路交通环境保护状况调查报告。调查数据表明，作为我国最早开展环保工作的行业之一，公路水路交通行业环保管理体系逐步完善，环保法规体系基本健全，环保投资力度不断加大，自然生态保护、污染防治、节能降耗等取得了显著成效，逐步走上了与环境保护协调发展的良性循环道路。     

水下爆炸试验相似准则

水下爆炸现象很复杂,根本不可能做到完全性的相似,哪怕做到一般船舶力学中的流体近似相似也相当困难.因此文献中有关水下爆炸相似律的描述就显得特别简单、笼统和模糊.文章首先对已经公认的一次冲击波的相似律作些解释,说明对一次冲击波的相似律也就是这些了,否则只能做原型试验,再对文献中没有出现过的气泡脉冲相似律的选择作了推导,最后将水下爆炸相似律拓广到与结构耦合上去.     

原状软土真空预压效果室内试验研究

针对印尼某项目地基软土具有细颗粒含量高、结构性明显、有机质含量高的特点,对高含水率、高液限、大孔隙比原状软土进行室内真空预压试验。结果表明:经过真空预压处理后,原状土样的密度和黏聚力指标略有增大,含水率、孔隙比和内摩擦角略有减小,而压缩模量基本无变化。因为土的液限、结构性和固结状态会影响真空预压法的排水效果,所以工程实施前应开展进一步的现场试验研究。     

疏浚清淤脱水工艺及工程应用进展

目前针对疏浚底泥的减量化与资源化技术研究成果颇多,工程应用却依然存在较多技术难题。针对疏浚技术成果工程化应用难的问题,对目前疏浚清淤工程常用的疏浚方法、底泥脱水工艺、絮凝药剂的选配以及后期的余水深度处理技术工程应用进展进行总结分析,指出研究成果工程化应用的难点,并对今后疏浚工程管理与研究提出建议：一方面,应加强内河湖库底泥污染基础调查及治理规划,完善和健全相关法律法规与技术标准;另一方面,应加强设备智能化与自动化研发,促进产学研合作,加强成果转化。     

基于企业效益与员工未来的研究

论述了是企业效益和员工未来的关系,并提出每个企业员工不仅要在不同的岗位上做好本职的工作,同时还要和其它岗位互相协调,以企业的大局为重,从企业的战略目标出发,为企业多创造效益,不断提高自身综合素质,共同构建和谐企业。     

软土直剪测试及强度的讨论

软土一般是在静水或缓慢的流水环境中沉积,再经长期生物化学作用形成的粘性土.珠江口及粤东沿海地区广泛分布着软土层,通过对该地区多个工程的软土层进行大量的直剪试验,发现存在一些异常现象.根据直剪试验,对这些异常现象进行分析和讨论.     

Environmental protection motivation in coastal zone land‐use legislation

Abstract

Analysis of recent substantive coastal land use management laws shows that their main thrust is to provide for protection of the coastal environment from adverse impacts of uncontrolled development. The four purposes cited most frequently among laws of 17 states were: Protection of wildlife and fisheries, protection of ecosystems or the natural environment, control of development, and enhancement of esthetic values. Other purposes were to: Protect life and property, enhance public recreation, conserve soil, and protect water resources. Development and economic purposes were cited in relatively few laws.     

海上平台量子密钥分发技术应用研究

量子密钥分发技术利用量子物理学基本原理,规避量子暴力解算潜在威胁,提升密钥分发安全性,将会使保密通信由计算安全向物理安全转变,目前主要有基于光纤的技术和以卫星为主的自由空间技术2种。海上平台活动区域大、机动性强、无基础设施依托,采用以卫星为主的自由空间量子密钥分发技术能适应其特点。本文重点分析了海上跨域远程应用、海上编队内近距离应用、水下及跨介质应用等未来海上平台量子密钥分发应用模式,提出了与海上应用相关的未来技术发展方向,为后续装备技术发展提供参考指导。     

Evolution of green shipping research: themes and methods

Over the past 30 years, there have been growing concerns on the environmental impacts of maritime transportation, which have attracted great attention from both academia and practitioners. Understanding developments in this area can help guide future research. We conducted a comprehensive review of green shipping research, comprising 213 papers published in transportation journals in SSCI of 2017 over the period 1988–2017. We find that research on green shipping has increased greatly since 2012, accounting for 77.5% of the reviewed papers. The main focus today on green shipping was on air pollution, and the classification of green shipping practice, such as technical measures, operational options, market-based measures, and recycling and reusing, is becoming clear. According to the existing studies, future research on green shipping must strengthen technology research to not only solve practical problems, but also to establish a theoretical green shipping system. Moreover, researchers from different countries could cooperate with each other to give effective suggestions on setting standards and laws of green shipping. Finally, we identify the future research themes will focus on setting up green shipping system and legislation and policy.     

中国南海ASDD深水试验井中的锚泊设计与作业(英文)

Mooring systems play an important role for semi-submersible rigs that drill in deepwater.A detailed analysis was carried out on the mooring of a semi-submersible rig that conducted a trial well drilling at a deepwater location in the South China Sea in 2009.The rig was 30 years old and had a shallow platform with a designed maximum operating water depth of 457 m.Following the mooring analysis,a mooring design was given that requires upgrading of the rig’s original mooring system.The upgrade included several innovations,such as installing eight larger anchors,i.e.replacing the original anchors and inserting an additional 600 m of steel wires with the existing chains.All this was done to enhance the mooring capability of the rig in order for the rig to be held in position to conduct drilling at a water depth of 476 m.The overall duration of the drilling was 50 days and the upgraded mooring system proved to be efficient in achieving the goal of keeping the rig stationary while it was drilling the trial well in the South China Sea.This successful campaign demonstrates that an older semi-submersible rig can take on drilling in deep water after careful design and proper upgrading and modification to the original mooring system.     

The response of the legal system to technological innovation in aquaculture: A comparative study of mariculture legislation in California,Florida and Maine

This article examines salt‐water aquaculture (mariculture) legislation in California, Florida, and Maine, as illustrative of one generic response of the law to aquacultural innovation. Unlike aquacultural legislation in other states, generally drafted to restrict leasing of coastal waters for specific existing technologies, the legislation studied represents a more flexible approach which would accommodate new technologies. Analysis of specific provisions of the three laws indicates the complexity of the issues involved and a variety of mechanisms selected for regulating mariculture, and identifies different state priorities and goals. This report concludes that whereas broadly drafted legislation exemplified by the statutes under study is more likely to accommodate new mariculture technologies than piecemeal legislation, there are a number of complex issues that must be identified and resolved in order to achieve the desired results. The failure of each of the states to respond fully to the broad range of issues involved may inhibit aquacultural innovation or unduly restrict nonaquacultural uses of the coastal zone.