T-PA辅助兔青光眼滤过手术的实验研究(Ⅰ)

目的　探讨组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (t -PA)在兔眼青光眼滤过术毕前房小剂量 (2 5μg)注射的有效性。方法　采用前瞻性、盲法对照研究 ,2 0只健康白色家兔双眼行全厚巩膜咬切滤过手术 ,术毕随机选一眼为t-PA治疗眼 ,另一眼为等量生理盐水对照眼 ,术后临床观察结合光电镜检查。结果　生理盐水对照组术后 1日和 3日滤过道及滤泡腔内有纤维蛋白凝块及红细胞栓子阻塞 ,而t-PA治疗组滤过道完全开放 ,炎性细胞及成纤维细胞的数量明显减少 ;术后 7日和 1 4日t-PA治疗组手术区肉芽组织和瘢痕组织的量亦明显少于对照组。与组织学检查相一致 ,术后 1周内治疗组滤过泡比对照组明显增大。两组均未见明显毒副作用。结论　t-PA可有效溶解滤过道及滤泡腔内的纤维蛋白凝块 ,提高青光眼滤过手术的成功率     

外源性p27Kip1对兔眼滤过术后结膜瘢痕的抑制作用

目的观察外源性p27Kip1作用于兔眼滤过术后的效果,研究其对术后结膜瘢痕形成的抑制作用。方法根据GenBank人p27基因序列设计引物,制备腺病毒介导Ad-p27并验证其正确性。兔眼滤过术中结膜下注射Ad-p27、丝裂霉素C(MMC)和PBS,术后28d内测定眼压、观察眼前节的动态变化及并发症,依照Krofeld评分法进行滤过泡评分。结果 Ad-p27作用后28d内维持低眼压的状态,术后3d眼压下降达峰值7.68mmHg。Ad-p27降眼压程度与MMC相似,与PBS比较术后7d(P<0.05)、14d(P<0.01)、21d(P<0.01)和28d(P<0.05)眼压存在显著性差异。Ad-p27作用后14d内滤过泡弥漫性隆起,28d有囊性泡形成。Ad-p27组与PBS组比较,滤过泡评分在7d(P<0.01)、14d(P<0.01)和21d(P<0.05)有显著性差异。Ad-p27组术后21d前房恢复正常,而PBS组术后14d恢复正常。Ad-p27作用偶有前房渗出、前房出血等并发症。结论 Ad-p27通过抑制手术区瘢痕形成保持滤过道通畅,降低眼压。     

兔眼葡萄膜巩膜引流术后FITC-Dextran在眼组织中的分布

目的观察兔眼葡萄膜巩膜引流术后房水流出道的形态学改变。方法 20只中国白兔随机分为2组,一组行葡萄膜巩膜引流术,另一组行小梁切除术,均行右眼手术。术后2周术眼前房内灌注异硫氰酸荧光素标记的葡聚糖(FITC-Dextran),处死后取完整眼球做冰冻切片,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察荧光素的分布。与手术部位处在眼环同一子午线上的同眼的对称部位未手术眼组织作为对照。结果在葡萄膜巩膜引流术组,荧光素的分布在前、中部巩膜最强,前葡萄膜次之;而在小梁切除术组,荧光素的分布在前葡萄膜最强,前、中部巩膜次之,两组的后葡萄膜和后巩膜均有部分中等亮度的显影,对照组的后葡萄膜和后巩膜则几乎无显影,且两组的前、中部巩膜荧光素强度均明显高于对照组。结论葡萄膜巩膜引流术和小梁切除术术后房水引流均是多途径的,既有外滤过,还增强了葡萄膜巩膜引流。与小梁切除术相比,葡萄膜巩膜引流术还明显增加了跨巩膜引流。     

盐酸哌唑嗪家兔点眼的降眼压作用

观察了不同浓度的α１受体阻断剂盐酸哌唑嗪（ＰＺ）家兔点眼的降眼压作用，通过ＰＺ与α１受体激动剂盐酸去氧肾上腺素（ＰＥ）点眼的相互影响，探讨了ＰＺ降眼压的受体作用机理。结果显示：ＰＺ点眼后２ｈ眼压下降最显著，０．０１％、０．１％和１．０％３种浓度分别使眼压下降了０．３７ｋＰａ、０．６５ｋＰａ和０．９１ｋＰａ。１．０％ＰＥ前处理明显减弱了０．１％ＰＺ的降眼压作用，而０．１％ＰＺ前处理只拮抗１．０％ＰＥ升高眼压的作用，说明对眼压瞳孔的作用分别通过α１受体的不同亚型，进而提出在家兔眼中存在α１受体的“眼压亚型”和“瞳孔亚型”，ＰＺ降眼压的受体作用在于只阻断了α１受体的“眼压亚型”。     

巩膜条带植入睫状体上腔联合睫状体分离术治疗青光眼

<正> Nesterov等从1975年开始应用巩膜条带植入睫状体上腔伴睫状体剥离术治疗青光眼,使睫状体上腔加宽以增加房水从色素膜、巩膜排出。他认为此种手术能使前房加深房角变宽及C值增加,但无低眼压、浅前房和脉络膜脱离等严重合并症的发生,尤适用于无晶体性青光眼,某些闭角型青光眼和滤过性手术失败者。我们从1979年3月开始对23例(23只眼施行了     

小梁切除与调节缝线在青光眼滤过术中的应用

小梁切除术自 196 8年Ｃａｒｎｓ首先描述以来 ,经过不断改进 ,滤过手术后的并发症明显减少。至今仍为青光眼滤过手术的主要术式。小梁切除较常见的并发症为滤过过盛引起的浅前房和低眼压 ,其不仅加重术眼的炎性反应 ,还可加速白内障的形成 ,引起角膜内皮失代偿 ,这种并发症在技术的处理上颇为棘手 ,我院自 1999年开展小梁切除与调节缝线的方法以求减小术后浅前房的发生获得良好的临床效果 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　　随机抽取我院 1999年 2月～ 1999年12月行小梁切除联合调节缝线的患者 2 6例 (34只眼 ) ,为联合手术组 ,…     

人工晶体植入术后前膜形成的临床分析

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术后前膜的发生原因及其预防和治疗。方法 对２５３例３３９眼白内障行超声乳化人工植入治疗，观察术后人工晶体前膜的形成。结果 前膜形成１７例２２眼，发生率为６．５％。结论 人工晶体前膜的发生率及形成时间与白内障种类有关。     

莫索尼定点眼对家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流量的影响

目的　测定莫索尼定 (Moxonidine ,MOX)局部应用后对家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径 (Uveoscle raloutflow ,Fu)房水流出量的影响 ,探讨MOX局部应用的房水动力学机制。方法　正常家兔2 0只 ,随机分为 2组 ,分别采用生理盐水及莫索尼定点眼 ,点眼前及点眼后 3 0min ,测量双眼眼压。点眼后 1 .5h用 0 .1mmol/L异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白 (Fluorescein isothiocyanatebovinealbumi,FITC BSA)行前房灌注 ,测定Fu各组织的荧光强度 ,采用改良Suguro法计算各组Fu房水再现量。结果　MOX单侧点眼后 ,点眼侧兔眼Fu房水再现量为 (7.2 1± 0 .988)×1 0 - 1 μL·3 0min- 1 ,对侧眼Fu房水再现量为 (7.5 3± 0 .2 1 4)× 1 0 - 1 μL·3 0min- 1 ,与对照组相比具有显著性差异。结论　局部点用MOX可通过增加后路房水流量降低眼压     

白内障囊外摘除术中后囊破损的Ⅰ期后房型人工晶体植入术

目的 探讨白内障囊外摘除术中后囊破损的Ｉ期后房型人工晶体植入术的疗效及手术技巧。方法 １４３只眼施行白内障囊外摘除术中,后囊破损者１１只眼,行Ｉ期后房型人工晶体植入。结果 ７只眼袋内植入,４只眼囊睫状沟植入,术后视力恢复良好。结论 对于后囊破损及玻璃体脱出的患者,利用残留的前,后囊膜作支撑,清除前段玻璃体,仍可Ｉ期植入后房型人工晶体。     

前列腺素F2α和E2降低眼压及与房水cAMP含量变化关系的初探

目的探讨小剂量前列腺素对正常兔眼压的作用及与环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的房水动力学介导作用的相关性。方法采用随机盲法对照研究，30只兔60只眼随机分成三组，每组分别点用或等量生理盐水。每组选10眼，用药后不同时间测量眼压。另外10眼滴药后2h抽取房水检测cAMP含量变化。结果治疗组用药后组用药后1h眼压开始下降，持续至用药后5h，其中2h时眼压下降幅度最大，平均分别为0．50kPa和0．45kPa。用药2h后组房水中cAMP含量由用药前(17．50±3．80)pmol／ml增高至(37．21±4．34)pmol／ml，而组房水cAMP含量变化不明显。结论小剂量可以降低正常兔眼内压。PGE2降眼压机理与房水中第二信使cAMP的动力学介导作用相关，而可能另有一套不同的第二信使系统。     

Experimental study on cyclosporine A drug delivery system in prevention of posterior capsule opacification after intraocular lens implantation in rabbits

Objective To study the effect of cyclosporine A drug delivery system (CsA-DDS) on the prevention of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after experimental intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes. Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits, whose left eyes and right eyes were used respectively as experiment eyes and controls, were subjected to extracapsular lens extraction and artificial lens implantation. During the operation, CsA-DDS with poly (lactideco-glycolide) as carriers or empty DDS was implanted in the capsular bag for the experimental eyes and controls respectively. After the operation, anterior chamber reaction, intraocular pressure (IOP) and CsA concentration were monitored and twelve weeks after the operation, the eyes were extracted for histopathological and morphological examinations. Results There were no differences between the two groups in conjunctival congestion,IOP change and anterior chamber reaction. PCO was less severe in the experimental eyes than in the controls. Light microscopy revealed that posterior capsular membrane in the experimental eyes was slick, with no obvious proliferation,whereas in the controls, there were lens epithelial cell proliferation and cortex regeneration of different degrees.Morphological examination with electron microscope showed that in the experimental eyes, lens epithelial cells did not function actively and apoptosis occurred, whereas in the controls, epithelial cells presented active function. No marked ultrastructural changes were found in either group. Conclusion Cs-DDS can inhibit PCO after intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes and does not have toxic effects on the surrounding ocular tissues. Therefore, it has a good potential for clinical use in prevention of PCO.     

Effects of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin on HIF-1α expression in the retina in a rabbit model of acute high intraocular pressure

Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible faetor-1α (HIF-1α) in the retina of rabbits with acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the mechanism of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protecting the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods First, control group and model group were established in rabbit eyes. The acute high intraocular pressure model was established by saline perfusion into anterior chamber, and then hypodermic injection of domestic rhEPO was made. HIF-1α protein in the retina was observed by immunohistochemical staining method on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after retinal ischemla-reperfusion, respectively. Results No cells with HIF-la positive expression were observed in the retina of the control group. Ceils with HIF-1α positive expression in the model group outnumbered those in the control group (P < 0. 01). The resemblance pattern occurred in EPO group but its degree was slightly greater than that in the model group from day 3 after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05). Conclusion Domestic rhEPO can down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α in the retina with acute high intraocular pressure, which may be one of the mechanisms that rhEPO protects the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

A HISTOPATHOLOGIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF RABBIT CORNEA AFTER EXCIMER LASER PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY

In excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK), the central part of the Bowman's mem-brane and superficial stroma is ablated after re-moval of the corneal epithelium. Clinical studiesshowed that the results of PRK for myopia of up to--6 diopters are satisfactory[' 'J. However, deeperresearch is needed, especially the healing processfollowing PRK,which is different from the woundhealing mechanism after conventional occularsurgery['.'J. Corneal haze and myopic regression arethe 2 main co…     

PRK术后家兔角膜透射电镜、扫描电镜的实验研究

应用 SVS APEX PLUS型准分子激光治疗系统对 6只家兔双眼进行 PRK术 ,设定右眼- 4.0 0 D,左眼 - 8.0 0 D。分别于术后 3天、30天、1 0 0天两组随机选取 1只家兔 ,使其猝死摘除双眼球 ,取其角膜。每只角膜分为两半 ,一半角膜电镜下观察其超微结构 (1 /4行 SEM,1 /4行TEM)。透射电镜观察手术后 1 0 0天 ,角膜上皮细胞基本恢复正常。扫描电镜观察则上皮细胞界限分明 ,上皮明亮细胞较多 ,但微绒毛、微皱褶相对减少。提示 PRK术后 1 0 0天角膜组织结构基本正常 ,但仍有组织薄弱处和特殊性改变。其角膜上皮微绒毛、微皱褶相对减少 ,可能是临床上PRK术后部分患者近期角膜干燥的原因之一     

匹罗卡品家兔点眼对葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量的影响

为探讨匹罗卡品家兔点眼对葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出色的影响，用1％匹罗卡品（Pilocarpine，PC）对家免单侧点眼。并用0.1mmol／L异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白（Fluoreceinisothlocyanate－bovineserumalbumin，FITC－BSA）持续前房灌注30min。测定前、后葡萄膜等6种组织的FITC－BSA含量，计算每眼的葡萄膜巩膜层水流出量（Uveosderdoutflow，Fu）。分别比较点眼前后眼压和点眼后双眼的Fu。结果示：PC点眼后1h处理眼眼压为（0．70±0．08）kPa，下降率为25％（P＜0．01），对照眼眼压无显著变化（P＞0．05）；点眼后2h处理眼Fu值为（0．123±0．026）μl／min，对照眼Fu值为0．177±0．032）μl／min，双眼比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。说明1％PC单侧点眼可降低正常家兔眼压，PC可阻断家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径房水外流，兔眼的眼压下降主要为前路排出增加所致。     

FITC-BSA示踪法测定兔眼葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量

用异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白（Fluorescein－isothiocvanatebovineserumalbumin，FITC－BSA）示踪法测定兔眼葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量。造健康白色家兔6只12眼，测量双眼眼压。用0．1mmol／LFITC－BSA持续前房灌注30min，灌注毕处死家兔，摘除双眼球，并将组织分离为前葡萄膜、后葡萄膜、前巩膜、后巩膜、视网膜和残余液体等6种组织。测定每种组织的荧光强度，计算每眼葡萄膜巩膜房水流出量（uveoscleraloutflow，Fu）为（0．178±0．029）μl／min。证明FITC－BSA示踪法是一种测定葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量的有效方法。