Aggregates cranes handling capacity of container terminals: the port of Kaohsiung

This study looks at the degrees of interference for multiple cranes that work simultaneously at six major container terminals in the port of Kaohsiung. The results confirm that there are different degrees of mutual crane interference among terminals where different operational modes are adapted in the container yards. RTG handling systems show a very high value of aggregate cranes exponent f, with nearly no interference, as long as the number of allocated cranes is no more than the number of truck lanes under each crane. While SC systems reveal a relatively larger degree of mutual interference as the number of cranes increase.     

自动化集装箱码头的装卸工艺及设备

在考察国外自动化集装箱码头发展现状的基础上,对传统集装箱码头与自动化集装箱码头的装卸工艺进行比较,并根据工艺布局分析和探讨装卸设备技术,对自动化集装箱码头的发展前景提出展望。     

自动化集装箱码头港区道路铺面结构设计

自动化集装箱码头港区道路的使用要求和工艺条件与传统的集装箱码头不同,且对港区道路铺面结构也有特殊要求。从自动化集装箱码头的港区道路铺面结构的特点出发,通过对港区道路铺面结构的受力要求、交通渠化、智能引导车（IGV）的定位特殊要求等进行分析,采用铺面类型适应性分析、磁钉避让处理、交通标线处理、平整度处理、IGV荷载作用下的铺面结构计算分析等应对方法,以满足自动化集装箱码头的港区道路使用要求,为自动化集装箱码头的港区道路设计提供参考。     

A fuzzy AHP decision support system for selecting yard cranes in marine container terminals

One of the most important issues that planners and developers of ports have to address at the planning process of container terminals is how to effectively optimize truck turnaround times. The time that a truck spends at a container terminal for loading and/or unloading of cargo is a real cost scenario which affects not only the smooth operation of ports but also the overall cost of the container trade. The main objective of this article is to provide a decision support tool for selecting the best container yard gantry crane for loading/discharging operation of trucks at the landside of marine container terminals. Achieving this goal, this study aims at introducing and recommending the multiple attribute decision-making and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process models that have been proven to provide a concrete basis for such a selection decision.     

Optimization of integrated scheduling of handling and storage operations at automated container terminals

Increasing demand for containerization compels container terminals to improve their performance. Uncoordinated scheduling of operations is one of the main factors accounting for poor performance at automated container terminals (ACTs). To increase land utilization efficiency and lower operational times, a new storage system called the split-platform automated storage/retrieval system (SP-AS/RS) has been introduced for temporary storage of containers. This paper describes a multi-objective mixed-integer programming (MIP) model that is based on a combination of multiple interacting sub-tasks. It is aimed at optimizing the integrated scheduling of handling and storage operations in ACTs. The MIP model objective function is to minimize delays in the loading/unloading tasks of the cranes and the travel time of vehicles and platforms in the SP-AS/RS. At the same time, a simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) that provides near-optimal solutions for the problem in a reasonable computation time is appraised. The results of this study show that the objective function of the MIP model is, on average, 58 % lower than that of the non-integrated scheduling method. On the other hand, the best objective function values obtained by the SAA indicate only a 3.7 % disadvantage in comparison with optimal values determined by the MIP model, demonstrating that the SAA is able to provide near-optimal solutions for the integrated scheduling of handling and storage operations.     

长江中上游集装箱码头结构形式与装卸工艺系统

在分析并比较长江中上游集装箱码头结构形式和装卸工艺系统的基础上,针对不同码头的不同规模和条件,推荐经济适用的码头结构形式和装卸工艺系统。     

外高桥集装箱码头建设集成创新技术

在世界大港排行榜上,上海港的集装箱吞吐量已从5年前的第10位跃升至目前的第3位,外高桥现代集装箱码头的建成对其排名上升起了关键作用.介绍了上海港外高桥港区现代集装箱码头建设中的总体设计、工程技术、生产管理等诸多方面的集成创新成果.     

自动化集装箱码头港外集卡提送箱交互作业模式

针对自动化集装箱码头常规港外集卡提送箱交互作业模式无法很好适应广州港和钦州港两个新建自动化集装箱码头工程特点的问题,在充分剖析自动化集装箱码头现有港外集卡交互作业模式及技术特点的基础上,结合广州港和钦州港两个新建自动化集装箱码头的工程特点,分别提出“边装卸集中交互”和“边装卸U形通道交互” 两种新型港外集卡提送箱交互作业模式,并对工艺平面布置和流程设计要点进行详细阐述。结果表明,新型交互作业模式在提升各自集装箱自动化装卸系统运行效率和降低设备能耗方面都产生了积极效果,可为类似自动化集装箱码头的设计提供参考。     

A comparison between conventional and advanced handling systems for low volume container maritime terminals

In this paper a conventional low volume maritime terminal equipped with straddle carriers is compared against an advanced automatic stacking crane/automatic guided vehicle alternative. For both configurations a convenient layout was designed, a reasonable level of service (common for both terminals) was adopted, and the required amount of equipment was determined using computer simulation. The results indicate that the total cost per container and the area requirements do not differ considerably between the two configurations although there exist differences in the investment capital and the personnel required.     

预应力混凝土大直径管桩在深圳西部港区集装箱码头建设中的应用

通过对深圳西部港区近20年来采用大管桩结构应用于15座大型集装箱码头建设的经验总结,介绍了大管桩的制造、性能、沉桩、承载力、停锤标准和造价比较,供业内同行参考.     

福州港江阴港区~#4和~#5深水集装箱码头结构优化设计

福州港江阴港区#4和#5泊位是目前国内可靠泊集装箱船舶最大、吃水最深、岸壁高度最大的专业化码头之一,通过多项优化设计,将码头结构的持力层选择为圆砾混粉质黏土层,降低了工程难度,缩短了工期,有效地降低了工程造价.     

港口集装箱吞吐量的不平衡性

港口生产的不平衡性是港口规模、货源组织、车船运行、社会习惯、自然条件及生产管理等诸多因素综合作用的结果,隐含着与港口生产相关的多种信息,对港口码头的通过能力有较大影Ⅱ向。相关码头设计规范中用港口生产的不平衡系数衡量港口生产的不平衡性,定义港口生产不平衡系数为在一年内港口月最大货运量与港口月平均货运量的比值。本文根据相关统计数据,用港口月吞吐量与年内港口月平均吞吐量的比值（下称月不平衡性比值）分析考察国内外港口集装箱吞吐量的不平衡性。     

桥吊海上运输中的装载、系固与安全管理问题

结合大连重工起重集团码头驳船装载整机桥吊、门吊等重大件系固作业的实际情况,对海运桥吊、门吊的装载、系固问题进行初步分析,并提出安全管理建议.     

集装箱码头堆场车辆优化安排

近年来,随着港口货运量的增长及船舶大型化的发展,集装箱码头为降低成本和增强竞争力,不断研究新技术,加强系统管理。其中,集装箱卡车(以下简称集卡)的路径安排对码头生产效率有着很大的影响,已成为国内外研究的热点之一。     

现代集装箱港区的创新设计

简要归纳现代集装箱港区的设计理念创新,提出现代集装箱港区的功能横断面布置模式和有利于高效运行的生产能力不平衡配置模式,介绍虚拟仿真技术在集装箱码头设计中的应用情况,对集装箱码头装备的发展趋势做了初步分析.     

基于多智能体仿真的自动化集装箱码头合理通过能力研究

针对自动化集装箱码头泊位合理通过能力评估问题,基于多智能体仿真建立采用"双小车岸桥(DTQC)+自动导引车(AGV)+自动化轨道吊(ARMG)"工艺的自动化集装箱码头装卸作业模型,对顺岸布置的自动化码头通过能力与码头服务水平、泊位数量之间的关系进行研究。仿真结果表明:码头服务水平(AWTAST)与泊位通过能力呈明显负相关关系,且在一定码头服务水平下,泊位合理通过能力随顺岸式码头泊位数量的增加显著提高。基于仿真结果进行公式拟合,提出了自动化集装箱码头的泊位合理通过能力估算方法,可以为自动化集装箱码头规划与运营提供决策支持。     

Productivity of first-generation container terminals: Sydney, Australia

In 1969 the first of Sydney's purpose-built container facilities in Port Jackson, the Seatainer terminal, became operational. Later, in 1973, the second terminal at Glebe Island, a common-user facility, shared the task of handling the container traffic for much of eastern Australia until the development of the new facilities in Botany Bay. The two terminals differed in almost every respect except their inner-city locations and restricted sites. This paper explores these differences and their implications for terminal productivity. It examines some of the structural characteristics of the container trade and traffic and defines vessel time profiles and container handling rates for operations over the sample years 1977, 1979 and 1981. The paper establishes that there were remarkably similar productivity characteristics at the two terminals, despite their significant characteristics, but it also reveals the relatively high proportion of vessel alongside time or time spent at the berth that was idle, non-working or unproductive.     

港口集装箱中转运输业回暖之路

受全球金融危机影响,自2008年11月份以来,我国进出口持续下滑,港口集装箱中转运量锐减,尤其是外贸进出口比重较大的长三角、珠三角地区,港口集装箱吞吐量跌幅更大。一个不争的事实是,我国港口集装箱中转运输业遭遇了史无前例的“寒冬”,从2008年初繁荣的顶端逐步下滑,直到2009年第二季度止跌企稳,第三季度呈现回暖迹象,第四季度则恢复性前行。     

A study of the changes in performance of quayside container cranes

The learning effect, whereby performance improves with experience, is well documented for manufacturing situations. This article applies these learning concepts to quayside container cranes, in order to determine the relationship between number of containers moved and unloading time. The results show that crane performance has improved with time, and that the learning effect is essentially the same for four ports. Container vessel operators are looking for consistency in port operations. An analysis of variability for one port shows that this consistency is not always achieved and that crane performance does not appear to be related to vessel size.     

The size effect of a port on the container handling efficiency level and market share in internation transshipment flow

This study examines the relationship between the size of a port, its efficiency increase and the performance growth in the transshipment market. The hypothesis tested is that the bigger size of a port would increase the market share of the port in container transshipment; only when the size effect guarantees better ‘relative’ container handling efficiency in competing port system where the port belongs. To verify the hypothesis, this study carries out two analyses. First, the overall efficiency change of major Asian ports is examined through stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)—this produces the relative efficiency indices of the ports. Second, the relationship between efficiency indices and container transshipment volumes is studied through panel data analysis. From these analyses, it is observed that larger Asian ports show better cargo handling efficiency in relative terms; they also record bigger market share in container transshipment, while the size effect of the ports starts to play a factor when the annual container throughput reaches 5 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU).