船舶舵鳍联合减摇模糊变结构控制研究

分析了船舶运动的非线性模型,根据实际情况进行假设,得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程,把非线性船舶舵鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型;将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统,进行了舵鳍联合控制,设计了舵鳍联合控制器和分散非线性变结构控制器,为了改善控制的品质,又进一步提出了模糊趋近律变结构控制的方法,最后针对减摇控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明:舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇,并能尽可能的减小横荡。     

基于变结构控制理论的船舶非线性控制仿真研究

为厂提高船舶的航行安全性以及航行中的舒适性．设计了舵鳍联合减摇控制器。分析了船舶运动的非线性模型，根据实际情况进行假设，得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程，把非线性船舶鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型；将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统．进行了舵鳍联合控制，设计了分散变结构控制器，最后针对这类控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明：舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇，并能尽可能大的减小横荡。     

基于FTESO和漂角补偿的船舶航向滑模控制

[目的]为提高水面欠驱动船舶的航向跟踪性能,减小航向误差,研究一种基于有限时间扩张状态观测器(FTESO)的船舶航向滑模控制方法.[方法]首先,采用预滤波器减小船舶转向时较大的航向变化率影响,利用扩张状态观测器对时变漂角进行估计,然后通过估计出的漂角及时修正航向误差.为简化控制器设计,艏摇方向上的外部扰动和内部不确定项...     

基于多滑模面的船舶航向非线性系统终端滑模模糊控制(英文)

A terminal sliding mode fuzzy control based on multiple sliding surfaces was proposed for ship course tracking steering, which takes account of rudder characteristics and parameter uncertainty. In order to solve the problem, the controller was designed by employing the universal approximation property of fuzzy logic system, the advantage of Nussbaum function, and using multiple sliding mode control algorithm based on the recursive technique. In the last step of designing, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode was utilized to drive the last state of the system to converge in a finite period of time, and high-order sliding mode control law was designed to eliminate the chattering and make the system robust. The simulation results showed that the controller designed here could track a desired course fast and accurately. It also exhibited strong robustness peculiarly to system, and had better adaptive ability than traditional PID control algorithms.     

恶劣海况下船舶航向控制仿真及应用研究

船舶在海面航行时,会受到风浪的干扰.此时,船舶航向控制困难,操舵频繁.采用Kalman滤波和模糊自整定PID控制,并基于线性化船舶运动方程的线性时,不变连续时间系统的设计方法得到的船舶操纵控制器,具有抗干扰能力强、鲁棒性好的特点,有效地解决了船舶在风浪干扰条件下的船舶航向控制时的操舵频繁与无效操舵问题.     

Design of robust fuzzy controller for ship course-tracking based on RBF network and backstepping approach

1 Introduction1 Recently, adaptive control approaches based on fuzzy neural network (FNN) have been studied in a lot of papers [1–4]. FNN combines the capability of fuzzy reasoning in handling uncertain information and the capability of artificial neural…     

SWATH船运动中断分析和减横摇控制器设计

针对SWATH船实航时产生的水平筛动问题,研究由横荡、横摇和艏摇的耦合运动产生的船舶运动中断(MII),提出设计SWATH船稳定鳍减横摇控制器,减小MII。通过理论分析MII产生原因和SWATH船稳定鳍工作时产生减摇作用的力和力矩特性,验证利用稳定鳍减小SWATH船横摇运动,抑制MII的可行性。在保证SWATH船升沉和纵摇运动的基础上,设计稳定鳍减横摇控制器,减小SWATH船横摇。仿真结果表明,控制器使SWATH具有良好的纵向运动性能,有效减小了横摇运动,抑制MII。     

船舶自动舵控制系统实施改造的研究及实现

介绍了TS-75型自动舵系统的组成概况，分析了舵机抖动的机理，指出了该舵机抖动的根本原因是由于其控制电路的故障引起的，并提出解决该问题的有效方法是利用PLC（Programmable Logic Controller）技术对舵机控制系统进行改造。通过对船舶自动舵控制系统的控制原理、控制方法及存在的问题进行研究后，设计了基于PLC技术的自动舵控制方案，讨论了其具有的优点。利用PLC的模块化结构组态自动舵控制系统，实现船舶自动舵的自整定PID（Proportional Integral Differential）制，说明了STEP7 PID—TUNE的使用方法。基于PLC自整定PID控制的自动舵满足船舶的各种动态特性指标，能提高舵机控制系统的可靠性和经济性。     

未知时变扰动和输入饱和下的智能船舶鲁棒非线性控制

复杂海况下环境多变并且船舶具有多耦合、强非线性的特点,针对智能船舶定位控制问题,考虑在未知时变扰动和输入饱和约束之下船舶的定位控制问题,结合非线性扰动观测器提出一种带辅助动态系统的鲁棒非线性控制算法。通过Lyapunov理论证明了所提出的非线性扰动观测器与控制器结合后闭环系统的稳定性和信号的一致最终有界性。利用非线性扰动观测器对环境中存在的海浪扰动进行有效的估计处理。最后,通过仿真验证了所提出的控制算法不仅能保证船舶期望的位置和艏向,而且提高了控制速度,具有较好的控制性能。     

船舶航向非线性系统的鲁棒自适应控制

考虑船舶航向控制系统模型中存在非线性,并且模型参数是未知的情况下,利用Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ稳定性理论,提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制新算法。以“育龙”轮为例,进行了鲁棒自适应自动舵设计,并利用 Ｍａｔｌａｂ工具箱进行了仿真研究,结果证明该算法十分有效。     

基于神经网络的船舶舵机控制系统设计

传统船舶舵机控制系统只适于控制对象是线性系统且时延和阶数等已知的情况,但在实际应用中,船舶舵机控制过程受船舶运行情况和航行环境的影响,属于随机过程.为此,设计一种新的基于神经网络的船舶舵机控制系统,依据功能要求设计船舶舵机的不同控制模型,再设计整体控制系统结构.通过设计4个不同层次的控制器结构,实现神经网络控制器的整体设计,利用神经网络算法对控制器中的参数进行学习和调整,神经网络控制器输出结果即为船舶舵机控制结果.实验结果表明,所设计系统控制效果好,不易受外界环境的干扰.     

基于扩张观测器的船舶动力定位系统反演滑模变结构控制

针对海洋平台船舶动力定位控制系统,结合反演滑模控制与扩张观测器的优势,提出一种基于扩张观测器的船舶动力定位反演滑模控制方法.考虑到系统存在未知外部干扰以及船舶模型参数不确定性的问题,将系统分为内环观测器和外环控制器分别设计,首先利用扩张观测器估计系统的未知状态及不确定项,然后在外环的反演滑模控制器中进行补偿,最后用Lyapunov方法证明系统的稳定性.通过船舶定点控制仿真实验表明,基于扩张状态观测器的反演滑模控制器使得船舶纵荡和横荡的位置及首摇角度逐渐保持在期望值,具有较强的鲁棒性和控制性,能够有效抑制传统滑模控制的抖振问题,有益于船舶工程应用.     

基于人工蜂群算法的船舶动力定位自抗扰控制器设计

针对船舶动力定位自抗扰控制器(ADRC)参数较多且人工不易调整的问题,通过建立以船舶纵荡、横荡和艏向角三个方向ADRC响应的时间误差积分和最小的目标函数,采用人工蜂群算法(ABC)中采蜜蜂和跟随蜂的选择机制与邻域搜索,优化整定出船舶动力定位ADRC控制器参数。ABC优化的方法避免了工程技术人员繁琐的试凑工作。此外,仿真结果表明,相比试凑法得出的参数而言,经过ABC优化整定的参数具有更快的响应速度,对船模参数变化具有更强的鲁棒性和适应性。     

存在饱和输入的欠驱动船舶航迹跟踪控制

针对控制输入存在饱和限制的欠驱动船舶的航迹跟踪问题,提出鲁棒饱和控制方法。以船舶纵向速度和艏向角速度为虚拟输入,设计饱和运动学控制器,并引入二阶滤波器形式对控制器进行简化;利用反步法并引入Nussbaum型函数,设计饱和动力学控制器,以实现对任意光滑航迹的跟踪控制,并保证跟踪误差收敛至零点附近的一个有界区域内。仿真算例验证了设计方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Course stability and yaw motion of a ship in steady wind

In order to achieve safe navigation, it is important to be able to understand and calculate the effects of an external force on the maneuvering behavior of a ship. This paper analyzes the course stability and yaw motion of a ship traveling under steady wind conditions. A course stability criterion and approximate formulae for the yaw motion in steady wind, including the aero/hydrodynamic force derivatives for the ship, are derived. To confirm the reliability of the criterion and formulae, they were used to investigate a pure car carrier in steady wind. The results of this investigation revealed that course instability appears in the head and following wind directions, mainly under the influence of aerodynamic derivatives with respect to the yaw restoring forces. However, this course instability can be reduced by applying steering control. For winds ranging from head winds to beam winds, yaw oscillation appears when the period is relatively long and the damping is small. The analytical formulae derived here can be used to gain a better understanding of ship maneuvering behavior in steady wind.     

船舶低频纯横荡及纯首摇运动数值仿真与分析

以船舶操纵水动力预报为研究背景,利用商用软件Fine/Marine对DTMB5415进行了低频纯横荡及纯首摇运动数值仿真研究。以纯横荡运动幅值为0.064 m试验数据为基准,通过对比不同边界条件设置及其对计算结果的影响分析,得到随体坐标系下船模受到的侧向力及转首力矩,并将仿真计算结果与船模试验结果进行对比,获得较好的参数设置。以该设置参数及边界条件为依据进行后续的纯横荡运动及纯首摇运动数值仿真计算,得到船模所受侧向力及转首力矩。     

船摇前馈控制补偿效果及优化方法研究

雷达隔离船摇的主要手段之一.针对船摇前馈在实际工程应用中补偿效果不理想的问题,通过对前馈复合控制原理、船摇前馈实现方法和效果影响因素的研究,提出了工程实现的优化方法.采用时间序列分析方法进行船摇数据预报可以提高近一个数量级的预报精度,从而直接提高船摇前馈补偿量的计算精度和补偿效果.通过在前馈补偿环节中加入自适应设计以实现船摇前馈信息有效平稳地加入控制环路.此外,选择适宜的时机加入船摇前馈也是工程应用的一个重要因素.     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.     

Robust autopilot with wave filter for ship steering

Research was done to overcome traditional problems associated with automatic steering systems of a ship in a seaway. A ship＇ s dynamic model with wave disturbances was built and a wave filter was designed by means of an extended states observer （ESO）. The model estimated the low frequency motion component from a heading measurement corrupted by colorednoise, so back-and-forth steering caused by high frequency wave disturbances was avoided. At the same time, a robust autopilot system, designed by variable structure control theory, was presented. Simulation results achieved in dangerous sea status show that the wave filter works very well and the autopilot has strong robustness to environmental disturbances and model perturbation, and more importantly, the frequency of rudder adjustments is reduced noticeably.     

Broaching probability for a ship in irregular stern-quartering waves: theoretical prediction and experimental validation

To avoid stability failure due to the broaching associated with surf riding, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has begun to develop multilayered intact stability criteria. A theoretical model using deterministic ship dynamics and stochastic wave theory is a candidate for the highest layer of this scheme. To complete the project, experimental validation of the theoretical method for estimating broaching probability in irregular waves is indispensable. We therefore conducted free-running model experiments using a typical twin-propeller and twin-rudder ship in irregular waves. A simulation model of coupled surge–sway–yaw–roll motion was simultaneously refined. The broaching probability calculated by the theoretical method was within the 95 % confidence interval of that obtained from the experimental data. This could be an example of experimental validation of the theoretical method for estimating the broaching probability when a ship meets a wave.