基于热点应力法的船舶结构疲劳分析系统开发

船体结构的热点应力疲劳分析过程比较复杂,按照CCS《船体结构疲劳强度评估指南》实施起来比较困难。因此采用MSC.Patran二次开发语言PCL进行编程,开发船体结构热点应力疲劳分析系统,实现了扣除腐蚀余量、荷载计算、施加疲劳荷载、提取结果及分析的自动化,大大提高了船体结构热点应力疲劳分析的效率。     

船舶舱口角隅疲劳强度及热点应力研究

舱口角隅部分的疲劳问题是疲劳分析的重要内容.本文建立了某船的全船有限元模型并分别采用嵌入式模型和外部模型对舱口角隅进行细化.比较不同的单元类型、热点应力选取方式对疲劳损伤的影响.同时采用直接计算的谱分析方法计算了舱口角隅的疲劳损伤.发现当选用最大主应力作为热点应力时实体单元计算结果较壳单元偏小.同一类型单元节点数目的不同对损伤结果影响不大.热点应力选取方式对疲劳损伤的计算影响较大,在对舱口角隅疲劳强度进行分析时建议选用最大主应力插值的方式计算热点应力.     

喷淋除尘移动水槽结构分析

基于MSC.Marc有限元分析软件,对喷淋除尘移动水槽进行结构分析。结果表明,移动水槽在静载下不会出现损坏。启动、水平载荷和垂直载荷三种工况下,水槽连接处均产生高应力区,易疲劳破坏。启动时冲击载荷及水箱悬空时引起的载荷工况下水槽连接处等效应力最大,应该予以重视。     

不同工况对克令吊舱口角隅应力的影响

利用MSC Patran和MSC Nastran软件对3 750 TEU集装箱船舱口角隅进行结构强度有限元细化分析,主要研究了克令吊在5种危险工况作用下,舱口角隅的应力集中问题,为舱口角隅疲劳分析提供了计算依据。     

等效波的散货船舱口角疲劳评估应力组合方法(英文)

The stress combination method for the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier was investigated based on equivalent waves.The principles of the equivalent waves of ship structures were given,including the determination of the dominant load parameter,heading,frequency,and amplitude of the equivalent regular waves.The dominant load parameters of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier were identified by the structural stress response analysis,and then a series of equivalent regular waves were defined based on these parameters.A combination method of the structural stress ranges under the different equivalent waves was developed for the fatigue analysis.The combination factors were obtained by least square regression analysis with the stress ranges derived from spectral fatigue analysis as the target value.The proposed method was applied to the hatch corner of another bulk carrier as an example.This shows that the results from the equivalent wave approach agree well with those from the spectral fatigue analysis.The workload is reduced substantially.This method can be referenced in the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier.     

基于改进子模型技术的TLP平台疲劳分析

研究适用于TLP平台的疲劳分析方法。首先建立TLP平台的整体结构模型,运用基于累积损伤理论的疲劳谱分析法,根据整体分析初步确定TLP平台疲劳关键节点位置,即疲劳敏感部位。然后建立疲劳敏感部位的中间模型与精细子模型,运用改进的子模型技术分析计算得到关键节点的热点应力,并根据疲劳谱分析法计算关键节点的疲劳寿命,并将之与传统子模型技术的计算结果比较。分析表明,改进的子模型技术比传统方法的应力计算结果更加精确,有利于得到更加真实的疲劳寿命计算结果。     

基于应力集中系数的SWATH船疲劳节点筛选方法研究

小水线面双体船的疲劳强度问题十分突出,疲劳强度校核节点众多且目前还没有一个明确的疲劳节点筛选原则。针对这些问题,研究基于典型节点的热点应力集中系数有限元计算和名义应力分析,对小水线面双体船全船结构中可能发生疲劳强度失效的节点进行疲劳寿命估算,并根据估算结果对需要进行热点应力分析的疲劳节点进行筛选。计算结果表明,该方法在处理大量结构节点的疲劳寿命估算问题中,计算效率较高,能够反映全船的节点疲劳强度特性,且估算结果较为可靠。该方法不仅适用于小水线面双体船,对于其他类型的船舶,该方法同样具有适用性。     

基于等效设计波的船体结构疲劳强度许用应力法

文章总结了中国船级社疲劳强度评估方法中的许用应力范围方法.该方法用10种主要载荷控制参数下的等效设计波作为基本的计算载荷工况,通过基本计算载荷工况进行组合后求解疲劳应力范围.推导了疲劳许用应力范围计算公式和不同概率水平下疲劳应力的转换关系.对不同S-N曲线形式的许用应力范围进行了讨论,给出了中国船级社疲劳强度许用应力范围表格.用实例进行了验证.     

Onboard monitoring of fatigue damage rates in the hull girder

Most new advanced ships have extensive data collection systems to be used for continuous monitoring of engine and hull performance, for voyage performance evaluation etc. Such systems could be expanded to include also procedures for stress monitoring and for decision support, where the most critical wave-induced ship extreme responses and fatigue damage accumulation can be estimated for hypothetical changes in ship course and speed in the automatically estimated wave environment.The aim of this paper is to outline a calculation procedure for fatigue damage rate prediction in hull girders taking into account whipping stresses. It is conceptually shown how such a method, which integrates onboard estimation of sea states, can be used to deduce decision support with respect to the accumulated fatigue damage in the hull girder.The paper firstly presents a set of measured full-scale wave-induced stress ranges in a container ship, where the associated fatigue damage rates calculated from a combination of the rain-flow counting method and the Palmgren-Miner damage rule are compared with damage predictions obtained from a computationally much faster frequency fatigue analysis using a spectral method. This analysis verifies the applied multi-modal spectral analysis procedure for fatigue estimation for cases where hull girder flexibility plays a role.To obtain an automated prediction method for the fatigue damage rates it is in the second part of the paper shown how a combination of the full-scale onboard acceleration and stress measurements can be used to calculate sea state parameters. These calculated environmental data are verified by a comparison to hindcast data.In the third part of the paper the full-scale fatigue stress ranges are compared to results from an analytical design oriented calculation procedure for flexible ship hulls in short-term estimated sea states.Altogether, it is conceptually shown that by a combination of the onboard estimated sea state parameters with the described analytical fatigue damage prediction procedure a method can be established for real-time onboard decision support which includes estimates of fatigue damage rates.     

随机载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展

船舶等许多工程结构在服役过程中的受载荷历程是一个随机过程.而变幅载荷下的载荷相互作用对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命将产生显著的影响.因此研究随机载荷作用下的裂纹扩展及定量计算对船舶结构的疲劳寿命预测的可靠性是十分重要的.该文提出了一个基于有效应力强度因子,以应力比和裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸为主要参数的随机载荷作用下疲劳寿命预测模型.该模型用于预测几种载荷谱作用下的裂纹扩展试验,结果表明预测结构和实验结果符合得很好.     

Probabilistic fatigue analysis of marine structures using the univariate dimension-reduction method

Probabilistic fatigue analysis of offshore structures requires the numerical simulation of a huge number of loading cases to compute the long-term multi-dimensional integral associated to the fatigue damage assessment. This paper proposes the implementation of the univariate dimension-reduction method developed by Rahman and Xu [1] in order to compute the long-term fatigue damage more efficiently. This method is particularly attractive because it reduces significantly the number of simulations by decomposing the N-dimensional integral associated to expected long-term fatigue damage assessment into the sum of N one-dimensional integrals. In addition, this paper compares the univariate-dimension reduction method with the brute force direct integration methodology and other methods based on Taylor expansions, such as perturbation approach and asymptotic expansion method discussed by Low and Cheung [2]. Two comprehensive examples are included to show the effectiveness of the method. At first, the performance of the univariate dimension-reduction method is evaluated by assessing the fatigue damage of a theoretical structure represented by a single stress response amplitude operator (RAO). Then, in order to show a case of practical application, the fatigue damage is evaluated for a Steel Lazy Wave Riser (SLWR) connected to an FPSO in a water depth of 2200 m.     

基于谱分析法的FPSO剩余疲劳寿命研究

疲劳破坏是船舶与海洋工程结构破坏的主要模式之一。多年来,船舶结构的疲劳断裂问题一直是造船界广泛关注的问题[1]。对于由大型油船改装而成的FPSO而言,预测并延长其服役寿命是很关键的。本文通过谱分析法对船体疲劳损伤度进行计算,分别对油船和FPSO阶段进行计算从而得到FPSO剩余疲劳寿命。通过建立3D有限元模型,采用热点应力方法来确定评估处应力传递函数,分别计算各个短期海况损伤度并通过线性叠加来计算总的损伤度以及剩余疲劳寿命。根据疲劳评估结果,更加高效地实施船体结构的检测及维修。     

典型船舶焊接接头应力集中系数有限元分析

利用MSC/Patran and MSC/Nastran对焊接中常见的对接接头焊趾处的应力集中系数进行有限元建模和计算,在分析有限元计算结果的基础上,提出比较完整的估算焊接接头应力集中系数公式。     

基于共同规范的散货船货舱口角隅疲劳强度评估

根据《散货船结构共同规范》（CSR）中疲劳强度评估的要求,使用MSC.Patran/Nastran和中国船级社开发的CSR自动加载程序,对176 000 dwt散货船货舱口角隅处进行疲劳强度分析。建立货舱口角隅处的结构有限元模型并细化网格,进行热点应力分析,根据线性疲劳累计损伤原理,进行了疲劳累计损伤计算,结果表明货舱口角隅处的疲劳强度满足规范要求。     

Comparison of different structural stress approaches for fatigue assessment of welded ship structures

The structural stress approach, which considers the stress increase due to the structural configuration, allows the fatigue strength assessment of welded ship structures with various geometries on the basis of an S–N curve depending only on the type of weld. However, a unique definition and the numerical calculation of the structural stresses are problematic, which has resulted in the development of different variants of the approach. These are discussed and compared with each other in the present paper. The application to three examples shows the variation and differences in the analysed stresses and predicted fatigue lives, which are compared with those derived from fatigue tests.     

船舶热点疲劳强度研究

以一艘71 000 t的散货船为研究对象,基于IACS的《散货船共同规范》和CCS的《船体结构疲劳强度指南》,采用热点应力法来进行疲劳强度的评估。对热点疲劳计算的结果进行分析和比较,指出用热点应力法进行疲劳强度评估时的影响因素。     

基于热-机耦合的柴油机气缸套强度研究

为使气缸套的结构设计、制造、强度校核及疲劳寿命分析更加精确化,利用有限元仿真软件,对某型柴油机气缸套在热负荷、机械应力作用下的应力及变形情况分别进行单边界条件计算和热-机顺序耦合计算,并做疲劳分析。结果表明,热-机械顺序耦合下气缸套的最大应力分布于气缸套内表面与上表面交界处,最大值不超过材料的极限应力;气缸套的最小疲劳安全系数满足设计要求,最有可能发生疲劳破坏的部位位于气缸套上部螺栓孔根部所处的高度平面、水套最底面所处平面及气缸套上表面外沿处。     

基于MSC.Fatigue的三体船连接桥疲劳寿命分析

提取三体船连接桥典型结构,通过基于S-N曲线的全寿命分析法,对三体船连接桥强度和疲劳寿命进行定性分析,得到连接桥的应力云图和疲劳寿命云图.通过仿真分析,比较几种不同的连接桥加强方式,认为在连接桥结构加强中采用添加局部横舱壁是一种较好的抗疲劳措施.     

弹振对超大型集装箱船疲劳强度的影响

超大型集装箱船在波浪激励下产生的弹振响应使得其疲劳强度问题十分突出。基于三维水弹性理论,结合有限元分析方法计算分析目标船典型节点的应力响应特性。采用双峰谱密度函数的疲劳损伤谱分析理论评估目标船的疲劳强度,通过与刚体理论下的计算结果相对比来分析弹振对目标船的影响。研究结果表明,相比于刚体理论计算结果,考虑弹振效应时目标船的疲劳寿命会极大地降低,甚至可达50%以上。     

动力沉桩中土体疲劳的计算方法探讨

介绍了一维波动理论和土体疲劳的各种计算方法,然后对渤海某海上桩基的打桩工程的沉桩性状进行数值模拟分析,通过对不同的桩侧土体疲劳计算模式的结果做比较分析,以及与实测结果比较,表明:不同方法对沉桩性状的影响力不同,该工程中,非线性土体疲劳计算方法能较好地对砂岩层中的沉桩进行模拟。