Regularization method and immune genetic algorithm for inverse problems of ship maneuvering

Ship maneuverability, in the field of ship engineering, is often predicted by maneuvering motion group MMG) mathematical model. Then it is necessary to determine hydrodynamic coefficients and interaction force coefficients of the model. Based on the data of free running model test, the problem for obtaining these coefficients is called inverse one. For the inverse problem, ill-oposedness is inherent, nonlinearity and great computation happen,and the computation is also insensitive, unstable and time-consuming. In the paper, a regnlarization method is introduced to solve ill-posed problem and genetic algorithm is used for nonlinear motion of ship maneuvering. In addition, the immunity is applied to solve the prematurity, to promote the global searching ability and to increase the converging speed. The combination of regnlarization method and immune genetic algorithm(RIGA) applied in MMG mathematical model, showed rapid converging speed and good stability.     

基于三维时域Green函数法的船舶在规则波浪中的运动数学模型

在小时间区域采用级数展开法, 在大时间区域采用渐进展开法, 在大、小时间过渡区域采用精细积分法, 对三维时域Green函数进行数值计算; 采用线性叠加原理求解船舶辐射与绕射问题, 构造出船舶在规则波浪中的运动数学模型, 并采用数值方法计算WigleyⅠ型船舶和S60型船舶以Froude数为0.2迎波浪航行时的水动力系数、波浪激励力与运动时间历程。计算结果表明: 由于不规则频率的影响, 当量纲一频率为1.7时, WigleyⅠ型船舶的垂荡附加质量计算结果比试验结果小44%, 当量纲一频率为2.5时, S60型船舶的纵摇阻尼系数计算结果比试验结果小43%;随着入射波频率的增加, WigleyⅠ型船舶和S60型船舶的水动力系数和波浪激励力的大部分计算结果与试验结果的相对误差小于30%, 且二者的变化趋势一致; 对于WigleyⅠ型船舶, 当波长与船长比为1.25时, 采用三维时域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子和纵摇幅值响应因子分别比试验值小11.3%和4.8%, 采用三维频域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子比试验值大48.4%, 纵摇幅值响应因子比试验值小48.4%, 当波长与船长比为1.50时, 采用三维时域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子和纵摇幅值响应因子分别比试验值小3.0%和11.3%, 采用三维频域方法计算的垂荡幅值响应因子比试验值大9.8%, 纵摇幅值响应因子比试验值小23.6%。可见, 采用三维时域方法能准确地仿真船舶在波浪中的运动时间历程。     

光学仪器法快速找寻轴系理论中心线的研究

舰船轴系装调过程中,理论中心线的确定方法有多种。本文采用光学仪器法快速找寻轴系理论中心线,理论支持性强,高效而独特,具有较强的实用性。     

两类弱非线性振动问题的新解法

用插值摄动法[1] 求解两类弱非线性振动问题 .其一是保守系统的非线性自由振动 ;其二是参数振动 .前者由于把求解微分方程的问题转化成为求解二次代数方程 ,计算过程十分简单 ;后者由于把一个二阶微分方程的求解转化成为两次积分问题 ,也使计算过程简化 .有算例、算例表明 ,本文结果是可靠的     

变系数二阶常微分方程的边界层型问题的插值摄动解法

用插值摄动法[1]求得了变系数二阶常微分方程的边界层型问题的一级近似解．由于该方法能公式化（如式（10））,故其计算过程显得十分简便．其精度甚至比多尺度法的还稍高一些.     

高速铁路基本走向决策方法和模型

分析了高速铁路基本走向方案比选特点, 应用较为成熟的AHP主观赋权法作为指标权重分配计算方法, 运用多目标决策分析原理, 综合多种系统评价方法提出了一种高速铁路基本走向决策方法, 并建立了优选模型, 决策者可以根据具体情况灵活地进行方案的评价与排序, 使方案决策具有针对性。实践证明该决策方法和模型能利用全部信息, 排序结果能够比较客观地符合高速铁路基本走向选择的实际情况。     

基于粗集理论的交通流丢失数据补齐方法

为了解决交通检测器检测到的数据存在丢失的问题,提出了一种基于粗集理论的丢失数据补齐方法。利用检测到的交通流数据构造信息系统,通过计算扩充可辨识矩阵,并对其进行多次完整化分析,实施丢失数据的补齐,并采用英国南安普敦市的实际检测数据对算法进行了验证。研究结果表明:同一时间段,当仅有一个属性数据丢失时,粗集理论的补齐精度较高,绝对相对误差较小,基本保持在0～5%之间;当不同属性的数据同时丢失时,补齐精度较低,绝对相对误差甚至高达20%;当所有属性数据全部丢失时,补齐精度非常低,可视为无法实现补齐。可见,粗集理论是一种补齐少量丢失数据的有效方法。     

Development of 2D hybrid equilibrium elements in large increment method

As a force-based finite element method (FEM), large increment method (LIM) has been developed in recent years. It has been shown that LIM provided prominent advantage of parallel computation with high efficiency and low time consumption for member structural system. To fully utilize its advantage in parallel computation, it is the time to extend LIM to 2D and 3D continua analysis. In this paper, a 2D finite element library with the capability of modeling arbitrary configurations is developed. Some illustrative numerical examples are solved by using the proposed library; the obtained results are compared with those obtained from both traditional displacement-based FEM and analytical solutions, which has clearly shown the advantages of LIM.     

A new model for simulation of cold roll-forming of tubes by using spline finite strip method

A new model,called object model,for the simulation of cold roll-forming of tubes is presented.The model inherits the advantages of old models and is the embodiment of forming process that the strip is rolled step by step from feed rollers to last rolling pass.The elastic-plastic large deformation spline finite strip method based on updated Lagrangian method has been developed by improving the stiffness and transition matrix.Combined theory formulas and new analytical model,the forming process of a tube has ...     

A simplified calculation method for non-stationary random seismic response of jacket platform

Jacket platform was simulated by non-uniform cantilever beam subjected to axial loading. Based on the Hamilton theory, the equation of bending motion was developed and solved by the classical Ritz method combined with the pseudo-excitation method (PEM) for non-stationary random response with non-classical damping. Usually, random response of this continuous structure is obtained by orthogonality of modes and some normal modes of the structure are needed, causing inconvenience in the analysis of the non-uniform beam whose normal modes are not easy to be obtained. However, if the PEM is extended to calculate random respouse by combining it with the classical Ritz method, the responses of non-uniform beam, such as auto-power spectral density (PSD) function, croes-PSD and higher spectral moments can be solved directly avoiding the calculation of normal modes. The numerical results show that the present method is effective and useful in aseismic design of platforms.     

Robust expected violation criterion for constrained robust design problems and its application in automotive lightweight design

Metamodeling techniques are commonly used to replace expensive computer simulations in robust design problems. Due to the discrepancy between the simulation model and metamodel, a robust solution in the infeasible region can be found according to the prediction error in constraint responses. In deterministic optimizations, balancing the predicted constraint and metamodeling uncertainty, expected violation (EV) criterion can be used to explore the design space and add samples to adaptively improve the fitting accuracy of the constraint boundary. However in robust design problems, the predicted error of a robust design constraint cannot be represented by the metamodel prediction uncertainty directly. The conventional EV-based sequential sampling method cannot be used in robust design problems. In this paper, by investigating the effect of metamodeling uncertainty on the robust design responses, an extended robust expected violation (REV) function is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of the robust design constraints. To validate the benefits of the proposed method, a crashworthiness-based lightweight design example, i.e. a highly nonlinear constrained robust design problem, is given. Results show that the proposed method can mitigate the prediction error in robust constraints and ensure the feasibility of the robust solution.     

FWD在道路工程中的应用

在研究目前国内外技术成果的基础上,结合道路工作实践, 对FWD的工作原理及检测方法作了简单介绍,对FWD的应用作了一些分析和概括。     

Asymmetric PCR method in generation of HBV ssDNA for pyrosequencing

Objective To explore the optimal primer ratio and concentration of asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (A-PCR) in producing hepatitis B virus (HBV) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for pyrosequencing. Methods A-PCR was carried out to generate HBV ssDNA with forward to reverse primers of different ratios (50 : 1, 100 : 1) and concentrations (13. 0 pmol/25μL and 0.14 pmol/25μL, 19. 5 pmol/25μL and 0. 21 pmol/25μL), and the product yield and quality were compared respectively. Results The forward to reverse primer ratio of 50 : 1 provided better yield and concentration of 19. 5 pmol/25μL and 0. 21 pmol//25μL generated a clearer band. Conclusion A simple and feasible method to produce HBV ssDNA for pyrosequencing in batch is established.     

城市客车自动离合器接合规律仿真及应用

分析了城市客车离合器接合过程,设计了自动离合器的接合规律,计算了一档起步、行驶换档和爬坡行驶等行驶特性下自动离合器的控制参数,并运用Cruise软件进行了汽车建模和仿真。仿真结果表明,该接合规律在保证汽车加速性的条件下,达到了满足汽车起步平顺、减小摩擦功和降低冲击度等性能指标。     

等值线法在超声法检测推定混凝土质量中的应用探讨

介绍了应用等值线法检测推定混凝土质量的分析方法,及其推断解释原理,结合工程实例,具体论述了采用该方法的过程及如何运用其判定混凝土质量,并介绍了相关的注意事项。     

模糊层次分析法在高技术企业创业环境评价中的应用

研究高技术企业创业环境评价问题，运用系统分析方法构建了高技术企业创业环境评价指标体系，在此基础上深入研究了模糊层次分析法在高技术企业创业环境评价中的具体运用．结果表明模糊层次分析法是高技术企业创业环境评价的一个新的、有效的方法，最后对模糊层次分析法应用的局限性作了简要的分析．     

Application of Nonlinear Predictive Control Based on RBF Network Predictive Model in MCFC Plant

This paper described a nonlinear model predictive controller for regulating a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). A detailed mechanism model of output voltage of a MCFC was presented at first. However, this model was too complicated to be used in a control system. Consequently, an off line radial basis function (RBF) network was introduced to build a nonlinear predictive model. And then, the optimal control sequences were obtained by applying golden mean method. The models and controller have been realized in the MATLAB environment. Simulation results indicate the proposed algorithm exhibits satisfying control effect even when the current densities vary largely.     

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在目前的交通影响评价工作中,针对公共交通系统的供需分析不足,研究较为薄弱. 本文在既有的交通影响评价分析方法的基础上,结合公交系统组织运营特点,以公交模型结构体系和功能定位分析为起点,研究并选取能够反映交通影响评价需求和公交服务水平的评价指标,设计了公交模型分析流程,并将公交模型引入到交通影响评价工作中. 结合交通影响评价实例分析,对交通影响评价中建设项目的公交运营组织进行分析和评价,利用公交模型分析各项评价指标的实用性和适应性,进一步完善了交通影响评价指标体系,拓展了公交模型的应用领域.     

连续性血液净化枸橼酸体外抗凝技术在高危出血患者中的应用

目的研究枸橼酸体外抗凝技术行连续性血液净化(continuous blood purification,CBP)的抗凝效果,解决高危出血倾向患者需行CBP时抗凝难的问题。方法32例高危出血倾向患者随机分为A、B两组,每组16例。均行CBP治疗,均采用枸橼酸抗凝剂为碱基的置换液。A组患者置换液输注速度为2 000 mL/h,血流量200 mL/min,枸橼酸浓度为13.3 mmol/L;B组置换液输注速度为4 000 mL/h,血流量250 mL/min,枸橼酸浓度为7 mmol/L。通过外周静脉补充钙剂。监测患者每日治疗前及结束时全血活化凝血时间(WBACT)、血气分析、血清离子钙及总钙水平。结果32例患者共行CBP治疗112次,总治疗时间1 238.3 h;置换液输入前WBACT与治疗前差异不显著,输入置换液后两组滤器后WBACT(s)较滤器前在2、4、6 h各时间点的延长均有显著性差异(P<0.01);治疗后患者碱剩余(BE)及pH无大幅度上升,无碱中毒出现;治疗前后血清总钙、离子钙水平无显著变化;不加重全身出血倾向,无其他严重不良反应。结论枸橼酸体外抗凝技术能解决高危出血倾向患者行CBP时抗凝难题。     

层次分析法在可持续交通系统评价体系中的应用

层次分析法是建立可持续交通系统评价指标体系中的一项关键技术,以具体城市为例,介绍利用塔式结构的评价模型,采用层次分析法计算各评价指标的权重,进而得出城市可持续交通系统的综合评判值。