人参皂苷Rg1对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中survivin蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察人参皂苷Rg1预处理对于大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后的survivin蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响,探讨人参皂苷Rg1对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后大鼠运动功能恢复的可能机制。方法选取成年健康的SD大鼠120只,构建大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型,随机分为假手术组、缺血组、缺血再灌注组及药物组。采用后肢神经运动功能(BBB)评价大鼠后肢神经运动功能;免疫组化法观察survivin蛋白及凋亡诱导因子(apoptosis-inducing factor, AIF)表达;Western blot及RT-PCR方法分析各组survivin及Caspase-9的表达和活性。结果人参皂苷Rg1的干预可以使大鼠后肢神经运动功能评分升高,AIF阳性细胞数减少、survivin蛋白阳性细胞数增多、survivin及Caspase-9的表达减少、神经细胞凋亡减少。结论人参皂苷Rg1可能通过促进survivin蛋白的表达来抑制Caspase-9表达以及降低胞质AIF的水平介导大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤造成的细胞凋亡。     

川乌对犬脊髓运动神经元损害的实验研究

对川乌中毒犬脊髓及脊神经病检时采用两种染色方法 ,发现其对脊髓腰段、胸段灰质内运动神经元有明显的损害 ,表现为神经元肿大、胞浆淡染、空泡变及神经细胞坏死崩解 ,可见卫星现象及噬神经细胞现象 ,Nissl小体崩解成微细颗粒。说明脊髓运动神经元是其毒性的又一重要靶器官。     

全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白在大鼠海马的表达及热休克预处理对其表达的影响

目的研究全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白在大鼠海马的表达及热休克预处理对其表达的影响。方法以四血管法建立全脑缺血再灌注模型。将大鼠置于42℃中15 min行热休克预处理,全脑缺血6 min后行2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h3、d、5 d再灌注后处死,取海马脑组织行HE染色、JUN蛋白免疫组化染色,TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞。结果缺血再灌注后2 h JUN蛋白在CA1区开始表达,6 h达到高峰,5 d时仍有表达;CA3区JUN蛋白的表达弱于CA1区(P<0.05);同时CA1区细胞损伤明显。热休克预处理组JUN蛋白表达在CA1和CA3区相应时点减弱(P<0.05),细胞损伤轻微,凋亡细胞减少(P<0.05)。结论全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白过度表达参与了神经元损伤过程,热休克预处理通过下调JUN蛋白过度表达具有脑保护作用。     

消肿止痛合剂对大鼠皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤及p38MAPK-PPARγ/NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的 观察消肿止痛合剂对大鼠皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤及p38MAPK-PPARγ/NF-κB信号通路的影响。方法 皮瓣术后观察各组大鼠背部皮瓣的存活情况及皮瓣存活率,用HE染色、TUNEL染色及qRT-PCR法检测大鼠皮瓣血管内皮细胞中炎性因子的浸润程度、细胞核的破坏程度以及p38MAPK、PPARγ、NF-κB的分布特点及其mRNA表达水平。结果 术后假手术组皮瓣存活面积最大,模型对照组与PPARγ抑制剂组皮瓣存活面积最小;HE染色与TUNEL染色结果模型对照组与PPARγ抑制剂组大鼠皮瓣组织细胞破坏严重,可见明显凋亡细胞,模型组大鼠皮瓣组织细胞呈单层排列,细胞核完整,清晰;qRT-PCR实验结果显示,与模型组相比,消肿止痛合剂组大鼠皮瓣组织中p38MAPK、NF-κB的表达被抑制(P<0.05),而PPARγ的表达有所升高(P<0.05),当加入阻断剂后,皮瓣组织中p38MAPK、NF-κB及PPARγ的表达进一步被抑制。结论 消肿止痛合剂可以减少皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型中炎性细胞的浸润,减轻炎症反应,减少凋亡细胞的生成,进而减轻皮瓣的缺血再灌注损伤,并促进大鼠皮瓣的存活,...     

肝动脉桥式置管转流对供肝及胆道组织细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的验证肝动脉桥式置管转流这一方法是否能够减轻肝动脉缺血(hepatic artery ischemia,HAI)引起的肝胆细胞凋亡。方法应用简易犬肝自体原位移植模型,将24只杂交犬随机分为肝动脉缺血组(HAI组,8只)、肝动脉桥式置管转流组(TBB组,8只)及对照组(8只)。在制模后,3组动物均于冷灌注后不同时点切取肝脏、胆道组织,分别用戊二醛及40 g/L多聚甲醛溶液固定,进行电镜观察和TUNEL染色,观察肝胆组织形态学改变及细胞凋亡情况,并计算两组的凋亡指数。结果在冷灌注后2 h,HAI组电镜下出现较明显的肝胆细胞凋亡现象;肝动脉桥式置管转流组肝胆细胞凋亡现象少见;对照组难以找到凋亡肝胆细胞。TUNEL法染色切片显示,冷灌注后3组肝胆组织内均有少量凋亡细胞,其凋亡指数相差不大(P>0.05);随冷灌注后时间的延长,3组凋亡细胞的数量均有所增加,但HAI组凋亡指数的升高更为显著,肝动脉桥式置管转流组次之,对照组变化不大,3组间差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论肝动脉桥式置管转流对肝移植时肝动脉缺血所导致的肝胆细胞凋亡具有显著保护作用,应在继续完善改进的基础上实施于临床。     

川芎嗪对成体大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回细胞增殖的影响

目的研究川芎嗪(tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)细胞增殖的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠行2 h大脑中动脉阻塞手术,术后2 h开始腹腔注射TMP[40 mg/(kg.d)]。手术后腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿核苷(5-bromodeoxyuridine,BrdU),末次注射24 h后处死动物,免疫组化染色观察TMP对脑缺血再灌注损伤后DG细胞增殖的作用。结果正常组和假手术组在DG有少量BrdU阳性细胞,对照组缺血后1 d阳性细胞开始增加,14 d达到高峰(P<0.05),TMP治疗组缺血后1 d损伤侧BrdU阳性细胞数开始增加,7 d达高峰(P<0.05)。结论TMP能促进缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马齿状回内源性神经干细胞增殖。     

缺血后处理对缺血-再灌注大鼠肠黏膜的抗损伤作用

目的探讨缺血后处理对缺血-再灌注大鼠肠黏膜的抗损伤作用。方法复制SD大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤模型。实验分为4组(n=8):假手术组(S)、缺血-再灌注组(I/R)、缺血预处理组(IPC)、缺血后处理组(I-post)。比较各组大鼠肠黏膜丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性变化;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测肠黏膜细胞凋亡发生率;Chius评分法观察肠黏膜的损伤情况。结果与I/R组相比,IPC组和I-post组大鼠肠黏膜MDA含量和MPO活性均显著降低,而SOD活性明显升高;再灌注后可见明显的肠黏膜细胞凋亡现象,I-post组和IPC组凋亡指数较I/R组显著下降,组织病理损伤亦明显减轻。I-post组和IPC组相比,各项指标无显著性差异。结论缺血后处理可通过抑制再灌注后氧自由基的过量产生,保护抗氧化系统,从而抑制肠黏膜细胞凋亡,减轻肠缺血-再灌注损伤。     

观察脑啡肽在大鼠缺血再灌注脑组织中的表达特点

目的观察大脑中动脉缺血再灌注大鼠脑皮层和海马CA1区脑啡肽的表达,探讨缺血时间和再灌注时间的改变对脑啡肽含量、分布的影响。方法 56只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为7组,通过线栓法制作双侧大脑中动脉栓塞大鼠模型,在预定的时间点取脑组织固定,进行免疫组化及免疫荧光染色评估脑组织中脑啡肽的表达。结果假手术组与实验组皮层、海马CA1区均可见脑啡肽阳性表达及脑啡肽阳性细胞。实验组皮层及海马CA1区脑啡肽的含量与假手术组比较从再灌注8h后开始增加,24h增加明显,且缺血100min组脑啡肽含量较缺血30min组增加明显(P<0.05)。实验组海马CA1区阳性细胞数与假手术组比较无明显差异(P>0.05),皮层内脑啡肽阳性细胞数实验组在再灌注8h开始增加,24h增加明显,且缺血100min组脑啡肽阳性细胞数较缺血30min组增加明显(P<0.05)。结论皮层和海马CA1区脑啡肽的表达随缺血时间和再灌注时间延长而增加;皮层内脑啡肽表达的增加既包括脑啡肽总含量的增加,也包括脑啡肽阳性细胞数的增加,而海马CA1区仅仅表现为脑啡肽总含量的增加。     

c-Jun氨基末端激酶信号通路在大鼠脑缺血再灌注过程中的作用

目的探讨c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路在大鼠脑缺血再灌注过程中所发挥的作用。方法雄性SD大鼠108只,体重290-310 g,随机分成假手术组(SH组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和JNK抑制剂SP600125组(SP组),分别于缺血前30 min侧脑室注射10 mL/L二甲基亚砜(DMSO)1、0 mL/L DMSO及JNK抑制剂SP600125。每组再根据再灌注时间分为2、6、12、24、487、2 h 6个亚组,每亚组6只动物。采用4-VO法建立SD大鼠全脑缺血模型,在预定时间点行灌注、固定、取脑、石蜡包埋切片;免疫组化方法检测p-JNK的表达变化,光镜下计数海马CA1区存活细胞,TUNEL法检测CA1区凋亡细胞。结果脑缺血再灌注后海马CA1区p-JNK在IR组有明显表达,于再灌注2 h时即明显升高,6 h时略有降低,后逐渐上升,24 h到高峰,之后表达量减小。SP组p-JNK的表达则无明显增高,各时点与IR组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。海马CA1区神经元存活数目SP组明显高于IR组(P<0.01),凋亡指数显著低于IR组(P<0.01)。结论在大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤过程中,JNK信号通路发挥了重要作用,抑制JNK通路的激活可对脑缺血再灌注损伤导致的细胞损伤起到保护作用。     

瑞芬太尼预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨瑞芬太尼预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤中细胞凋亡的影响。方法 SD大鼠20只,体重280～320 g,随机分为2组。瑞芬太尼预处理(R)组(n=10)经股静脉注入瑞芬太尼,速度为0.6μg/(kg.min),每次输注5 min,连续3次,中间间隔5 min;盐水对照(C)组(n=10)经股静脉注入生理盐水,每次输注5 min,连续3次,中间间隔5 min;30 min后对所有动物的右侧颈内动脉用尼龙线线栓法致大脑中动脉阻闭120 min,然后拔出尼龙线恢复再灌注。再灌注2 h后处死动物,取大脑组织标本,原位细胞凋亡法测定细胞凋亡的情况,HE染色观察形态学变化。结果光镜观察发现R组细胞肿胀坏死明显减轻,凋亡细胞及坏死细胞较C组明显减少。再灌2 h后R组凋亡细胞阳性率、TUNEL阳性率较C组减少(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼能减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤,抑制神经细胞凋亡坏死,具有脑保护作用。     

Apoptosis of motor neurons in the spinal cord after ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia in rabbits

Objective To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia. Methods The infrarenal aorta of White New Zealand rabbits （n=24） was occluded for 26 minutes using two bulldog clamps. Rabbits were killed after 8, 24, 72, or 168 hours （n=6 per group）, respectively. The clamps was placed but never clamped in sham-operated rabbits （n=24）. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord （L5 to L7） was used for morphological studies, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic neurons in spinal cord were measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling of DNA fragments （TUNEL） staining. Results Delayed paraplegia occurred in all rabbits of ischemia reperfusion group at 16-24 hours, but not in sham groups. Motor neurons were selectively lost at 7 days after transient ischemia. After ischemia, the positive expression of bcl-2 protein were in the sham controls but decreased significantly as compared with that of the IR group （P〈0.01）, especially in 72 hours reperfusion. The positive expression of bax protein were also in the sham controls, but increased in the IR group, especially in 72 hours reperfusion; In addition, TUNEL study demonstrated that no cells were positively labeled until 24 hours after ischemia, but nuclei of some motor neurons were positively labeled at peak after ischemia reperfusion at 72 hours. Oenclusion Spinal cord ischemia in rabbits induces morphological and biochemical changes suggestive of apoptosis. These data raise the possibility that apoptosis contributes to neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia reperfnsion.     

Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

Apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord neurons in cauda equina syndrome rats

Objective To explore the law of apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord neurons in cauda equina syndrome (CES). Methods Cauda equina of rats was compressed by a piece of silica gel stick. From day 1 to day 28, the lumbar spinal cord specimens were harvested and assessed by Nissl's staining and TUNEL staining. Results Compression of cauda equina caused lesion and apoptosis of neurons in lumbar spinal cord, and the extent of apoptosis reached the peak on 7th day after compression. Conclusion Apoptosis of neurons in lumbar spinal cord might be one of the reasons why patients with CES get poor prognosis.     

THE EXPRESSION OF BCL-2, BAX AND CASPASE-3 IN NEURON OF THE SPINAL CORD ANTERIOR HORN AFTER CAUDA EQUINA ACUTE COMPRESSION

Objective To explore the influence of the acute cauda equina compression on the iumbosacral spinal cord; To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron after acute cauda equina compression. Methods 27 canis familiaris were randomly divided into 9 groups （3 in each） ： one for normal group, one for control group, and seven for compression groups. The control group and compressed groups was given operation and the sac made of silica gel was placed under the lamina of L5-6. Water was injected into the sac until their posterior legs paralysis in compressed groups, the animals had been compressed for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 hours. The control group were not injected water. Cells apoptosis was investigated with the technology of TdT-mediated biotin dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） staining. The Bcl-2 Bax and Caspase-3 protein was investigated by immunohistochemical method. Results TUNEL staining cells in anterior horn presented after compressed 8-12 hours, and at 72 hours the number of positive cells got to maximum, it decreased subsequently after 168 hours. The protein of Bax, Bcl-2 expressed a little in normal motor neuron. The caspase-3 protein didn＇t express in normal ceil. They all reached the peak at 72 hours after compression. Conclusion The apoptosis of motor neuron occurred earlier after eauda equina acute compression. Bax protein restrained Bcl-2 protein then active caspase-3 and conduced apoptosis of motor neuron.     

肝动脉缺血对肝细胞凋亡的影响及其机制初探

目的　探讨肝动脉缺血 (HAI)过程中氧自由基对肝细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法　将家兔按再灌注后有无HAI分为HAI组和对照组。在兔肝自体原位移植模型基础上 ,应用原位末端标记 (TUNEL)技术、免疫组化法和比色法 ,检测肝细胞凋亡指数 (AI)、bc1 2蛋白表达和肝组织中MDA生成水平。结果　随着HAI时间的出现和延长 ,肝细胞凋亡指数增大。当HAI 3h时 ,HAI组凋亡指数增高为 12 .5 %± 1.38% ,与同组HAI 30min、HAI 2h和对照组的AI值比较均有显著性升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。bc1 2蛋白表达阳性细胞于再灌注后增多 ,但HAI组与对照组比较 ,各时点均无明显差异。同时 ,肝组织内MDA含量逐渐增多 ,HAI组HAI 3h达到最高 ,同组HAI各时点的MDA含量比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　HAI损伤可通过进一步促进缺血再灌注后氧自由基的生成而加重肝细胞凋亡的发生 ,阻碍供肝功能的恢复 ,是肝移植后供肝功能不全和并发症发生的关键因素之一。     

家兔内关穴区感觉及运动神经元节段性分布 (辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)法研究)

用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)法研究了8例家兔内关穴区感觉及运功神经的来源。发现在注射侧的C_5—T_1脊神经节和C_7—T_1脊髓内有标记细胞,且标记细胞以C_8和T_1为最集中。在脊髓内,标记细胞位于前角外侧区或前角与侧角交界区(Ⅷ和Ⅸ层);在脊神经节内,标记细胞主要位于周缘区(占47.27%)。另外,还讨论了穴位相对特异性与穴区感觉及运动神经元的分布节段及其分布节段集中性的关系。     

APOPTOSIS AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY IN RATS

Traditionallythinking,themodeofneurondeathafterspinalcordinjuryisnecrosis.There-centstudiesshowthatapoptosismayplayaroleinthepathophysiologicalprocessofspinalcordin-jury"'-Inthisstudy,apoptosisinspinalcordin-juryinratswasobsevedandanalyzedinordertooffertheoreticalevidenceforpathogenesisofspinalcordinjury.MATERIALSANDMETHODS1Animalsurgeryandtissueprocessing36femaleSprague-Dawleyratsweighing25ol2Ogwererandomlydividedinto9groups,4ineachgroup.onegroupconsistedofnormalnon-operatedrats,inth…     

高氧液对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤pHi的影响

目的观察兔心肌缺血再灌注时胃黏膜pH值(pHi)的变化,探讨高氧液对心肌缺血再灌注兔pHi的影响。方法20只成年雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成对照组(n=10)及高氧液组(n=10)。高氧液组每天静脉给予10 mL/kg高氧液,20 min内匀速泵完,连续7 d,对照组用同样方法给予生理盐水,最后一次处理结束后,开胸结扎兔冠状动脉左室支30 min,再灌注后1 h、2 h分别记录心电图,左室内收缩压(LVSP)、左室收缩压上升最大速率( dp/dt max)、心率和pHi值。结果高氧液明显降低心电图S-T段的升高程度并改善血流动力学变化。pHi在缺血再灌注后显著降低,但高氧液组pHi降低幅度在再灌注后1 h、2 h明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在兔缺血再灌注前,静脉输入高氧液可以明显改善胃肠道微循环灌注和组织氧合。