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1.
The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper estimates a passenger railway demand function to analyse effects arising from the introduction and use of high-speed
technologies. The paper reports estimates of demand elasticities with respect to price, income, quality of service and a range
of exogenous characteristics. The results show that travel time savings from conventional high-speed technology have a larger
impact on passenger demand than tilting train technology. The introduction of conventional high-speed technology is associated
with an 8% increase in passenger railway demand. Increasing the use of either type of high-speed technology appears to induce
small positive effects on demand beyond those obtained from usual traffic density increases on non-high-speed existing technology.
Antonio Couto is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) at the University of Porto. He received his PhD from FEUP in 2005 having completed a thesis in railway transport economics. His research focuses on issues related to transport economics and infrastructures. Daniel J. Graham is a Reader in the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He specialises in the economics of transport, focusing in particular on modelling the implications of transport provision and accessibility for productivity and economic growth. 相似文献
Daniel J. Graham (Corresponding author)Email: |
Antonio Couto is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) at the University of Porto. He received his PhD from FEUP in 2005 having completed a thesis in railway transport economics. His research focuses on issues related to transport economics and infrastructures. Daniel J. Graham is a Reader in the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He specialises in the economics of transport, focusing in particular on modelling the implications of transport provision and accessibility for productivity and economic growth. 相似文献
2.
Erika Spissu Abdul Rawoof Pinjari Ram M. Pendyala Chandra R. Bhat 《Transportation》2009,36(4):403-422
In this paper, a joint model of vehicle type choice and utilization is formulated and estimated on a data set of vehicles
drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The joint discrete–continuous model system formulated in this study
explicitly accounts for common unobserved factors that may affect the choice and utilization of a certain vehicle type (i.e.,
self-selection effects). A new copula-based methodology is adopted to facilitate model estimation without imposing restrictive
distribution assumptions on the dependency structures between the errors in the discrete and continuous choice components.
The copula-based methodology is found to provide statistically superior goodness-of-fit when compared with previous estimation
approaches for joint discrete–continuous model systems. The model system, when applied to simulate the impacts of a doubling
in fuel price, shows that individuals are more likely to shift vehicle type choices than vehicle usage patterns.
Erika Spissu is currently a Research Fellow at the University of Cagliari (Italy). She received her Ph.D. from the University of Palermo and University of Cagliari (Italy) in Transport techniques and economics. She spent the past 2 years at The University of Texas at Austin as a Research Scholar focusing primarily in activity-based travel behavior modeling, time use analysis, and travel demand forecasting. Abdul Pinjari is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of South Florida, Tampa. His research interests include time-use and travel-behavior analysis, and activity-based approaches to travel-demand forecasting. He has his Ph.D. from The University of Texas at Austin. Ram M. Pendyala is a Professor of Transportation Systems in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Sustainable Engineering at Arizona State University. He teaches and conducts research in travel behavior analysis, travel demand modeling and forecasting, activity-based microsimulation approaches, and time use. He specializes in integrated land use-transport models, transport policy formulation, and public transit planning and design. He is currently the Vice-Chair of the International Association for Travel Behavior Research and is the immediate past chair of the Transportation Research Board Committee on Traveler Behavior and Values. He has his PhD from the University of California at Davis. Chandra R. Bhat is a Professor in Transportation at The University of Texas at Austin. He has contributed toward the development of advanced econometric techniques for travel behavior analysis, in recognition of which he received the 2004 Walter L. Huber Award and the 2005 James Laurie Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and the 2008 Wilbur S. Smith Distinguished Transportation Educator Award from the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). He is the immediate past chair of the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Demand Forecasting and the International Association for Travel Behaviour Research. 相似文献
Chandra R. Bhat (Corresponding author)Email: |
Erika Spissu is currently a Research Fellow at the University of Cagliari (Italy). She received her Ph.D. from the University of Palermo and University of Cagliari (Italy) in Transport techniques and economics. She spent the past 2 years at The University of Texas at Austin as a Research Scholar focusing primarily in activity-based travel behavior modeling, time use analysis, and travel demand forecasting. Abdul Pinjari is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of South Florida, Tampa. His research interests include time-use and travel-behavior analysis, and activity-based approaches to travel-demand forecasting. He has his Ph.D. from The University of Texas at Austin. Ram M. Pendyala is a Professor of Transportation Systems in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Sustainable Engineering at Arizona State University. He teaches and conducts research in travel behavior analysis, travel demand modeling and forecasting, activity-based microsimulation approaches, and time use. He specializes in integrated land use-transport models, transport policy formulation, and public transit planning and design. He is currently the Vice-Chair of the International Association for Travel Behavior Research and is the immediate past chair of the Transportation Research Board Committee on Traveler Behavior and Values. He has his PhD from the University of California at Davis. Chandra R. Bhat is a Professor in Transportation at The University of Texas at Austin. He has contributed toward the development of advanced econometric techniques for travel behavior analysis, in recognition of which he received the 2004 Walter L. Huber Award and the 2005 James Laurie Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and the 2008 Wilbur S. Smith Distinguished Transportation Educator Award from the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). He is the immediate past chair of the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Demand Forecasting and the International Association for Travel Behaviour Research. 相似文献
3.
Residential location,vehicle ownership and travel in Asia: a comparative analysis of Kei-Han-Shin and Kuala Lumpur metropolitan areas 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The study examines the relationships between residential location, vehicle ownership and mobility in two metropolitan areas
of Asia, Kei-Han-Shin area of Japan and Kuala Lumpur area of Malaysia. It shows that, behind apparent similarities of household
auto ownership and travel time expenditure per household member, there are many causal relationships that are distinct between
the areas. The similarities and differences between the two areas point to the conjecture that the evolution of a metropolitan
area may be unique and path dependent, being heavily influenced by the history and culture of the locale, spatial and geographical
constraints, and historical progression in infrastructure development.
Metin Senbil is an Associate Professor in City and Regional Planning Department at Gazi University in Ankara, Turkey. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan. His research interests cover different aspects of urban travel demand and its interactions with telecommunications, land use, and policies directed at controlling as well as managing travel demand. Ryuichi Kitamura is Professor of Civil Engineering Systems at Kyoto University, Japan. His past research effort spans in the area of travel behavior analysis and demand forecasting, in particular in activity-based analysis, and panel surveys and dynamic analysis of travel behavior. He is associate editor of Transportation. Dr Jamilah Mohamad is Professor and Head of the Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Her main fields of research interest are travel behavior, the relationship between transport and spatial development and urban growth management. 相似文献
Jamilah MohamadEmail: |
Metin Senbil is an Associate Professor in City and Regional Planning Department at Gazi University in Ankara, Turkey. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan. His research interests cover different aspects of urban travel demand and its interactions with telecommunications, land use, and policies directed at controlling as well as managing travel demand. Ryuichi Kitamura is Professor of Civil Engineering Systems at Kyoto University, Japan. His past research effort spans in the area of travel behavior analysis and demand forecasting, in particular in activity-based analysis, and panel surveys and dynamic analysis of travel behavior. He is associate editor of Transportation. Dr Jamilah Mohamad is Professor and Head of the Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Her main fields of research interest are travel behavior, the relationship between transport and spatial development and urban growth management. 相似文献
4.
Singapore motorisation restraint and its implications on travel behaviour and urban sustainability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Piotr S. Olszewski 《Transportation》2007,34(3):319-335
The example of Singapore shows that rapid urban and economic growth does not have to bring traffic congestion and pollution.
Singapore has chosen to restrain car traffic demand due to its limited land supply. Transport policy based on balanced development
of road and transit infrastructure and restraint of traffic has been consistently implemented for the past 30 years. Combined
with land use planning, it resulted in a modern transport system, which is free from major congestion and provides users with
different travel alternatives. As the economic growth caused a substantial increase in demand for cars, several pricing policies
were introduced with the aim of restraining car ownership and usage. Growth of the vehicle population is now controlled and
potentially congested roads are subject to road pricing. These measures help to keep the roads free from major congestion,
maintain car share of work trips below 25% and keep the transport energy usage low. Although Singapore conditions are in many
aspects unique, its travel demand experience can provide useful lessons for other rapidly growing cities in Asia.
相似文献
Piotr S. OlszewskiEmail: |
5.
Railway reforms: do they influence operating efficiency? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper considers railway operations in 23 European countries during 1995–2001, where a series of reform initiatives were
launched by the European Commission, and analyses whether these reform initiatives improved the efficiency of the railway
systems. Efficiency is measured using Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis, which enables investigation of how railway reforms
affect the inefficiencies of specific cost drivers. The main findings are that the reform initiatives generally improve technical
efficiency but potentially differently for different cost drivers. Specifically, the paper provides empirical evidence that
accounting separation is important for improving the efficiency in the use of both material and staff costs, whereas other
reforms only influenced one of these factors.
Mette Asmild is Associate Professor in Operational Research at Warwick Business School (UK). Her main research interests are theoretical developments and practical applications of efficiency and productivity analysis techniques, particularly Data Envelopment Analysis. Torben Holvad is Economic Adviser at the European Railway Agency (France), senior research associate at the Transport Studies Unit (University of Oxford) and external associate professor at the Department of Transport (Danish Technical University). He obtained Economics degrees from Copenhagen University (MSc) and the European University Institute in Florence (PhD). Jens Leth Hougaard is Professor in Applied Microeconomics at Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen. His main research interests are related to applied microeconomics and include Efficiency Analysis and Benchmarking. Currently, he is working with cost sharing methods and allocation in networks. Dorte Kronborg is MSc in mathematical statistics from the University of Aarhus and Associate Professor at Center for Statistics, Department of Finance, Copenhagen Business School. Her primary research interests are applications and development of mathematical statistical methods within business economics. 相似文献
Dorte KronborgEmail: |
Mette Asmild is Associate Professor in Operational Research at Warwick Business School (UK). Her main research interests are theoretical developments and practical applications of efficiency and productivity analysis techniques, particularly Data Envelopment Analysis. Torben Holvad is Economic Adviser at the European Railway Agency (France), senior research associate at the Transport Studies Unit (University of Oxford) and external associate professor at the Department of Transport (Danish Technical University). He obtained Economics degrees from Copenhagen University (MSc) and the European University Institute in Florence (PhD). Jens Leth Hougaard is Professor in Applied Microeconomics at Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen. His main research interests are related to applied microeconomics and include Efficiency Analysis and Benchmarking. Currently, he is working with cost sharing methods and allocation in networks. Dorte Kronborg is MSc in mathematical statistics from the University of Aarhus and Associate Professor at Center for Statistics, Department of Finance, Copenhagen Business School. Her primary research interests are applications and development of mathematical statistical methods within business economics. 相似文献
6.
In auto-oriented communities, access to an automobile is essential for good mobility, but not everyone owns a car or is able
to drive. Little is known about how individuals in these circumstances might still use vehicles for transportation. To provide
insight on the nature of vehicle use by those with potentially limited vehicle access, we present qualitative findings from
focus groups with recent Mexican immigrants living in California, half of whom owned no cars. Our results demonstrate varying
degrees of participants’ access to vehicle travel not always corresponding to auto ownership, with extensive sharing of cars,
borrowing of cars, and getting rides. We describe the different dimensions of vehicle access that participants experienced
and identify specific factors that seemed to influence their access levels. We discuss the implications of our findings for
transportation policy and future research.
相似文献
Susan HandyEmail: |
7.
An analysis on long term emission benefits of a government vehicle fleet replacement plan in northern illinois 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
There have been a number of studies of the effectiveness of vehicle scrappage programs, which offer incentives to accelerated
scrappage of older vehicles often thought to be high emitters. These programs are voluntary and aimed at replacement of household
vehicles. In contrast, there is a gap in knowledge related to the emissions benefits of government fleet replacement (retirement)
programs. In this study, the efficacy of a fleet replacement program for a local government agency in Northern Illinois, the
Forest Preserve of DuPage County (FPDC), is examined using a probabilistic vehicle survival model that accounts for time-varying
covariates such as vehicle age and gasoline price. The vehicle lifetime operating emissions are calculated based on the estimated
vehicle survival probabilities from the survival model and compared with those derived using the EPA default fleet used in
MOBILE6 and the fleet represented by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) survival curve. The results suggest that while
there may be short term emission benefits of the FPDC fleet replacement plan, the long-term emission benefits are highly sensitive
to economic factors (e.g., future gasoline price) and exhibit a decreasing trend. This indicates that an adaptive multi-stage
replacement strategy as opposed to a fixed one is preferable to achieve optimal cost effectiveness.
Dr. Jie Lin (Jane) is an assistant professor in Department of Civil and Materials Engineering and a researcher with the Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at University of Illinois at Chicago. Her current research is focused on transportation sustainability through holistic modeling of energy consumption and emissions associated with private, freight, and public transportation activities. Dr. Cynthia Chen is an assistant professor in the civil engineering department at City College of New York. Her research expertise and interests cover travel behavior analysis, land use and transportation, transportation safety, and environmental analysis. Dr. Deb Niemeier is a professor at UC Davis and her current research focus is on the nexus between transportation, land use and climate change, particularly how land use and transportation decisions affect energy consumption and contribute to climate change. She is considered an expert on transportation-air quality modeling and policy and sustainability. 相似文献
Debbie A. NiemeierEmail: |
Dr. Jie Lin (Jane) is an assistant professor in Department of Civil and Materials Engineering and a researcher with the Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at University of Illinois at Chicago. Her current research is focused on transportation sustainability through holistic modeling of energy consumption and emissions associated with private, freight, and public transportation activities. Dr. Cynthia Chen is an assistant professor in the civil engineering department at City College of New York. Her research expertise and interests cover travel behavior analysis, land use and transportation, transportation safety, and environmental analysis. Dr. Deb Niemeier is a professor at UC Davis and her current research focus is on the nexus between transportation, land use and climate change, particularly how land use and transportation decisions affect energy consumption and contribute to climate change. She is considered an expert on transportation-air quality modeling and policy and sustainability. 相似文献
8.
This paper develops a comprehensive approach to the definition of transportation analysis zones (TAZ), and therein, presents
a new methodology and algorithm for the definition of TAZ embedded in geographic information systems software, improves the
base algorithm with several local algorithms, and comprehensively analyses the obtained results. The results obtained are
then compared to these presently used in the transportation analysis process of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The proposed
algorithm presents a new methodology for TAZ design based on a smoothed density surface of geocoded travel demand data. The
algorithm aims to minimise the loss of information when moving from a continuous representation of the origin and destination
of each trip to their discrete representations through zones, and focuses on the trade-off between the statistical precision,
geographical error, and the percentage of intra-zonal trips of the resulting OD matrix. The results for the Lisbon Metropolitan
Area case study suggest a significant improvement in OD matrix estimates compared to current transportation analysis practises
based on administrative units.
Luis M. Martínez is a Civil Engineer from the Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon since 2004. After finishing his degree, he started his work as researcher in the CESUR (Civil Engineering & Architecture Department—Instituto Superior Técnico) where he has been working since. In 2006 he completed his Master Thesis at Instituto Superior Técnico on Traffic Analysis Zones modeling and started his PhD studies on the theme: Metropolitan Transportation Systems Financing Using the Value Capture Concept. José Manuel Viegas is Full Professor of Transportation at the Civil Engineering & Architecture Department of the Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon. He has worked extensively in Modeling, Innovation and Policy in several types of Transport Systems. He was founder and first Director General of Transportnet, a group of eight leading European Universities with Advanced Studies in Transportation, and currently leads the Portuguese side of the Transportation Systems area in the MIT—Portugal program. Elisabete A. Silva is at the University of Cambridge (University Lecturer in Planning at the Department of Land Economy and a Fellow of Robinson College). With more than 100 contributions in peer review journals, books/books chapters, conference proceedings, and a research track record of approximately 16 years, (both at the public and private sector), her research interests are centred on the application of new technologies to spatial planning in particular city and metropolitan dynamic modelling through time. 相似文献
Elisabete A. SilvaEmail: |
Luis M. Martínez is a Civil Engineer from the Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon since 2004. After finishing his degree, he started his work as researcher in the CESUR (Civil Engineering & Architecture Department—Instituto Superior Técnico) where he has been working since. In 2006 he completed his Master Thesis at Instituto Superior Técnico on Traffic Analysis Zones modeling and started his PhD studies on the theme: Metropolitan Transportation Systems Financing Using the Value Capture Concept. José Manuel Viegas is Full Professor of Transportation at the Civil Engineering & Architecture Department of the Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon. He has worked extensively in Modeling, Innovation and Policy in several types of Transport Systems. He was founder and first Director General of Transportnet, a group of eight leading European Universities with Advanced Studies in Transportation, and currently leads the Portuguese side of the Transportation Systems area in the MIT—Portugal program. Elisabete A. Silva is at the University of Cambridge (University Lecturer in Planning at the Department of Land Economy and a Fellow of Robinson College). With more than 100 contributions in peer review journals, books/books chapters, conference proceedings, and a research track record of approximately 16 years, (both at the public and private sector), her research interests are centred on the application of new technologies to spatial planning in particular city and metropolitan dynamic modelling through time. 相似文献
9.
This paper reports the results of a stated-preference study aimed at investigating how transport decisions are made by receivers
or by transport operators about the potential use of an urban freight consolidation centre in the city of Fano, Italy. Because
there are no revealed preference data, a stated-choice methodology is used. The stated-choice experiments present two alternatives—one
using a private vehicle subject to various traffic regulations and one using the urban freight consolidation centre with varying
cost and efficiency levels. Conventional discrete choice data modelling shows that the potential demand is influenced mainly
by the distance of the parking bay from the shop, by access permit cost, by the service cost of the urban freight consolidation
centre, and by the delay in delivery time. Simulations are then performed to assess how the potential demand is affected by
various incentives and regulations affecting urban goods distribution.
Edoardo Marcucci is Associate Professor of Applied Economics at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Italy, General Secretary of the Italian Society of Transportation Economists, and co-founder of the Kuhmo—Nectar Conference and Summer School Series on Pricing, Financing, Regulating Transport Infrastructures and Services. He has studied freight transportation concentrating on interactions along logistic supply chains. Romeo Danielis is Full Professor at the University of Trieste, Italy. He is managing editor of European Transport\Trasporti Europei. He has published articles on input-output modelling, regional environmental policy, social costing of transport externalities, EU enlargement and on several transport issues including road pricing, the Down-Thompson paradox, energy use and CO2 emissions, freight transport demand and stated preferences. 相似文献
Edoardo MarcucciEmail: |
Edoardo Marcucci is Associate Professor of Applied Economics at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Italy, General Secretary of the Italian Society of Transportation Economists, and co-founder of the Kuhmo—Nectar Conference and Summer School Series on Pricing, Financing, Regulating Transport Infrastructures and Services. He has studied freight transportation concentrating on interactions along logistic supply chains. Romeo Danielis is Full Professor at the University of Trieste, Italy. He is managing editor of European Transport\Trasporti Europei. He has published articles on input-output modelling, regional environmental policy, social costing of transport externalities, EU enlargement and on several transport issues including road pricing, the Down-Thompson paradox, energy use and CO2 emissions, freight transport demand and stated preferences. 相似文献
10.
Erika Spissu Abdul Rawoof Pinjari Chandra R. Bhat Ram M. Pendyala Kay W. Axhausen 《Transportation》2009,36(5):483-510
Activity-travel behavior research has hitherto focused on the modeling and understanding of daily time use and activity patterns
and resulting travel demand. In this particular paper, an analysis and modeling of weekly activity-travel behavior is presented
using a unique multi-week activity-travel behavior data set collected in and around Zurich, Switzerland. The paper focuses
on six categories of discretionary activity participation to understand the determinants of, and the inter-personal and intra-personal
variability in, weekly activity engagement at a detailed level. A panel version of the Mixed Multiple Discrete Continuous
Extreme Value model (MMDCEV) that explicitly accounts for the panel (or repeated-observations) nature of the multi-week activity-travel
behavior data set is developed and estimated on the data set. The model also controls for individual-level unobserved factors
that lead to correlations in activity engagement preferences across different activity types. To our knowledge, this is the
first formulation and application of a panel MMDCEV structure in the econometric literature. The analysis suggests the high
prevalence of intra-personal variability in discretionary activity engagement over a multi-week period along with inter-personal
variability that is typically considered in activity-travel modeling. In addition, the panel MMDCEV model helped identify
the observed socio-economic factors and unobserved individual specific factors that contribute to variability in multi-week
discretionary activity participation.
Erika Spissu is currently a Research Fellow at the University of Cagliari (Italy). She received her Ph.D. from the University of Palermo and University of Cagliari (Italy) in Transport techniques and economics. She spent the past 2 years at the University of Texas at Austin as a Research Scholar focusing primarily in activity-based travel behavior modeling, time use analysis, and travel demand forecasting. Abdul Rawoof Pinjari is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of South Florida, Tampa. His research interests include time-use and travel-behavior analysis, and activity-based approaches to travel-demand forecasting. He has his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin. Chandra R. Bhat is a Professor in Transportation at The University of Texas at Austin. He has contributed toward the development of advanced econometric techniques for travel behavior analysis, in recognition of which he received the 2004 Walter L. Huber Award and the 2005 James Laurie Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and the 2008 Wilbur S. Smith Distinguished Transportation Educator Award from the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). He is the immediate past chair of the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Demand Forecasting and the International Association for Travel Behaviour Research. Ram M. Pendyala is a Professor of Transportation Systems in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Sustainable Engineering at Arizona State University. He teaches and conducts research in travel behavior analysis, travel demand modeling and forecasting, activity-based microsimulation approaches, and time use. He specializes in integrated land use—transport models, transport policy formulation, and public transit planning and design. He is currently the Vice-Chair of the International Association for Travel Behavior Research and is the immediate past chair of the Transportation Research Board Committee on Traveler Behavior and Values. He has his PhD from the University of California at Davis. Kay W. Axhausen is a Professor of Transport Planning at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich. Prior to his appointment at ETH, he worked at the Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Imperial College London and the University of Oxford. He has been involved in the measurement and modelling of travel behaviour for the last 25 years, contributing especially to the literature on stated preferences, microsimulation of travel behaviour, valuation of travel time and its components, parking behaviour, activity scheduling and travel diary data collection. 相似文献
Kay W. AxhausenEmail: |
Erika Spissu is currently a Research Fellow at the University of Cagliari (Italy). She received her Ph.D. from the University of Palermo and University of Cagliari (Italy) in Transport techniques and economics. She spent the past 2 years at the University of Texas at Austin as a Research Scholar focusing primarily in activity-based travel behavior modeling, time use analysis, and travel demand forecasting. Abdul Rawoof Pinjari is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of South Florida, Tampa. His research interests include time-use and travel-behavior analysis, and activity-based approaches to travel-demand forecasting. He has his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin. Chandra R. Bhat is a Professor in Transportation at The University of Texas at Austin. He has contributed toward the development of advanced econometric techniques for travel behavior analysis, in recognition of which he received the 2004 Walter L. Huber Award and the 2005 James Laurie Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and the 2008 Wilbur S. Smith Distinguished Transportation Educator Award from the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). He is the immediate past chair of the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Demand Forecasting and the International Association for Travel Behaviour Research. Ram M. Pendyala is a Professor of Transportation Systems in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Sustainable Engineering at Arizona State University. He teaches and conducts research in travel behavior analysis, travel demand modeling and forecasting, activity-based microsimulation approaches, and time use. He specializes in integrated land use—transport models, transport policy formulation, and public transit planning and design. He is currently the Vice-Chair of the International Association for Travel Behavior Research and is the immediate past chair of the Transportation Research Board Committee on Traveler Behavior and Values. He has his PhD from the University of California at Davis. Kay W. Axhausen is a Professor of Transport Planning at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich. Prior to his appointment at ETH, he worked at the Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Imperial College London and the University of Oxford. He has been involved in the measurement and modelling of travel behaviour for the last 25 years, contributing especially to the literature on stated preferences, microsimulation of travel behaviour, valuation of travel time and its components, parking behaviour, activity scheduling and travel diary data collection. 相似文献
11.
In transportation studies, variables of interest are often influenced by similar factors and have correlated latent terms
(errors). In such cases, a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model is normally used. However, most studies ignore the potential
temporal and spatial autocorrelations across observations, which may lead to inaccurate conclusions. In contrast, the SUR
model proposed in this study also considers these correlations, making the model more behaviorally convincing and applicable
to circumstances where a three-dimensional correlation exists, across time, space, and equations. An example of crash rates
in Chinese cities is used. The results show that incorporation of spatial and temporal effects significantly improves the
model. Moreover, investment in transportation infrastructure is estimated to have statistically significant effects on reducing
severe crash rates, but with an elasticity of only −0.078. It is also observed that, while vehicle ownership is associated
with higher per capita crash rates, elasticities for severe and non-severe crashes are just 0.13 and 0.18, respectively; much
lower than one. The techniques illustrated in this study should contribute to future studies requiring multiple equations
in the presence of temporal and spatial effects.
Ms. Xiaokun Wang is a doctoral student in the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees at Tsinghua University, China. Her research topics range from travel demand modeling and integrated land use-transportation planning, to spatial econometrics, network analysis, and traffic safety analysis. She is a fellow of the International Road Federation. Dr. Kara Kockelman is a Associate Professor of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering and the William J. Murray Jr. Fellow at the University of Texas, Austin. She holds a PhD, MS, and BS in Civil Engineering, a Masters of City Planning, and a minor in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley. She is Chair of the Transportation Research Board’s Committee on Travel Survey Methods. Her primary research interests include the statistical modeling of urban systems (including models of travel behavior, trade, and location choice), economic impacts of transport policy, crash occurrence and consequences, and transport policy-making. 相似文献
Kara M. Kockelman (Corresponding author)Email: |
Ms. Xiaokun Wang is a doctoral student in the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees at Tsinghua University, China. Her research topics range from travel demand modeling and integrated land use-transportation planning, to spatial econometrics, network analysis, and traffic safety analysis. She is a fellow of the International Road Federation. Dr. Kara Kockelman is a Associate Professor of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering and the William J. Murray Jr. Fellow at the University of Texas, Austin. She holds a PhD, MS, and BS in Civil Engineering, a Masters of City Planning, and a minor in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley. She is Chair of the Transportation Research Board’s Committee on Travel Survey Methods. Her primary research interests include the statistical modeling of urban systems (including models of travel behavior, trade, and location choice), economic impacts of transport policy, crash occurrence and consequences, and transport policy-making. 相似文献
12.
Annual electric bike (e-bike) sales in China grew from 40,000 in 1998 to 10 million in 2005. This rapid transition from human-powered
bicycles, buses and gasoline-powered scooters to an all-electric vehicle/fuel technology system is special in the evolution
of transportation technology and, thus far, unique to China. We examine how and why e-bikes developed so quickly in China
with particular focus on the key technical, economic, and political factors involved. This case study provides important insights
to policy makers in China and abroad on how timely regulatory policy can change the purchase choice of millions and create
a new mode of transportation. These lessons are especially important to China as it embarks on a large-scale transition to
personal vehicles, but also to other countries seeking more sustainable forms of transportation.
相似文献
Christopher CherryEmail: |
13.
Traditionally, researchers studying transportation choice have used data either acquired from household surveys or broad,
region-wide aggregates. At the disaggregate level, researchers usually do not have access to important variables or observations.
This study investigates the potential usefulness of a proxy approach to modeling discrete choice vehicle ownership: substituting
narrow area-based aggregate proxies for missing micro-level explanatory variables by accessing large, publicly maintained
datasets. We use data from the 2000 Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) and the contemporaneous U.S. Census file to compare three
models of vehicle ownership, drawing area-wide proxies from increasing levels of aggregation. The models with proxies are
compared with a parallel model that uses only survey data. The results indicate that the proxy models are preferred in terms
of model selection criteria, and predict vehicle ownership as well or better than the survey model. Parameter values produced
by the proxy method effectively approximate those returned by household survey models in terms of coefficient sign and significance,
particularly when the aggregate variables are representative of their household-level counterparts. The proxy model with the
narrowest level of aggregation achieved the best fit, coefficient precision, and percentage of correct prediction.
相似文献
Jeffrey WilliamsEmail: |
14.
Transport models, philosophy and language 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paul Timms 《Transportation》2008,35(3):395-410
The aim of this paper is to encourage debate about the nature of transport modelling. It does so firstly by considering the
underlying philosophies of science (apparently) adopted by transport modellers, over a period of more than 50 years, from
the 1950s until the present day. The conclusion is that a new philosophy of science needs to be developed, which is more in
tune with how transport modelling is actually carried out (as opposed to how early transport modellers thought it ought to
be carried out). It is recommended that such a new philosophy perceives transport modelling as a linguistic activity within
the overall context of transport planning, which is in turn considered as a communication process. The paper outlines three
main approaches that could be taken in this respect, analysing transport models from metaphorical, narrative and aesthetic
perspectives. Conclusions are drawn upon the possible future research directions that might follow from the analysis provided
in the paper, emphasising the importance of bringing formal philosophical thinking into transport modelling research and practice.
Paul Timms is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. He has been involved for 20 years in research covering a wide range of transport modelling (from traffic signals to world futures), applied to various locations in Europe, Asia and Latin America. 相似文献
Paul TimmsEmail: |
Paul Timms is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. He has been involved for 20 years in research covering a wide range of transport modelling (from traffic signals to world futures), applied to various locations in Europe, Asia and Latin America. 相似文献
15.
This paper looks at the first and second best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy
and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting
algorithm for solving the second best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The
approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (Netw.
Spat. Econ., 4(2): 161–179, 2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second
best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while
reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second
best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also
show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in
conjunction with investments in the network.
Andrew Koh Prior to joining the Institute for Transport Studies in December 2005, Andrew was employed for number of years as a consultant in highway assignment modelling. He is an economist with wide ranging research interests in transport economics as well as evolutionary computation heuristics such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution. Simon Shepherd At the Institute for Transport Studies since 1989, he gained his doctorate in 1994 applying state-space methods to the problem of traffic responsive signal control in over-saturated conditions. His expertise lies in modelling and policy optimisation ranging from detailed simulation models through assignment to strategic land use transport models. Recently he has focussed on optimisation of road user charging schemes and is currently working on optimal cordon design and system dynamics approaches to strategic modelling. Agachai Sumalee Agachai is currently an Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (). He obtained a Ph.D degree with the thesis entitled “Optimal Road Pricing Scheme Design” at Leeds University in 2004. His research areas cover transport network modeling and optimization, stochastic network modeling, network reliability analysis, and road pricing. Agachai is currently an associate editor of Networks and Spatial Economics. 相似文献
Agachai SumaleeEmail: |
Andrew Koh Prior to joining the Institute for Transport Studies in December 2005, Andrew was employed for number of years as a consultant in highway assignment modelling. He is an economist with wide ranging research interests in transport economics as well as evolutionary computation heuristics such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution. Simon Shepherd At the Institute for Transport Studies since 1989, he gained his doctorate in 1994 applying state-space methods to the problem of traffic responsive signal control in over-saturated conditions. His expertise lies in modelling and policy optimisation ranging from detailed simulation models through assignment to strategic land use transport models. Recently he has focussed on optimisation of road user charging schemes and is currently working on optimal cordon design and system dynamics approaches to strategic modelling. Agachai Sumalee Agachai is currently an Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (). He obtained a Ph.D degree with the thesis entitled “Optimal Road Pricing Scheme Design” at Leeds University in 2004. His research areas cover transport network modeling and optimization, stochastic network modeling, network reliability analysis, and road pricing. Agachai is currently an associate editor of Networks and Spatial Economics. 相似文献
16.
Traffic microsimulation models normally include a large number of parameters that must be calibrated before the model can
be used as a tool for prediction. A wave of methodologies for calibrating such models has been recently proposed in the literature,
but there have been no attempts to identify general calibration principles based on their collective experience. The current
paper attempts to guide traffic analysts through the basic requirements of the calibration of microsimulation models. Among
the issues discussed here are underlying assumptions of the calibration process, the scope of the calibration problem, formulation
and automation, measuring goodness-of-fit, and the need for repeated model runs.
Yaron Hollander is a transport analyst, working for Steer Davies Gleave in London. His work combines advanced demand modelling, Stated Preference, appraisal, design of public transport systems, transport policy and network modelling. He completed his PhD at the Institute for Transport Studies in Leeds, and previously worked for the Technion – Israel Institute for Technology; for the Israeli Institute for Transportation Planning and Research; and for the public transport department at Ayalon Highways Co. Ronghui Liu is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. Her main research interests are modelling of traffic and microsimulation of driver behaviour and dynamical systems. She develops and applies network microsimulation models to a wide range of areas from transport policy instruments such as road pricing, to public transport operations and traffic signal controls. 相似文献
Ronghui LiuEmail: |
Yaron Hollander is a transport analyst, working for Steer Davies Gleave in London. His work combines advanced demand modelling, Stated Preference, appraisal, design of public transport systems, transport policy and network modelling. He completed his PhD at the Institute for Transport Studies in Leeds, and previously worked for the Technion – Israel Institute for Technology; for the Israeli Institute for Transportation Planning and Research; and for the public transport department at Ayalon Highways Co. Ronghui Liu is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. Her main research interests are modelling of traffic and microsimulation of driver behaviour and dynamical systems. She develops and applies network microsimulation models to a wide range of areas from transport policy instruments such as road pricing, to public transport operations and traffic signal controls. 相似文献
17.
This paper suggests using a proportional hazard model to predict personal income, for the purpose of imputing missing income
data in household travel surveys. The model has a hazard function that comprises two multiplicative components: (1) a non-parametric
baseline hazard function that is dependent only on the income level and (2) a function that is dependent only on the other
personal attributes of the survey respondents (excluding income). To estimate and validate the model, data is drawn from a
travel characteristics survey conducted in Hong Kong in year 2001. The model is found to have a much higher accuracy when
compared with a conventional ordered probit model based on the assumption that the logarithm of income is normally distributed.
C.·O. Tong is an Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong. He received his B.Sc. (Eng.) degree from the University of Hong Kong, M.Sc. (Transportation Engineering) degree from Leeds University and Ph.D. degree from Monash University. His research interests are in transport demand modeling and dynamic network modeling. Jackie K. L. Lee worked as a Research Assistant at the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong during the period from March 2004 to April 2005. She received her B.Eng. and M.Eng. degrees in Civil Engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. She is a Chartered Engineer and is also Corporate Members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers and the Institution of Structural Engineers. 相似文献
C. O. TongEmail: |
C.·O. Tong is an Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong. He received his B.Sc. (Eng.) degree from the University of Hong Kong, M.Sc. (Transportation Engineering) degree from Leeds University and Ph.D. degree from Monash University. His research interests are in transport demand modeling and dynamic network modeling. Jackie K. L. Lee worked as a Research Assistant at the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong during the period from March 2004 to April 2005. She received her B.Eng. and M.Eng. degrees in Civil Engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. She is a Chartered Engineer and is also Corporate Members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers and the Institution of Structural Engineers. 相似文献
18.
We estimate the elasticities of fuel and travel demand with respect to fuel prices and income in the case of Norway. Furthermore, we derive the direct rebound effects that explain the degree to which a fuel price increase is “offset” in the form of greater fuel use and/or travel due to improvements in vehicle fuel efficiency. For this purpose, we use and compare two alternative econometric approaches: the error correction model (ECM) and the dynamic model. Our initial assumption is that one should not be indifferent with respect to the approach used to derive elasticities. The data used are for the period 1980–2011. Our results indicate the following: (1) the dynamic model fits the data better than the ECM model does; (2) the estimated elasticities of fuel demand with respect to price and income are −0.26 and 0.06 in the short run and −0.36 and 0.09 in the long run. For travel demand, the respective elasticities are −0.11 and 0.06 in the short run and −0.24 and 0.13 in the long run, implying inelastic demands for fuel and travel demand; and (3) rebound effects indicate that 0.26% and 0.06% of fuel savings as a result of fuel price increase will be offset in the form of more fuel use in the short run and in the long run, respectively, if fuel efficiency increases by 1%. Our policy recommendations are that policies should not be indifferent to the methods used to derive elasticities. We contend that it is crucial to seriously consider rebound effects in policy making because basic elasticity estimates exaggerate the impact of fuel price increases. 相似文献
19.
In this paper, we take an initial look at the spatial and temporal flexibility in the activity patterns of the so-called “baby-boomer”
cohort (born 1947–1966) in comparison with younger and older adults. Using a unique longitudinal survey carried in Quebec
City from 2002 to 2005, we explore activity patterns and trip rates over a seven-day observation period during the first wave,
and take a first look at some aspects of their evolution over two subsequent waves at about one-year intervals. We model the
propensity to undertake activities within selected conventional non-work classifications such as “shopping” and “leisure”,
and also according to respondents’ own perceptions of the spatial and temporal flexibility of each out-of-home activity that
they had executed. While we cannot strictly separate cohort effects from age-related effects, after controlling for gender
and household structure, we infer that age and related lifestyle effects dominate in explaining these propensities. However,
the boomers were the only age stratum to increase their total out-of-home activity participation over the course of the panel,
an intriguing starting point for the future study of this cohort.
Luis F. Miranda-Moreno has been recently appointed as Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics at McGill University. His research focuses on travel behaviour, transportation safety and evaluation of sustainable transport strategies. Martin Lee-Gosselin recently retired as Full Professor at the Graduate School of Planning and CRAD, Université Laval, Québec, and is Visiting Professor at Imperial College London. His research interests are transport and telecommunications behaviour, survey methods, energy efficiency and the impacts of transport on the environment and public health. 相似文献
Martin Lee-GosselinEmail: |
Luis F. Miranda-Moreno has been recently appointed as Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics at McGill University. His research focuses on travel behaviour, transportation safety and evaluation of sustainable transport strategies. Martin Lee-Gosselin recently retired as Full Professor at the Graduate School of Planning and CRAD, Université Laval, Québec, and is Visiting Professor at Imperial College London. His research interests are transport and telecommunications behaviour, survey methods, energy efficiency and the impacts of transport on the environment and public health. 相似文献
20.
Transportation specialists, urban planners, and public health officials have been steadfast in encouraging active modes of
transportation over the past decades. Conventional thinking, however, suggests that providing infrastructure for cycling and
walking in the form of off-street trails is critically important. An outstanding question in the literature is how one’s travel
is affected by the use of such facilities and specifically, the role of distance to the trail in using such facilities. This
research describes a highly detailed analysis of use along an off-street facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. The core
questions addressed in this investigation aim to understand relationships between: (1) the propensity of using the trail based
on distance from the trip origin and destination, and (2) how far out of their way trail users travel for the benefit of using
the trail and explanatory factors for doing so. The data used in the analysis for this research was collected as a human intercept
survey along a section of an off-street facility. The analysis demonstrates that a cogent distance decay pattern exists and
that the decay function varies by trip purpose. Furthermore, we find that bicyclists travel, on average, 67% longer in order
to include the trail facility on their route. The paper concludes by explaining how the distance decay and shortest path versus
taken path analysis can aid in the planning and analysis of new trail systems.
Kevin J. Krizek is an Associate Professor of Planning and Design at the University of Colorado where he directs the Active Communities/Transportation Research Group. His research interests include land use-transportation policies and programs that influence household residential location decisions and travel behavior. He has published in the areas of transportation demand management, travel behavior, neighborhood accessibility, and sustainable development. He earned a Ph.D. in Urban Design and Planning and M.S.C.E. from the University of Washington in Seattle. His master’s degree in planning is from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his undergraduate degree is from Northwestern University. Ahmed El-Geneidy is a Post-Doctoral research fellow at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota and Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. El-Geneidy’s research interests include transit operations, travel behavior, land use and transportation planning, and accessibility/mobility measures in urban areas. He earned B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Department of Architectural Engineering at the University of Alexandria, Egypt, and continued his academic work at Portland State University, where he received a Graduate GIS Certificate and earned a Ph.D. in Urban Studies from Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning. Kristin Thompson was a research assistant with ACT and currently works for Metro Transit in Minneapolis, Minnesota. 相似文献
Ahmed El-GeneidyEmail: |
Kevin J. Krizek is an Associate Professor of Planning and Design at the University of Colorado where he directs the Active Communities/Transportation Research Group. His research interests include land use-transportation policies and programs that influence household residential location decisions and travel behavior. He has published in the areas of transportation demand management, travel behavior, neighborhood accessibility, and sustainable development. He earned a Ph.D. in Urban Design and Planning and M.S.C.E. from the University of Washington in Seattle. His master’s degree in planning is from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his undergraduate degree is from Northwestern University. Ahmed El-Geneidy is a Post-Doctoral research fellow at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota and Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. El-Geneidy’s research interests include transit operations, travel behavior, land use and transportation planning, and accessibility/mobility measures in urban areas. He earned B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Department of Architectural Engineering at the University of Alexandria, Egypt, and continued his academic work at Portland State University, where he received a Graduate GIS Certificate and earned a Ph.D. in Urban Studies from Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning. Kristin Thompson was a research assistant with ACT and currently works for Metro Transit in Minneapolis, Minnesota. 相似文献