基于ANSYS的椭圆形钢结构天桥优化设计

优化设计是一种寻找确定最优设计方案的技术。该文探讨了在有限元分析基础上对结构进行优化设计的理论和方法,结合ANSYS软件,对某大型钢结构人行景观天桥进行了结构优化设计分析,研究了影响该结构优化设计的主要因素,可供工程技术人员进行设计和分析时参考使用。     

导向臂支架强度及疲劳的分析与优化

为解决某重型货车复合空气悬架导向臂支架在道路试验中失效的问题,对该导向臂支架进行了结构优化.文章利用HyperWorks软件的RADIOSS模块和FEMFAT软件分别对该导向臂支架进行静强度和疲劳寿命分析,根据分析结果,在HyperWorks软件的Optistruct模块下对导向臂支架进行结构优化设计.结果表明,经过优化后的导向臂支架强度和疲劳寿命都得到提高,质量较原结构减轻13％.该方法可广泛应用于类似车辆部件的优化设计工程.     

汽车悬架优化设计中的近似模型方法及其应用

针对目前汽车悬架设计中存在的问题,提出了一种基于近似模型和遗传算法的高效全局优化设计方法.使用Kriging方法重构目标函数,建立了悬架运动学分析的近似模型;采用了CVT试验设计以确保参数空间中样本点分布的均匀性;在重构出的目标函数基础上采用遗传算法进行寻优.以双横臂式前独立悬架为例,以车轮接地点侧向最大滑移量为优化目标进行了优化设计.结果表明,采用该设计方法可缩短设计周期及降低设计成本.     

哈飞路宝正面碰撞安全性车身优化设计

针对哈飞路宝轿车车身设计的具体要求,建立了用于碰撞分析的整车车身结构简化有限元模型,并利用该模型对车身前部结构的几种设计方案进行了选择分析。利用计算机模拟技术对整车车身结构的有限元模型进行了模拟碰撞分析。模拟结果与实车碰撞试验结果的对比表明,所采用计算方法和模拟过程正确,提出的优化设计方案可以提高该轿车产品的被动安全性。     

极限状态响应面法分析结构可靠度的研究

一般响应面方法由于逼近的是功能函数而非极限状态方程,因而精度有时不高。为克服此不足,提出一种极限状态响应面法。该方法利用位于极限状态曲面上的样本点来重构结构的极限状态方程,因而模拟出的极限状态曲面精度较高。由此提出一种算法,通过逐步修正求解得到的设计点以实现在设计点附近较高精度地逼近结构真实极限状态方程。该方法同时克服了重构极限承载力曲面方法不能适用多个荷载随机变量的缺点。数值算例表明该方法具有较高的精度,适用范围广,而且所需样本点数量少。     

FSAE赛车差速器支撑架可靠性与轻量化协同优化设计

为提高FSAE赛车传动系统差速器支撑架的结构强度并减小其质量,采用协同优化与可靠性分析方法,以安全系数、最大应力和质量作为协同优化目标,选取支撑架的疲劳寿命和最小安全系数为可靠性约束,建立可靠性优化设计模型;基于有限元分析的样本点数据进行求解,对有限元仿真结果进行拓扑优化并设置结构参数变量。结果表明,优化后结构满足工程设计所需强度和安全要求,在最小安全系数仅减小3.61%的情况下支撑架质量减少7.14%,达到了优化目标。     

基于Matlab和C++语言的直齿圆柱齿轮结构参数的优化

以直齿圆柱齿轮体积为优化的目标函数，给出了通用的优化设计数学模型。并结合实例利用C 语言和Matlab语言二次开发的优化设计程序进行了优化计算。结果表明，该方法可大大提高齿轮结构参数优化设计编程的效率和质量。     

卡车驾驶室除霜风道CFD分析及结构优化

利用CFD方法对某款卡车除霜风道的内部流场进行详细的分析。研究显示,该风道内部流场中存在较多的大尺度和小尺度的涡流,而且每个出口的流量分配比例没能满足设计要求。这些涡流主要是由于风道内部的凸起结构和不连续结构造成的。为消除涡流,对该风道的内部结构进行了优化设计,消除明显的涡流,并使其各出口的流量分配比例满足设计要求。     

沥青混合料配合比优化设计系统

介绍了沥青混合料配合比优化设计系统。该系统采用面向对象建模技术设计方法进行设计，用“结构分析法”对系统进行了分析，并通过实例验证了矿料组成优化设计方法的先进性、合理性。     

基于应力优化的大客车结构多目标优化

对某全承载式大客车进行了结构有限元分析,研究了该客车结构强度、振动模态频率、质量等多个性能目标的优化设计问题.分析结果表明,该客车初始设计模型的刚度满足设计要求但应力较大.强度储备不足,因此采用优化结构最大应力的方法进行优化.经过两个阶段的优化设计,显著降低了结构最大应力.提高了一阶扭转频率,减轻了车身骨架质量,客车结构设计更为合理.     

Study of optimal structure design method for dynamic nonlinear problem

For a crash analysis using the FEM with respect to a structure which is composed of thin plates, a structure study method was developed. This method is based on the concept that making each plastic strain value of all shell elements almost equal is effective in the weight reduction of such a structure.In this paper, application results and a robust design by means of this method are described.     

热交换在某中冷器轻量化设计中的应用

随着近年来能源危机的不断升温,汽车轻量化的设计得到广大汽车厂商的青眯。本文结合热交换原理对江淮某款轻卡中冷器进行了轻量化设计,取得了一定的效果,可以应用于其它同类车型的设计和参考。     

Innovative design optimization strategy for the automotive industry

In order to effectively solve modern automotive design problems including the results of nonlinear FEA and multi-body dynamics, a progressive meta-model based design optimization is presented. To reduce the number of initial sample points, two sampling methods are introduced. Then, for efficient and stable construction of meta-models, three metamodel methods are newly introduced which are numerically based on the singular value decomposition technique. To design a practical system considering manufacturing tolerances and optimizing multiple performances, a robust design optimization, 6-sigma constraints and multi-objective strategies are implemented when solving the approximate optimization problem constructed from the meta-models. Until the convergence criteria are satisfied, the initially developed meta-models are progressively improved by adding only one point that minimizes the approximate Lagrangian in the consecutive optimization iterations. Finally, one validation sample and four automotive applications are solved to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Structural design of an outer tie rod for a passenger car

This study proposes a structural design method for an outer tie rod installed in a passenger car. The weight of the outer tie rod is optimized by using the aluminum alloy Al6082M, which is developed as a steel-substitute material, and applying structural optimization techniques. The high strength aluminum with improved mechanical properties was developed to reduce the weight of the outer tie rod. The newly developed aluminum alloy Al6082M is applied as the material of the outer tie rod. The static strength due to inertia force, durability and buckling performances are considered in the structural design of the outer tie rod. At the proto design stage of a new outer tie rod, it is cost-effective to utilize FE (finite element) analysis to predict each of these performances. In addition, the current trend in the structural design of automobile parts is to use optimization techniques to reduce the weights of the parts. First, for an arbitrary base design, the static strength, the life cycle and the buckling load are calculated to check whether the design satisfies its criteria. Then, the critical performance is selected so as to include its loading condition only in the optimization process. In this study, the metamodel based optimization process using kriging is adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the critical design requirement. Then, the feasibility of the determined optimum shape is investigated against the other performances. Finally, the optimum design of outer tie rod is modified by considering forging efficiency. The performances of the final design are investigated through simulation and experiment.     

Robust optimization design method for powertrain mounting systems based on six sigma quality control criteria

This paper presents a robust optimization design method based on Six Sigma quality control criteria to improve the design of a powertrain mounting system (PMS). The powertrain is modeled as a rigid body having six degrees of freedom (DOF) connected to a rigid base by four rubber mounts, and each mount is simplified as a three-dimensional spring-damper element in its local coordinate system (LCS). The calculation method based on energy decoupling is used to estimate the decoupling ratios of a PMS. The location and static stiffness of each mount and the orientations of the two anti-torsion mounts are selected as uncertain design variables, and the nominal values of these design variables are optimized to obtain a robust Six Sigma design for a PMS. The uncertain design variables are characterized by a perturbation or percent variation around their nominal values. The generalized reduced gradient (LSGRG2) optimization method is employed to solve the robust optimization problem, and a second-order Taylor series expansion is used to estimate the statistical properties of the performance constraints and objectives. The optimization results show that the robust design ensures good robustness or high reliability for the natural frequencies, decoupling ratios, and frequency separation constraints of a PMS.     

Crashworthiness design based on a simplified deceleration pulse

This paper proposes a procedure to improve the design of an automobile crashworthiness using the deceleration pulse in a simplified form as a design variable. A complete vehicle in a full frontal crash was simulated to find its deceleration pulse by finite element method. Based on this deceleration pulse, sled tests were performed, also in a virtual environment. Comparisons between the real deceleration pulse and a simplified pulse were made based on the HIC₁₅ produced. The simplified pulse is developed by dividing the pulse in three phases, each with a constant level of deceleration. Simulations were made to minimize the HIC₁₅ changing parameters in the restraint system and in the deceleration pulse. An expression was found to relate HIC₁₅ and the first phase of the deceleration pulse. A design case using this expression is presented. The benefits of using the pulse as a design variable along with the restraint system are accounted.     

Bumper optimum design using the dynamically equivalent beam under various impact conditions

Nowadays it is required for the bumper system to meet the various impact conditions simultaneously; barrier impact, IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) bumper impact and pedestrian impact. Firstly, dynamically equivalent bumper beam models were developed for each impact condition and its accuracy was verified by nonlinear finite element analysis result. Dynamically equivalent pedestrian impact beam model was developed by using the equivalent forces of bumper beam and stiffeners. Pedestrian bending angle was obtained by using this equivalent pedestrian beam model. By combining these equivalent beam models, bumper optimum design program was developed. In this optimum design program, direct search method was used for the optimization algorithm. To verify the accuracy of this optimum design program, a nonlinear finite element result was used. By using this optimum design program, it can be secured the bumper impact performances in an early design stage and it will be also contributed to reduce the design time and test costs.     

Robust design optimization of suspension system by using target cascading method

This study presents the robust design optimization process of suspension system for improving vehicle dynamic performance (ride comfort, handling stability). The proposed design method is so called target cascading method where the design target of the system is cascaded from a vehicle level to a suspension system level. To formalize the proposed method in the view of design process, the design problem structure of suspension system is defined as a (hierarchical) multilevel design optimization, and the design problem for each level is solved using the robust design optimization technique based on a meta-model. Then, In order to verify the proposed design concept, it designed suspension system. For the vehicle level, 44 random variables with 3% of coefficient of variance (COV) were selected and the proposed design process solved the problem by using only 88 exact analyses that included 49 analyses for the initial meta-model and 39 analyses for SAO. For the suspension level, 54 random variables with 10% of COV were selected and the optimal designs solved the problem by using only 168 exact analyses for the front suspension system. Furthermore, 73 random variables with 10% of COV were selected and optimal designs solved the problem by using only 252 exact analyses for the rear suspension system. In order to compare the vehicle dynamic performance between the optimal design model and the initial design model, the ride comfort and the handling stability was analyzed and found to be improved by 16% and by 37%, respectively. This result proves that the suggested design method of suspension system is effective and systematic.     

预应力混凝土路面设计方法研究

对预应力混凝土路面设计进行研究,提出设计准则,并根据中国国情及交通状况,提出有关预应力路面板厚、预应力值大小、纵向预应力筋配置等的设计程序;介绍了为减小预应力损失、防止局部受压破坏以及为减小板底摩擦而采取的一些措施;讨论了路用材料的选择,并介绍了预应力试验路有设计。测试及使用结果设计方法是可行且有效的。     

公路边坡加固中机制砾砂喷射混凝土施工工艺探讨

随着机制砾砂及喷射混凝土在工程中的广泛应用,机制砾砂喷射混凝土的应用已引起工程建设者的重视。结合某公路边坡机制混合砾砂喷射混凝土加固工程,通过现场试验及采样分析,开展机制混合砾砂的生产、砾砂喷射混凝土的配合比设计及施工工艺的研究,从而得出了一些有益的结论,为机制砾砂喷射混凝土在工程中的应用提供有益的借鉴。