基于变海拔功率恢复的增压系统匹配计算研究

针对柴油机的变海拔功率恢复目标,进行了以增压压力恢复为目标的废气放气式增压系统匹配计算,确定了压气机和涡轮特性。在该匹配方案的基础上进行了柴油机变海拔运行范围的性能计算,得到了不同海拔高度的增压压力MAP图,并以目标增压压力为基准,根据放气阀的切换边界线确定了放气阀变海拔控制策略。研究结果表明:采用该匹配方案可以在海拔3 000m和平原工况实现增压压力恢复,但在高海拔高转速工况下可能超速;随着海拔高度的降低,柴油机外特性扭矩值逐渐减小,而废气放气阀关闭状态的运行区域逐渐减小,废气放气阀调节状态的运行区域逐渐增大。     

车用涡轮增压柴油机VVE系统的模拟研究

提出了一种适用于车用四行程涡轮增压中冷柴油机的变充气系数 (VVE)系统 ,装在一台 6缸柴油机上进行了性能模拟计算。结果表明 ,在不放废气的情况下 ,最大扭矩工况可使柴油机得到足够的进气充量 ,标定工况时最高燃烧压力不超标 ,而且可以降低燃油消耗率和NOx 排放。VVE系统可代替车用增压柴油机高工况放气     

柴油机两级涡轮阀可调增压系统变海拔控制策略研究

为解决某型两级可调增压柴油机变海拔、变工况增压压力控制复杂问题。采用GT-POWER软件建立两级可调增压柴油机高海拔工作过程模型,利用试验数据进行了模型校核。设计了两级可调增压柴油机涡轮旁通阀变海拔控制策略,优化标定得到了高/低压级涡轮旁通阀最佳开度和最佳增压压力。采用仿真与试验相结合手段,比较了基于增压压力PID闭环控制和基于涡轮旁通阀开度的开环控制对柴油机高海拔瞬态性能的影响。结果表明:采用PID闭环控制,相比平原,3000、5000 m海拔增压压力首次达到目标值90%的时间分别增加了0.11、0.19 s。涡轮旁通阀开环控制与闭环控制相比,0、3000和5000 m首次达到目标增压压力的时间分别缩短了0.09、0.197和0.14 s,但实际增压压力与目标增压存在偏差。基于此,采用增压压力PID闭环反馈控制与涡轮旁通阀开环控制相结合的控制算法能够同时兼顾两级增压系统瞬态过程的鲁棒性和准确性,是未来高海拔两级增压系统瞬态过程的理想控制算法。     

Combined effect of boost pressure and injection timing on the performance and combustion of CNG in a DI spark ignition engine

There is an increasing interest in supercharging spark ignition engines operating on CNG (compressed natural gas) mainly due to its superior knock resisting properties. However, there is a penalty in volumetric efficiency when directly injecting the gaseous fuel at early and partial injection timings. The present work reports the combined effects of a small boost pressure and injection timing on performance and combustion of CNG fueled DI (direct injection) engine. The experimental tests were carried out on a 4-stroke DI spark ignition engine with a compression ratio of 14. Early injection timing, when inlet valves are still open (at 300°BTDC), and partial injection timing, in which part of the injection occurs after the inlet valves are closed (at 180°BTDC), were varied at each operating speed with variation of the boost pressure from 2.5 to 10 kPa. A narrow angle injector (NAI) was used to increase the mixing rate at engine speeds between 2000 and 5000 rpm. Similar experiments were conducted on a naturally aspirated engine and the results were then compared with that of the boosting system to examine the combined effects of boost pressure and injection timing. It was observed that boost pressure above 7.5 kPa resulted in an improvement of performance and combustion of CNG DI engine at all operating speeds. This was manifested in the faster heat release rates and mass fraction burned that in turn improved combustion efficiency of the boosting system. An increased in cylinder pressure and temperature was also observed with boost pressure compared to naturally aspirated engine. Moreover, the combustion duration was reduced due to concentration of the heat release near to the top dead center as the result of the boost pressure. Supercharging was also found to reduce the penalty of volumetric efficiency at both the simulated port and partial injection timings.     

Influence of the accelerating operation mechanism on the combustion noise in DI-diesel engines

This paper focuses on the mechanisms of combustion noise during the accelerating operation of multi-cylinder diesel engines using testing technology for the transient conditions of IC engines. Based on impact factors, such as the gas dynamic load and cylinder pressure oscillations, tests and analysis of the combustion noise during transient and steady-state conditions for different loads are made on four-cylinder naturally aspirated engines, turbocharged engines, EGR-introduced engines, and high pressure common rail engines. The laws of combustion noise difference for the same engine speed and load are researched during transient and steady-state conditions. It is found that during transient conditions, the maximum pressure rise rate and the high frequency oscillation amplitude of the cylinder pressure are all higher than those observed during steadystate conditions for the same engine speed and load. With their joint action, the combustion noise during transient conditions is greater than that during steady-state conditions. Turbocharging is useful in reducing the combustion noise during transient conditions. Turbocharging has a better effect on the control over the combustion noise during transient conditions with a constant engine speed and an increasing torque than in conditions with a constant torque and an increasing engine speed. One of the main reasons for different control effects on the combustion noise is that turbocharging causes different wall temperatures inside combustion chambers. The introduction of the appropriate EGR is helpful in the reduction of the combustion noise during transient conditions. The key to the control of combustion noise with EGR during transient conditions is whether a real-time adjustment to the EGR rate can be made to achieve the optimization of the EGR rates for different transient conditions. By means of analyzing the differences in the combustion noise between the transient and steady-state conditions for different pilot injection controls, we obtain a strategy for controlling the combustion noise during transient conditions with a pilot injection. Compared with the steady-state conditions, a larger pilot injection quantity and a longer interval between the main injection and pilot injection should be selected for transient conditions, and this is verified through tests.     

单电机强混合动力电动车辆的动态协调控制

为减小或消除单电机式强混合动力电动车辆在纯电动模式与发动机驱动模式间切换时产生的动力系统冲击,提出了发动机起动过程的转矩协调控制策略和发动机退出过程的转矩补偿控制策略.转矩协调控制策略包括起动模式下的发动机起动阻力转矩补偿控制和调节模式下的发动机过冲转矩平衡控制,转矩补偿控制策略利用电机补偿发动机退出过程中动力系统转矩的变化.台架和实车试验结果表明了该动态协调控制策略可确保发动机的快速平稳起动和发动机退出时不产生动力系统冲击.     

车用柴油机变工况下排气微粒的测量

研制了一种在发动机台架上进行柴油机变工况下排气微粒测量的测试系统。该系统主要由普通测功机和微粒稀释取样袋等组成。用此系统可进行柴油机恒转速扭矩、恒扭矩变转速和转速与扭矩成比例变化等模式变工况的微粒测量。试验结果表明柴油机在不同变工况模式下的微粒和有各自不同的变化规律。     

二级增压系统压气机效率的优化策略研究

对配置在1台重型车用柴油机上的二级增压系统进行了性能研究。结果表明:放气阀开启的二级增压系统存在进气能力不足、压气机效率低的问题;关闭二级增压放气阀后,在中、低转速低负荷工况仅采用高压级增压器,而其余工况借助高压级涡轮旁通阀实现进气压力可调,增压系统压气机效率均可超过60%,且最大进气压力可达334kPa;针对不同工况采用不同增压形式,通过控制涡轮旁通阀开度使二级增压系统进气压力及压比分配得到有效调节,可以改善压气机效率及燃油经济性,为二级增压系统与重型柴油机的性能匹配提供技术参考。     

LNG-电混合动力公交车发动机实际运行工况分析

重型汽车实际运行排放与发动机排放型式核准台架测试结果间的差异主要在于二者的测试工况不同。以广州市在用的一款LNG-电混合动力公交车为研究对象,在公交线路上开展整车实际道路测试,通过PEMS,CAN总线实时采集测试车辆车速、发动机转速和扭矩等数据,统计分析该车辆发动机实际工况的分布特征,并与ETC工况和WHTC工况进行比较分析。结果表明,因受动力控制策略、限速、公交车运行规律等影响,该混合动力公交车发动机实际运行工况主要分布在中小转速区,在中小扭矩区时间占比较大,不同于排放型式核准发动机台架测试瞬态工况ETC主要分布在中高转速与中高扭矩区,也不同于WHTC工况主要分布在中等转速区、在中等与偏小的扭矩区分布较均匀。相比于ETC工况,WHTC工况在发动机平均转速、平均功率和怠速比例等工况特征参数与该公交车发动机实际运行工况较为接近。     

降低柴油/LPG双燃料发动机碳烟排放的试验研究

针对城市公交柴油客车一直难以解决的碳烟排放问题进行了大量的试验研究,开发出一种柴油／LPG 双燃料发动机用的燃料供给和控制系统。经柴油机改装和装备该系统的柴油／LPG双燃料发动机在运行过程中能 够在柴油运行模式和柴油／LPG双燃料运行模式之间平稳切换,在双燃料运行模式下能够保证发动机的动力性和 经济性,碳烟排放大幅度降低,最大可降低至柴油工况的80％。     

Control strategy for clutch engagement during mode change of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) has various driving modes used in both internal combustion engine and electric motors. The EV mode uses only an electric motor and the HEV mode uses both an engine and an electric motor. Specifically, when the PHEV of a pre-transmission parallel hybrid structure performs mode changing, its engine clutch is either engaged or disengaged, which is important in terms of ride comfort. In this paper, to enhance the mode changing process for the clutch engagement, a PHEV performance simulator is developed using MATLAB/Simulink based on system dynamics and experiment data. Vehicle driving analysis is carried out of the control logic and properties of the mode changing. A compensated torque is applied during the mode change. This results in the rapid speed synchronization with the clutch although the trade-off relationship of the mode change. In addition, the mode changing is conducted through the transmission shifting process to rapidly synchronize with speed. The control strategy implemented in this study is shown to improve the drivability and energy efficiency of a PHEV.     

Reduction of engine emissions via a real-time engine combustion control with an egr rate estimation model

Vehicle emissions regulations are becoming increasingly severe and remain a principal issue for vehicle manufacturers. Since, WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures) and RDE (real driving emission) regulations have been recently introduced, the engine operating conditions have been rapidly changed during the emission tests. Significantly more emissions are emitted during transient operation conditions compared to those at steady state operation conditions. For a diesel engine, combustion control is one of the most effective approaches to reduce engine exhaust emissions, particularly during the transient operation. The concern of this paper is about reducing emissions using a closed loop combustion control system which includes a EGR rate estimation model. The combustion control system calculates the angular position where 50 % of the injected fuel mass is burned (MFB50) using in-cylinder pressure for every cycle. In addition, the fuel injection timing is changed to make current MFB50 follow the target values. The EGR rate can be estimated by using trapped air mass and in-cylinder pressure when the intake valves are closed. When the EGR rate is different from the normal steady conditions, the target of MFB50 and the fuel injection timing are changed. The accuracy of the model is verified through engine tests, as well as the effect of combustion control. The peaks in NO level was decreased during transient conditions after adoption of the EGR model-based closed loop combustion control system.     

负荷控制方式对甲醇发动机性能影响的试验研究

在1台2L柴油机改装的点火式甲醇发动机上分别采用节气门、节气门联合EGR以及单纯EGR的方式来控制发动机负荷,试验负荷选择了全负荷的50%和75%,过量空气系数保持在1附近,调整点火角,进行动力性和排放性试验。研究发现:两种负荷下都是采用节气门联合EGR控制负荷时发动机的动力性和经济性最好;两种负荷下的HC排放随控制方式的不同而不同,但均为节气门控制负荷时HC排放最低;两种负荷下的CO排放随控制方式的不同而不同,但都是节气门控制负荷时CO排放最高;两种负荷下的NOx排放规律相似,均为节气门开度越大,NOx排放越低。     

两级增压涡轮几何参数对发动机性能的影响研究

基于涡轮通流模型,建立两级增压通流仿真平台,探讨了两级涡轮几何参数的改变对发动机性能的影响规律及原因,采用该平台对某车用两级增压柴油机进行仿真研究,并完成两级涡轮新的匹配设计.匹配结果表明,通过合理设计两级涡轮几何参数,可使该发动机低速扭矩提高7.4％,燃油消耗率降低6.9％.     

基于扭矩控制的AMT换挡控制策略研究

提出在车辆起步和换挡过程中通过CAN动力网络控制发动机的输出扭矩来改善AMT换挡品质的新方法,制定扭矩控制与离合器接合控制策略,并在装有AMT的某重型商用车上进行试验。试验结果表明,换挡过程中通过控制发动机的输出扭矩并与离合器的接合过程相协调,可显著提高AMT的换挡品质。     

大功率柴油机相继增压技术研究综述

随着大功率柴油机不断向高增压、高功率密度、宽转速范围以及低排放的方向发展,发动机与增压系统的匹配矛盾愈发突出,特别是在低速低负荷的工况范围内。而相继增压技术可使增压系统与发动机在较宽泛的运行范围内达到良好的匹配,被认为是改善高增压柴油机性能的最成熟的技术措施。因此,重点阐述了相继增压技术的工作原理、国内外的应用情况以及研究现状与发展趋势。     

混合动力系统发动机工况点优化的标定实现

混合动力系统较传统动力总成系统增加了电机、电池,使发动机工况点可以在发动机、电机、动力电池限制范围内进行优化,以提高燃油经济性。以优化整车燃油经济性为目的,得到所有可运行工况点发电、助力工作模式下的等效燃油消耗率。等效燃油消耗率为非线性离散数据,为保证标定数据有效、整车系统的稳定性,给出基于等效燃油消耗率的发动机工况点标定数据修正原则,最终得到混合动力系统扭矩分配的标定数据。通过合理标定扭矩分配,达到优化发动机工况点落点以提高整车经济性的目的。     

单轴并联式混合动力总成的设计

设计完成了驱动电机与电控共轨柴油机结合而成的混合动力汽车动力总成,该总成用于单轴并联式混合动力汽车。驱动电机既是电驱动装置,又是起动、发电一体化系统(ISG),基于MC 68H9S12DP256B单片机,研制了该总成的控制系统,通过CAN总线实现了联合控制,以电池充放电平衡和发动机燃油经济性为基础,应用了一种模糊逻辑控制策略,实现了混合动力系统的扭矩分配与不同工作模式以及模式间的切换,该总成能够在所要求的工作模式下运转。     

基于补偿滑模控制的混合动力汽车协调控制

由于行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车的结构优势,双行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车已经成为各机构的研究重点。由纯电动模式到混合驱动模式切换的过程中存在发动机起动和发动机转矩引入,而发动机转矩瞬态响应存在迟滞,导致切换过程中动力系统的输出转矩会有较大波动。为减小波动,降低模式切换过程中的动态冲击度,本文中提出补偿滑模控制方法,对双行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车模式切换进行协调控制。首先,建立整车动力学模型,对切换过程每个模式进行分析;之后,针对发动机拖转阶段和混合驱动阶段分别采用补偿控制和基于固定边界层的自适应滑模控制,并对滑模控制进行稳定性分析;最后,结合Matlab/Simulink软件平台进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,补偿滑模协调控制策略能够有效地减小从纯电动到混合驱动模式切换过程中的转矩波动和冲击度。     

Miller cycle engine management system and its distinctive feature

Mazda has developed a Miller Cycle Engine which realizes high expansion ratio and high boost by delaying the closing timing of the intake valves combined with Lysholm Compressor. At the same time we has developed its Engine Management System which has balanced a excelent fuel economy and high engine torque. This report will focus on the distinctive feature of this system and its unique Air Bypass Valve Control.