埋地金属管道阴极保护电位无线采集PDA设计

文中设计了一种用于采集埋地金属管道阴极保护电位的手持PDA,该PDA结合固定在埋地金属管道测试桩上的数据采集模块,可方便实现对理地管道测试桩阴极保护电位的无线采集.介绍了系统的整体结构及PDA系统硬件组成,详细设计了PDA的功能及软件实现方法,PDA具有曲线显示、数据U盘存储功能,并兼具考勤打卡等功能,克服目前广泛采用...     

BASIC语言在工程测量中的应用

对高速公路施工中常见的测量问题及坐标计算进行了分析阐述,并对BASIC语言在高速公路施工测量中的几个应用方法进行了总结.     

钢结构桥梁施工中温度及变形监控方法

文章以乌兰木伦河三号桥测量机器人的使用为例,介绍了钢结构桥梁施工中温度及变形监控的方法,主要包括控制点选点、临时墩制作、测量机器人使用、周期测量、变形数据分析等,并通过测量机器人的使用,重点对钢结构温度及变形进行监测,为施工现场提供准确数据.     

GPS·RTK技术在省道316线高唐至聊城段工程中的应用

通过工作实践,结合其在省道316线高唐至聊城段工程测量中的应用,介绍了用GPS·RTK技术进行中线测量的方法,可以有效的提高作业效率和测量质量,介绍了RTK测量作业工程中的一些注意问题、RTK的技术优点、测量方面的局限性及今后发展方向.     

GPS-RTK结合测深仪应用技术研究

文章分别介绍了 GPS-RTK和回声探测仪的工作原理,提出采用GPS-RTK与测深仪结合的测量模式构成水深测量系统,并对其在左江大桥河床整平工程中的应用效果进行分析.结果表明,利用GPS-RTK进行坐标及高程定位,使用测深仪进行水深测量,二者相结合实施水下测量工作,提高了水下测量工作的准确度及工作效率,较传统的测量方法...     

沉管隧道测量技术

文章针对大型曲线沉管隧道的特点,论述了曲线沉管隧道的平面及高程控制测量、管段特征点标定测量、管段沉放测量,以及管内测量的方法,并给出了相应的计算公式.     

桥梁工程中测量监理的工作要点

在高等级公路桥梁工程施工中,测量工作是工程质量控制的关键因素之一.阐述了桥梁工程施工中测量工作的内容、顺序、注意事项及测量专业监理工程师如何进行有效监控,以保证桥梁工程按规范要求的精度顺利完工.     

高速公路放线测量的几种方法

介绍了高速公路几种常用测量放线方法,各方法的优缺点及注意事项.     

滚筒反力式制动检验台示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定与分析

本文通过对滚筒反力式制动检验台示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定,并对测量不确定度的分析与探讨,总结了测量不确定度评定的一般流程及确定标准不确定度分量的方法.可为广大试验检测人员或计量工作者在开展测量不确定度评定时提供参考.     

盾构机姿态参数的测量及计算方法研究

根据三点决定一个平面的原理,通过在盾构机中体上布置测量控制点,对其三维坐标进行测量;根据空间解析几何原理,推导出盾构机刀盘中心三维坐标以及俯仰角、横摆角、扭转角的计算方法.文章利用计算机的伪随机函数对盾构机姿态参数的测量精度进行了模拟评价,探讨了提高测量精度的方法.结果表明,盾构姿态参数的测量误差均服从正态分析;采用精度为3 mm的激光经纬仪测量控制点坐标,得到的盾构姿态参数的误差范围比规范要求小得多.     

Optimal multi-step toll design under general user heterogeneity

This paper studies the optimal multi-step toll design problem for the bottleneck model with general user heterogeneity. The design model is formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC), which is NP-hard due to non-convexity in both the objective function and the feasible set. An analytical method is proposed to solve the MPEC by decomposing it into smaller and easier quadratic programs, each corresponding to a unique departure order of different user classes. The quadratic programs are defined on a polyhedral set, which makes it easier to identify a local optimum. Importantly, each quadratic program is constrained by a set of linear feasibility cuts that define the presence of each user class in the arrival window. We prove that the proposed method ensures global optimality provided that each quadratic program can be solved globally. To obviate enumerating all departure orders, a heuristic method is developed to navigate through the solution space by using the multipliers associated with the feasibility cuts. Numerical experiments are conducted on several small examples to validate the proposed methodology. These experiments show that the proposed heuristic method is effective in finding near-optimal solutions within a relatively small number of iterations.     

三维相对坐标测量法在大跨径拱桥中的应用

太平湖特大桥施工采用三维相对坐标测量法及提篮式拱桥计算程序,使用该方法能够准确、直观、快速地进行拱肋动态实时放样定位计算。文章结合工程实例,介绍了太平湖特大桥拱肋定位放样程序的编制和定位实际操作过程,为类似工程测量放样提供参考。     

高速公路软基处理方案综合评价方法

为提高高速公路软基处理方案确定方法的科学性,借助系统综合评价技术和概率统计理论,建立了一个新的软基处理方案综合评价方法。该法在方案评选中引入相关系数概念,通过比较各方案与理想方案的相关系数大小,确定各方案的优劣程度。作为该方法的论证,对佛山"一环"软基处理方案进行计算分析,结果显示本文提出的分析方法具有较好的可靠性和实用性。     

基于AUTOCAD的ANSYS几何建模初探

基于AutoCAD平台,用其自带的VBA开发应用程序,建立了从AutoCAD单线几何模型到ANSYS杆系模型的转换接口程序,该程序可将在AutoCAD环境下建立的复杂空间模型转换成ANSYS中的结构模型,方便快捷实现土木工程中复杂的几何建模功能,为工程计算和研究提供方便。通过自定义截面和空间网架建模两个实例验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

计算管路摩擦因数的便捷方法

针对摩擦因数计算的现状与存在的问题 ,提出了采用MicrosoftExcel 2 0 0 0计算摩擦因数的方法。和传统的利用莫迪图或计算机编程的方法相比 ,Excel法计算可以省去查图的麻烦和繁杂的编程过程 ,提高了工作效率和计算精度。     

含蜡热油管道结蜡厚度计算

结蜡是影响热油管道安全、经济运行的重要因素。管线结蜡厚度可以根据管道的运行参数反算,文中为此设计了计算模型,可以准确快捷地计算出管道的结蜡厚度,为管道的安全、经济运行提供了依据。     

整体式转向梯形机构的优化设计

转向梯形机构是使汽车转向时实现内、外轮理想转角关系的核心部件。建立了整体式转向梯形机构的数学模型,介绍了基于MATLAB优化工具箱的整体式转向梯形机构的优化设计计算程序。利用该程序,用户可以交互式输入结构基本参数,即可得到优化计算结果,并自动绘制出实际输出角和输出角期望值随输入角的变化曲线,以便用户分析、比较和选择。为转向梯形设计提供了高效、精确的实用方法。     

A reliability‐based network design problem

This paper presents a reliability‐based network design problem. A network reliability concept is embedded into the continuous network design problem in which travelers' route choice behavior follows the stochastic user equilibrium assumption. A new capacity‐reliability index is introduced to measure the probability that all of the network links are operated below their capacities when serving different traffic patterns deviating from the average condition. The reliability‐based network design problem is formulated as a bi‐level program in which the lower level sub‐program is the probit‐based stochastic user equilibrium problem and the upper level sub‐program is the maximization of the new capacity reliability index. The lower level sub‐program is solved by a variant of the method of successive averages using the exponential average to represent the learning process of network users on a daily basis that results in the daily variation of traffic‐flow pattern, and Monte Carlo stochastic loading. The upper level sub‐program is tackled by means of genetic algorithms. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the concept of the proposed framework.     

Optimal allocation of turns to lanes at an isolated signal-controlled junction

Conventional design methods require the lane marking patterns, which are painted on ground showing road users the permissible turning directions on different approach lanes, as exogenous inputs to define the traffic stream grouping for analysis. This predefined grouping of traffic movements may restrict the design of signal timings in the optimisation procedures. More recently, a lane-based design method has been developed to relax the lane markings as binary-type control variables in a mathematical programming approach. The lane marking patterns and the signal timings can then be optimised simultaneously in a unified framework. This paper presents an extension work to further relax the numbers of approach lane in traffic arms as new integer variables which can then be optimised to give optimal lane arrangement in various arms of a junction to manage the given traffic demands more efficiently. All well-defined signal timings variables in the phase-based approach as well as the lane marking and lane flow variables in the lane-based approach together with their governing constraints are all preserved in the new formulation for the reserve capacity optimisation of isolated signal-controlled junctions.