沿海交通水域测绘行业管理研究

文中在东海海区三个测量案例分析的基础上,指出了沿海交通水域测绘市场中存在的主要问题和原因,并提出了进一步加强海事测绘部门和通航部门合作,规范行业管理的对策建议。     

构建和谐交通加快行业发展

“和谐”（harmony)，在古希腊语中（harnonia)原意是将不同的事物连接或调和在一起，通常用于音乐，表示将不同的音调调和在一起成为音阶。在我国古代典籍《易经》中，“和”是大吉大利和征象；在《尚书》中，“和”被用以描述家庭、国家、天下等系统内部治理良好、上下协调的状态。在我国传统文化里，“和”具有和谐、和平、和睦、和气等内涵。     

造船企业战略管理的几点思考

战略管理作为一个全新理念，引入到造船企业管理中的时间很短。造船企业的战略管理主要致力于对造船模式、资材采购、信息系统、绩效管理、企业文化建设等进行综合的管理，以实现企业的成功。本文着重对公司战略管理的信息化建设、绩效管理和战略采购三个主题进行浅析和思考，结合本公司在推行战略管理的实践过程中所遇到的问题进行探讨，并以这三个主题的管理工作为主线，通过建立顺畅有效的信息系统、科学合理的人力资源管理机制和高效透明的战略采购流程．实现公司管理模式和造船主流程的同步优化，确立公司在造船市场的竞争优势。     

鄂州市交通发展战略

分析了鄂州市交通发展现状,阐述了鄂州市交通发展存在的问题,提出了解决问题的基本方法与途径,对鄂州市两个率先交通发展战略的实施具有重要参考价值。     

交通强国战略下北海海区海事测绘现代化路径探索研究

针对在交通强国战略实施背景下如何实现北海海区海事测绘现代化这一问题,文中提出了北海海区海事测绘现代化的基本内涵、总体思路、实施策略和基本原则,论述了忠实履行公益性测绘职责、深化测绘服务供给侧改革、推进\"全域测绘\"、加快发展动能转换、促进海事测绘国际化等五个方面的主要举措,形成了较为系统的北海海区海事测绘现代化发展路径,...     

海事测绘在沿海综合航海保障体系中的作用

阐述了建设综合航海保障系统的目的以及海事测绘在航海保障系统中的作用,并结合当前海事测绘的现状,对如何加强海事测绘在航海保障体系中的作用提出了一些建议。     

企业战略及战略管理简论——兼谈广船国际战略管理实践

本文主要论述什么是企业战略及战略管理和战略对于企业发展的重要性;并结合广船国际发展战略实践来进一步阐明企业如何做发展战略,同时总结其宝贵经验。     

测绘工程项目成本管理

长江航道大建设大发展对测绘工程要求越来越高,在保证满足工程质量、工期等要求的前提下,为了实现预定的成本目标,必须从测绘工程质量、测绘工程工期、测绘施工安全三个方面尽可能地降低成本。     

基于Web Services的长江航道测绘资料管理系统设计与开发

针对测绘资料种类繁多、数据量大、地域范围广、跨业务部门多等特点,利用Web Services技术,构建基于B/S三层架构的<长江航道测绘成果资料管理系统>,实现了对长江航道测绘资料的统一管理和维护,解决了数据分发和共享问题.系统的成功运行,证实了Web Services技术的优越性,为长江航道测绘资料管理提供了强大的技术支撑.     

The status of coastal zone management in South Africa

Abstract

In this article, an overview of the status of coastal zone management (CZM) in South Africa is presented. Firstly, it provides background to the development of various initiatives to promote sustainable use of coastal resources within the context of sociopolitical changes in South Africa. Thereafter, it examines the progress made with respect to key attributes underpinning most CZM programs. Finally, it identifies obstacles to achieving effective CZM in South Africa and makes recommendations to address these shortcomings. The review reveals that whilst considerable progress has been made in certain areas of program development, such as resource conservation and pollution control, there are several gaps and inadequacies within existing efforts. These include the absence of a clear policy to guide efforts, lack of coordination amongst government departments involved in CZM, as well as inadequacies in our legal and administrative system. The promulgation of a Coastal Zone Management Act and the establishment of a Coastal Unit charged with the coordination and review of all activities impinging on coastal resources are amongst the recommendations made.     

Integrating natural and socio-economic science in coastal management

The future more sustainable management of coastal resources is an important policy goal for all governments of countries with coastlines. Coastal areas are under intense environmental change pressure with extensive feedback effects between the natural systems and the human systems. It could be argued that there is just one jointly determined and coevolving system that needs to be studied and managed. Understanding the interactions between the coastal zone and environmental change cannot be achieved by observational studies alone. Modelling of key environmental and socio-economic processes is a vital tool, required to buttress coastal management institutions and practice. Three overlapping procedural stages can be identified in the coastal resource assessment process. The scoping and auditing stage, implemented via a ‘pressure–state–impact–response’ framework, details, among other thing, problems, system boundaries and value conflicts. The framework is itself based on a conceptual model, which lays stress on functional value diversity and the links between ecosystem processes, functions and outputs of goods and services which are deemed ‘valuable’ by society. The two subsequent stages are integrated modelling, combining natural and social science methodologies, and evaluation of management options and related gains and losses. An overview of a research project, which utilised the pressure–state–impacts–response (P–S–I–R) framework and supporting concepts and methods, is presented in the last section of the paper, together with some generic ‘lessons’ for interdisciplinary research.     

Ecological sustainability of the South Australian coastal aquaculture management policies

Coastal aquaculture in South Australia has been going through a period of unprecedented growth during the past seven years. The value of the South Australian aqua‐culture industry has increased from US$1.3 million in 1990–1991 to an estimated US$31 million in 1996–1997. This growth has led to the implementation of planning and management policies by the state government. South Australian coastal waters have been divided into regions, and regional aquaculture management plans have been prepared. These management policies have generated concerns among interest groups and the community. The recent coastal aquaculture planning and management policies are described and analyzed, focusing on their contribution to the development of an ecologically sustainable industry. The need for an integrated approach to management is emphasized, especially given the great interest of the state government on the development of the industry.     

Western Australia's nonstatutory approach to coastal zone management: An evaluation

Abstract

Western Australia is fortunate that there have been few natural disasters on the coast. However, low levels of coastal erosion during the 1970s demonstrated the need to establish coastal zone management in that state of Australia. The erosion was quickly contained because private ownership to the high water mark is almost nonexistent, private property being set back behind coastal reserves along most of the coast. The provision of coastal reserves has been part of a deliberate nonstatutory coastal planning and management approach. As a result Western Australia has been able to use existing acts, coordination between existing government agencies, and coastal policies rather than enact specific coastal legislation to manage the coast.     

工业企业生态系统理论综述

随着工业生态学的发展,人们越来越多的开始重视工业企业在整个生产过程中对环境造成的影响,各国学者都在不同领域取得了研究进展。本文从工业企业生态系统理论的角度着手,综述了目前国外和国内学者对工业生态系统概念的界定,以及他们在理论和实践上取得的成果。     

Response of coastal zone management programs to sea level rise in the United States

Abstract

State coastal zone management programs are responding to the potential impacts of accelerated sea level rise through a wide range of activities and policies. This article provides a brief overview of the Coastal Zone Management Act and other federal laws that provide the basis for coastal state regulatory activities. It surveys the level of response to sea level rise by state coastal management programs in 24 marines coastal states, from formal recognition to implementation of policies addressing the issue. Individual state CZMP responses and policies that have been implemented or proposed are categorized. The adaptation of sea level rise to ongoing institutional objectives is discussed and policy constraints and trends are summarized.     

The implications of MARPOL Annex V on the management of ports and coastal communities

Abstract

The passage of the Marine Plastics Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 (MPPRCA), which codified Annex V of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), has encompassed every commercial and recreational shipping and boating facility in the United States. As a group, these ports, harbors, and marinas form a significant, although proportionately small, portion of the coastline of the country. More important, the economic benefits derived from the complex shoreside infrastructures required for international ocean trade, commercial and recreational fishing, and pleasure boating indicate just how critical it is for these facilities to be in conformance with effective and prudent coastal zone and environmental management practices.     

Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

Integrating visual management into the coastal zone planning process: The Massachusetts experience

Abstract

This paper concerns the limitations on integrating visual management into the coastal zone planning process as exemplified by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a state with a strong tradition of “home rule”; and a CZM implementation program based on a “networking”; of existing state authorities. The implications of the Massachusetts experience are that: (a) management of esthetic resources at the state level continues to be much less of a priority than management of ecological resources such as wetlands or floodplains; (b) visual management has yet to engender a strongly supportive constituency beyond that concerned with historic preservation; (c) project review focusing on visual impacts may be a more appropriate activity for local rather than state government; and (d) the technical aspects of visual management or impact assessment are far more advanced than their political acceptability. Political realities, together with the decision that implementation of the program should be based on a networking of existing authorities, thus determined the degree to which visual management could be incorporated into the state's program. As a result, the program's principal instruments of visual management became a strengthening of existing programs such as Wild and Scenic Rivers, reliance on wetland protection statutes to indirectly protect natural scenic values, and the use of the federal consistency provisions of the Coastal Zone Management Act to foster focused growth patterns through provision of publicly funded infrastructures. Esthetically oriented project review, with the exception of potential impacts on historic sites, was left to the discretion of local government, and a technical assistance program was created to provide funding or professional skills to communities interested in developing their own esthetic controls or design review processes. Maine, Rhode Island, and other New England states have followed a similar course.