海洋环境中混凝土涂层防腐蚀效果分析

通过时近20年来应用于海港码头和跨海大桥混凝土采用涂层防腐蚀工程实例，按照工程应用的相同涂层配套．制作混凝土涂层试件于华南海港码头工程材料暴露试验站浪溅区进行长期暴露试验，以验证各种涂层配套在海洋环境中的防腐蚀性能。暴露试验结果表明：在海洋环境中的混凝土涂层能够有效抵抗氯离子、二氧化碳等有害介质对混凝土的侵入作用，混凝土涂层能够有效延长海工混凝土结构的使用寿命。     

纳米氧化锆材料等离子喷涂涂层性能研究及应用

舰船设备表面在高温、高湿、盐雾、酸雾的作用下产生严重腐蚀,需要进行有效防护。文章在解决纳米氧化锆等离子喷涂工艺的基础上,成功地获得各种厚度的涂层,并采用王水对纳米氧化锆材料涂层进行耐酸性试验。通过电子显微镜（SEM）观察到王水侵蚀后的涂层结构仍然完整致密,具有很好的耐酸性,可应用于舰船防腐防漏。同时对纳米和非纳米氧化锆两种材料涂层的抗热震性能进行比较。试验结果表明．纳米氧化锆材料涂层抗热震性能优于普通氧化锆涂层,可适用于舰船动力装置高温部件隔热防护。     

海工混凝土结构表面涂层暴露试验及应用效果

通过采用近10年来应用于海工混凝土构件的表面涂层防腐的涂层配套系统，制作试件放置于华南海港码头工程材料暴露试验站进行暴露试验，比较各种涂层配套在海洋环境中的防腐性能。介绍应用混凝土表面涂层对海工混凝土构件进行防腐蚀的效果比较。     

基于交流阻抗技术的涂层性能评价方法

[目的]船舶表面使用涂层涂覆是常见的船舶防腐方法,涂层防腐性能的好坏直接反映船舶表面的腐蚀程度。尽管涂层涂覆作为船舶上有效的防腐技术已经应用了几十年,但始终缺少对涂层防腐性能进行快速有效检测的方法。[方法]通过建立合理的涂层体系等效电路模型,采用交流阻抗检测技术对试验涂层进行盐雾老化和紫外老化涂层性能试验,并利用Matlab数据处理软件对试验结果进行计算分析。[结果]从而得出涂层体系中各等效元件的参数来评估涂层的性能,并制定涂层老化失效电化学评定标准。[结论]盐雾老化和紫外老化涂层性能实验结果表明,基于交流阻抗技术及相应的电化学评价参数能够快速准确地对涂层性能进行综合评价。     

真空钎焊WC-10Ni/NiCrBSi包覆涂层热疲劳试验工艺研究

选用Q235B钢作为基体材料,采用镍包碳化钨颗粒作为硬质相,以BNi-2为钎料,在1 080℃的温度条件下通过真空钎焊技术制备了WC-10Ni/NiCrBSi包覆涂层,对涂层试样进行热疲劳循环试验,循环次数为100次,观察试验后涂层的宏观形貌和微观结构,对涂层的物相组成以及热疲劳裂纹产生的过程进行讨论分析,对包覆涂层热疲劳试验的工艺进行研究.研究结果表明:所得涂层的最佳热疲劳上限保温时间为220 s,下限保温时间为20 s.当上限温度设置为500℃,基本观察不到试样的热疲劳行为;600℃时,涂层出现较粗大的宏观裂纹,在微观界面中观察到裂纹的萌生与扩展;800℃时,涂层出现粗大的贯穿型裂纹,将涂层完全破坏,在微观界面中观察到裂纹的加深加粗及迅速扩展.通过热力学计算可得,当试验上限温度在570℃以下,涂层的热疲劳性能受材料内部的热应力影响较大;当试验上限温度超过570℃时,涂层的热疲劳性能受热应力与粉末氧化的综合作用影响.     

光纤涂层老化性能研究

对四种常用的光纤涂层性能试验方法,逐一加以评价介绍,并根据试验结果,比较了几种涂层的性能特点.     

改性环氧涂层钢筋混凝土粘结性能及梁抗弯性能试验研究

服役于高湿、有害气体侵蚀等恶劣环境下的钢筋混凝土结构中的钢筋极易发生锈蚀,针对这一现象,对改性环氧涂层钢筋制作的中心拔出试件和梁构件进行试验研究.通过钢筋混凝土的中心拔出试验研究了混凝土与改性环氧涂层钢筋和普通钢筋的粘结性能,通过改性环氧涂层梁试件和普通梁试件的正截面抗弯试验,研究了改性环氧涂层钢筋混凝土梁在承载能力与...     

船舶防护涂层厚度的太赫兹无损定量评估

通过试验分析和仿真计算来研究脉冲太赫兹波在船舶有机防护涂层的传播特性。采用太赫兹脉冲成像系统的反射模式对不同结构的涂层样品进行试验检测,同时采用有限时域差分法进行仿真计算,为船舶涂层的太赫兹无损检测和评估提供理论支撑。结合脉冲响应函数,给出了多层结构涂层厚度无损定量评估的方案,并对试验信号和仿真结果进行处理。结果表明,太赫兹脉冲检测能够达到满意的检测精度,具有较强的涂层厚度定量分析能力。     

聚脲涂层舷侧板架抗撞性能试验研究

针对船舶舷侧结构抗碰撞问题,开展有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤试验研究。以某型舰船结构为依据建立舷侧板架有限元模型,利用瞬态动力学软件MSC/Dytran对模型进行数值仿真并确定落锤高度及试验工况。在此基础上,制作模型板架进行有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤冲击试验,分别获得有涂层和无涂层舷侧板架在碰撞冲击载荷作用下的损伤变形、破口大小及碰撞力,对比研究聚脲材料的抗撞防护性能。结果表明,聚脲涂层的存在能够加强舷侧板架的耐撞防护性能。     

上海中挪海事技术有限公司涂层试验室

上海中挪海事技术有限公司是由中国船级社和挪威船级社共同出资组建的合资公司,成立于2007年10月。公司所属的涂层试验室是根据中国海洋船舶工业和油气勘探开发工业及其它相关工业对于防腐涂层试验的需要而建立的面向国内外的独立试验室。主要服务于造船行业,海洋工程,风电等行业的涂层材料供应商。为客户提供涉及防腐涂层要求的相关试验。     

航标技术改造中的风险预测及管理

风险预测及管理是国示航8标界近年来颇为关注的话题。如何在航标管理中引入风险的概念,如何通过风险管理来达到航标建设投入与产出的合理平衡是我们中国航标界人员应仔细思考的问题。本文结合以往在航标技术改造中的一些经验,论述了航标技术改造的风险类型,以及相应的评估指标体系,初步总结了这方面的经验,供参考。     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

Attitudes toward Participation in Cooperative Coastal Management: Four European Case Studies

Findings are reported of the VALCOAST project that had as one of its research objectives to ascertain: (a) stakeholder willingness to participate and cooperate in coastal management (CM), given local and national CM practices; and (b) stakeholder assessment of the "accessibility" and "friendliness" of current CM processes. The project involved case studies and stakeholder interviews in Belgium, Greece, Spain, and the UK. Major findings include: (1) most stakeholders are willing to cooperate in three out of the four case areas, but not to the same extent; (2) the participating "officials" in the case studies are expecting the stakeholders to be less willing to cooperate than the latter indicate; (3) stakeholders in all case studies do not expect to be heard by those responsible for CM, find it difficult to learn about the relevant institutional arrangements, and consider the communication of the objectives and anticipated impacts of CM policies to be inadequate. It is concluded that the strong evidence of stakeholders' potential willingness to cooperate in local initiatives is very encouraging for a devolved, regional approach to European Union coastal management policies, provided that this potential is capitalized upon in such policy processes.     

Examining Residents’ Proximity,Recreational Use,and Perceptions Regarding Proposed Aquaculture Development

Competing interests related to marine resources have the potential to create conflict in the coastal zone. In many parts of the world marine farms exist in close proximity to areas that support recreation and tourism. The purpose of this study was to examine residents’ perceptions of proposed marine farm development related to their proximity to, and recreational use of, a coastal area in New Zealand. Residents from two areas were surveyed about their recreational use of the region and about perceptions related to marine farm development. Results indicated that those living closest to proposed marine farms used the area more often and in different ways, were most sensitive to marine farm development, and were less positive in their evaluations of marine farms, despite agreeing that marine farms can have positive economic consequences for nearby communities. Implications for using stakeholder input for the planning and management of marine farms are discussed.     

新概念FPSO最新研究进展

结合30多年来开发出的各种新概念FPSO,介绍FPSO在海上油田开发中的应用优势和不足,重点介绍FPSO在浮体形式创新和使用功能扩展方面的最新研究进展,对FPSO的设计研究提出建议.     

Risk analysis of jackup rigs

Increasing attention has been focussed in the North Sea and elsewhere on the quantification of the risks of working in a hazardous enviroment: the offshore world. The perception of risk with respect to mobile rigs has often been vague and uninformed. This paper attempts to put the risks with respect to jackup rigs into perspective by quantifying them and comparing them to other risks.

This paper contains a few risk comparisons with fixed platforms, semi-submersibles, and drillships. Historical casualties are used in an example to show how a change intended to make an operation safer, may result in the opposite effect.

Examining risks from losses due to environmental overload, the conclusion is reached that jackups are very safe structures: there appears to be no jackup, in the timeframe examined, that has been lost because of a deficiency in the calculation methods currently in use by knowledgeable experts.     

基于小波分析的Spar平台阻尼系数研究

连续小波分析方法作为典型的时频方法虽已广泛应用于工程界,但在海洋工程领域并未得到大力推广。文章应用连续小波分析方法对海洋工程领域中与Truss Spar平台涡激运动相关的阻尼系数进行求解。通过构建测试信号对这一方法进行数值检验,验证了小波分析方法的可靠性和准确性。利用试验数据,成功将小波分析方法应用于求解Truss Spar平台阻尼系数问题中。结果表明小波分析方法具有较好的可靠性,能够准确求解平台的阻尼系数。     

高分辨率罗兰C天波延迟估计新技术

提出了一种基于特征分解的多信号分类算法估计罗兰C接收机天波延迟的信号处理新技术。它为接收机基准点的实时设置提供了一种新方法。常规接收机为了防止天波干扰，将基准点设置在一个固定位置上，导致基准点处信噪比受包络限制而较低，从而大大增加了对准基准点的时间。利用这项技术，我们在低信噪比条件下分离出了地波和天波的到达时刻。这就使得接收机能根据天波延迟变化实时选择基准点最佳位置，并能利用地波到达时刻进行周期选择。由于此法有助于增加基准点处的信噪比，减少对准基准点的时间，因而能极大地提高现有罗兰C接收机的性能。还显示了新方法较IFFF方法有更高的分辨率。     

长江干流交通管理系统的研究

长江是我国东西交通的大动脉,随着经济建设的发展,水上运输日趋繁忙,为了保证水上交通安全,提高船舶运输效率,防止环境污染,在长江水域建立船舶交通管理系统是当务之急。本文首先分析了长江干流水域特点,根据最优化原则提出长江干流建立船舶交通管理系统的方案,特别是应用模糊综合数学模型和德尔菲(Delphin)专家咨询方法对10个重点航段交通管理系统的需要程度作了排序,使交通管理系统规划设计的科学性、定量化提高到新的高度。     

Overseas trade vis-a-vis overseas shipping: Growth and performance in India (1999–2009)

Maritime trade has been and even continues to account for about a lion's share of India's total cargo volumes. Despite the growth of multimodal transport (by land, water and air), shipping still continues to be the major mode of transport in the bulk carriage of country's overseas trade. In view of this vital role of shipping, in the first four decades of independence, under the initiative of planned development and active government support, India's shipping and port sector saw dramatic growth in their performance to build adequate national fleet, in keeping up with the transport of overseas cargo. However, the onset of economic liberalization in 1991 has given rise to many new dimensions in the development of the shipping and port sector of the country with a significant redefinition of shipping and port services, in response to the new global trend patterns. For instance, it has also established the new era of containerization in the mode of cargo delivery from the dominance of the era of bulk and break-bulk trade during the decade of sixties and seventies. Moreover, as global competition increases, in response to this emerging trade patterns within this country, India's volume of traffic growth also increases manifold. So, India's shipping and port sectors need, significantly, to build up and furnish their capacity by increasing the frequency of this mode of transport i.e. the growth of the national overseas fleet to meet this surging demand. This paper, therefore, have focused on this role of shipping in such rising overseas trade, with a view to examine the shipping performance (the growth of overseas fleet) in response to the growing overseas trade at all ports of India during the period (1999–2000 to 2008–2009), in terms of both a mathematical model and a graphical representation. Finally, it concludes that the absolute overseas trade, being highly import dependent, have led to a more or less stagnant performance in overseas shipping, owing to the lack of the adequate growth of absolute overseas exports during this period.