Design and Parametric Investigation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

This research focuses on design and calculations for the horizontal axis wind turbine to fulfill energy demands at small scales in Pakistan. This is the design to produce about 5 kilowatts of electricity to share the load of average home appliances. Area chosen for this research is Pasni, Balochistan in Pakistan to build the wind turbine for electricity. Design values are approximated by appropriate formulas of wind energy design. In current research, turbine blade profile is designed by blade element momentum (BEM) theory. Warlock wind turbine calculator is used to verify the design parameters like wind speed, tip speed ratio (TSR) and efficiency factor. Effects of wind speed, wind power, TSR, pitch angle, blade tip angle, number of blades, blade design and tower height on power coefficient are analyzed in this research. Maximum power coefficient is achieved at a designed velocity of 6m/s. Design analysis is also performed on simulation software ANSYS Fluent. It is observed that designed velocity parameter of this research is very suitable for the turbine blade, so blade designing is perfect according to wind speed range.     

基于Bezier曲线法对径流式涡轮机动叶的设计

根据叶轮初步设计公式,结合Bezier曲线构造方法依靠NUMECA软件Design3D模块以径流向心式涡轮机效率0.5为目标值,对叶轮子午面型线以及动叶型线进行设计。并通过NUMECA软件对所设计的叶片以及子午流面进行流体计算,得出了符合效率目标值的叶型和子午流面参数,以及子午流面的绝对温度和绝对压力的分布,提出了以径流向心式涡轮机效率为目标值,结合Bezier曲线构造法的叶片型线和子午流面型线的设计方法。     

涡轮叶片逆向建模与特征参数提取

为了在已有涡轮叶片实物基础上进行再创新设计,采用激光扫描仪对涡轮叶片进行数字化扫描,提出了在三维测量得到涡轮叶片点云数据的基础上,准确进行逆向建模、反求几何参数和提取气动特征参数的逆向设计方法.根据涡轮叶片的几何参数反求和提取气动特征参数要求,基于获取涡轮叶片的截面点云图,用五次多项式曲线拟合叶盆和叶背,并用圆弧逼近叶形前后缘.基于该方法,采用Matlab软件对涡轮截面线点云进行拟合,反求得到了叶身型线方程,拟合偏差控制在之内,能够获得准确的叶片截面型线和气动特征参数.      

风力发电塔系统整体建模与模态分析研究

为了判断风力发电塔系统是否能避开共振,需对其进行模态分析。提出了考虑“桨叶-轮毂-机舱-塔筒”耦合的整体建模的方法,可用于风力发电塔系统模态的计算。分别进行了停机阶段、运行阶段和切出阶段的模态分析,对比其频率和固有振型。对比结果表明：三个阶段的频率基本相同,只须验算停机状态下的频率满足规范即可;塔筒的振动形式主要为侧向弯曲振动、前后弯曲振动和扭转振动;桨叶在前十阶的振动形式主要为挥舞振动和摆振,且三桨叶振动存在一定的规律;相对于停机阶段,运行阶段时振型基本相同,切出阶段时振型有较大差异。     

高速公路太阳能供电和风力供电技术应用

高速公路交通工程及沿线设施设计中,机电设备的供配电因涉及到节能、电缆防盗等因素,一直以来都是建设单位和设计单位重点考虑的问题,机电设备一般采用太阳能和风能的供电方式,可以有效利用自然能源,从而解决采用传统供电方式的电缆因被盗导致机电设备失效而造成的经济损失和对运营管理的影响,有效降低运营期间的费用、提高服务水平。     

吸喷结合式水翼水动力及空泡性能的数值分析

以NACA0012为研究对象,采用2种湍流模型对翼型绕流进行模拟,通过与实验值对比,确定了合理的湍流模型.分别计算分析了船用水翼添加前缘抽吸作用、后缘喷水作用、吸喷结合作用后,升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比的变化情况,结果表明,船用水翼在微吸水、喷水或吸喷结合作用下均提升了翼型的升阻比,起到了增效的作用.开展了翼型在无吸喷、单吸口、单喷口及吸喷结合形式下的定常与非定常空泡流动的数值模拟,计算结果表明,前缘吸水可以抑制空泡的发展,尾部喷水却会使翼型空泡分布扩大化,吸喷结合形式较为适中;针对翼型的3种改进均使空泡周期增长,可抑制单位时间内空泡云的脱落,减少对水翼表面的剥蚀.     

Research on Dynamic Response Characteristics of 6MW Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

A 6 MW spar-type floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) model is put forward and a fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic time domain model is established in the fatigue,aerodynamics,structures and turbulence(FAST) code.Influence rules of wind load and wave load on the characteristics of 6 MW spar-type FOWT are investigated.Firstly,validation of the model is carried out and a satisfactory result is obtained.The maximal deviations of rotor thrust and power between simulation results and reference values are 4.54% and-2.74%,respectively.Then the characteristics,including rotor thrust,rotor power,out-of-plane blade deflection,tower base fore-aft bending moment,and mooring line tension,are researched.The results illustrate that the mean value of dynamic response characteristics is mainly controlled by the wind-induced action.For characteristics of tower base fore-aft bending moment and platform pitch motion,the oscillation is dominated by the wave-induced action during all conditions considered.For characteristics of out-of-plane blade tip deflection and mooring line tension,the oscillation is commanded by combination effect of wave and wind loads when the wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed(hereinafter referred to as below rated wind speed) and is controlled by the wave-induced action when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed(hereinafter referred to as above rated wind speed).As to the rotor thrust and power,the oscillation is dominated by the wind induced action at below rated wind speed and by the combination action of wind and wave loads at above rated wind speed.The results should be useful to the detailed design and model basin test of the 6 MW spar-type FOWT.     

Wind Pressure Characteristics at Windward Side of Long-Span Cantilevered Roof by Wind Tunnel Test

A rigid mode of long-span cantilevered roof was tested in wind tunnel.By analyzing the relation between wind angle and wind pressure coefficient and the relation between wind angle and wind shape factor,we found that 90° is the most disadvantageous wind angle.Furthermore,the fluctuation of wind pressure at the windward edge was reflected by power spectrum density (PSD) and coherence function.The correlation coefficients of measuring points on outer and inner surfaces verifys that the largest lift force was produced at 90°.     

竖轴固定偏角直叶片潮流水轮机自启动性能研究

竖轴固定偏角直叶片潮流水轮机的自启动能力较差。文章根据模型试验的观测分析,利用Fluent软件模拟计算在不同水流速度下叶片在圆周不同位置时的潮流水轮机自启动性能,并与加装叶柵附体的水轮机进行比较,得出加装叶柵附体可以提高水轮机的自启动性及水轮机的水动力性能。     

ANSYS在发电机组塔架动力分析中的应用

将有限元软件ANSYS应用在1MW变速恒频风力发电机组塔架动力分析中,通过对风力发电机组塔架进行模态分析,得到风力发电机组塔架的固有频率和振型,并与塔架理论分析结果对比,验证塔架有限元建模的正确性．     

表面有螺旋装饰条的大跨贝壳形屋盖风荷载特性

为了解装饰造型对大跨贝壳形屋盖风荷载特性的影响，研究了某表面有螺旋形装饰条高铁站房屋盖的风压分布特征. 首先，基于Reynolds时均RNG k-ε湍流模型，建立表面有装饰条大跨贝壳形屋盖的数值风洞模型，以模拟屋盖风压分布，通过与风洞试验结果的对比分析，验证了数值模型的可靠性和适用性；然后，建立表面无装饰条贝壳形屋盖的数值风洞，并进行数值模拟；最后，将表面有装饰条屋盖和表面无装饰条屋盖的计算结果进行对比，从风荷载升力系数、局部体型系数和局部区域速度矢量分布方面，分析表面有螺旋形装饰条贝壳形屋盖的风场变化特性. 研究结果表明:数值模拟得到的表面有装饰肋条大跨贝壳形屋盖风载体型系数与风洞试验的体型系数相对误差在 ± 25%以内，风荷载升力系数偏差率在?7.1%～6.1%；表面有装饰条模型的风载升力系数小于表面无装饰条模型，最大偏差率达22.4%，设置装饰条对大跨贝壳形屋盖的整体抗风有利；设置装饰条可以使屋面大部分区域的局部风压减小0～50%，但也会使得个别区域增大2～5倍，在对局部附属构件设计时应予以重点关注；装饰肋条间有一定的狭管效应，肋条对风流的阻挡效应致使风流在肋条处有明显的漩涡产生，并使得肋条自身的风压较高，表面有装饰条屋盖会在背风面产生比表面无装饰条屋盖更大范围的尾涡.      

Data-Driven Process Monitoring and Fault Tolerant Control in Wind Energy Conversion System with Hydraulic Pitch System

Wind energy is one of the widely applied renewable energies in the world. Wind turbine as the main wind energy converter at present has very complex technical system containing a huge number of components,actuators and sensors. However, despite of the hardware redundancy, sensor faults have often affected the wind turbine normal operation and thus caused energy generation loss. In this paper, aiming at the wind turbine hydraulic pitch system, data-driven design of process monitoring(PM) and diagnosis has been realized in the wind turbine benchmark. Fault tolerant control(FTC) strategies focused on sensor faults have also been presented here, where with the implementation of soft sensor the sensor fault can be handled and the performance of the system is improved. The performance of this method is demonstrated with the wind turbine benchmark provided by Math Works.     

双馈风力发电系统MPPT控制技术的研究

介绍了变速恒频风力发电的基本原理,并采用定子磁链定向的矢量控制方法得到了双馈发电机的矢量控制系统模型.本文利用Matlab软件建立了该系统的仿真模型,仿真结果验证了这种矢量控制策略既能保证定子输出频率的恒定,又能达到有功功率和无功功率的独立解耦控制,同时还能较好地跟踪风力机的最大功率输出.     

顺向斜风作用下桥面运动车辆气动特性试验研究

顺向斜风对行车安全的影响不容忽略,为考查顺向斜风对运动车辆气动特性的影响,采用移动车辆模型风洞试验装置,针对缩尺比为1/20的车辆和桥梁模型,测试了顺向斜风作用下运动车辆的气动特性,讨论了风速、风向和风屏障等因素对移动车辆气动特性的影响. 结果表明:移动车辆的五分力系数在不同风速时吻合较好;侧向阻力系数、升力系数和点头力矩系数随着合成风偏角的增大而减小;风偏角较小时,风向角对车辆的升力系数有较明显的影响;风屏障使车辆的气动力系数接近0,且明显地改变了车辆气动力系数随风偏角的变化规律;设置风屏障后,车辆阻力系数的变化率受风偏角、车速和风速等条件的影响.      

基于L-SVM的太阳能短期上网发电量预测方法研究

对光伏上网发电量进行短期预测,可以为电力部门的调度以及用电计划的调整提供参考.提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machines,LS-SVM)对短期光伏上网发电量的预测方法,LSSVM方法具有好的泛化能力.以甘肃某地区电厂的并网发电全年实测数据为实例,同时考虑到短期太阳辐射和光伏电池温度对光伏发电量的影响,建立了基于LS-SVM的短期预测模型.与现有的前向神经网络预测方法进行比较,实验结果表明,该方法能获得更好的预测效果,具有一定的应用潜力.     

高速列车气动性能低温风洞试验

采用低温风洞试验对比了中国高速列车HST、法国高速列车TGV和德国高速列车ICE3的气动性能; 基于EN 14067和TSI标准在铝质材料模型上测试了不同侧偏角下列车阻力、升力和倾覆力矩; 利用粒子图像测速技术测量了列车周围流场, 得到了高速列车与空气的相互作用机理和气动现象; 采用计算流体力学方法模拟了高速列车实际运行情况, 并与低温风洞试验流场测试结果进行了对比。研究结果表明: 0°~10°侧偏角下列车阻力系数绝对值从大到小依次为HST、ICE3、TGV, 侧偏角为0°时, 3种列车的阻力系数分别为0.223、0.166、0.140;0°~5°侧偏角下列车升力系数绝对值从大到小依次为TGV、ICE3、HST, 且数值均接近0, 其中ICE3、HST为正升力, 列车受压向轨面力, TGV为负升力, 列车受上浮力; 0°~5°侧偏角下列车倾覆力矩系数绝对值从大到小依次为TGV、HST、ICE3, 侧偏角为0°时, 3种列车倾覆力矩系数分别为0.021、0.019、0.011;HST高速列车由于头部双层造型设计, 在头部曲面过渡处出现流动分离, 增大了列车摩擦阻力和压差阻力, 导致列车阻力系数比TGV和ICE3偏大一些, 但阻力系数在高速列车头型设计技术要求限值0.25之内, 且升力和倾覆力矩性能较好, 列车具有良好的稳定性, 满足高速列车头型气动设计的工程需求。      

Non-probabilistic reliability research on multi-variable hydraulic turbine blade model

Based on the interval mathematics and possibility theory, the variables existing in hydraulic turbine blade are described. Considering the multi-failure mode in turbine blade, multi-variable model is established to meet the actual situation. Thus, non-probabilistic reliability index is presented by comparing with the output range and the given range.     

Design of fuzzy controller for direct drive wind turbines

Based on the research results of these years, this paper proposes a design of 3MW direct-driven wind generation inverter, and takes much effort in the control algorithm research and MATLAB simulation. Some wonderful results are obtained. All this may provide the reference for practical application. The fuzzy controllers are designed, based on fuzzy logic control theory, which can perfect control of wind generation system with no mathematic model. Models of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and dual pulse width modulation (PWM) converter with their controllers are set by MATLAB/Simulink. In addition, experiments are made on the simulation platform of variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) wind power generation system. The behavior of dual PWM converter is demonstrated by simulations and experiment, and the control strategy is valid and correct.     

Wind Generator Stabilization with Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine

This paper investigates the function of doubly-fed asynchronous machine(DASM)with emphasis placed on its ability to the stabilization of the power system including wind generators.P(active power)and Q(reactive power)compensation from DASM can be regulated independently through secondary-excitation controlling.Simulation results by power system computer aided design(PSCAD)show that DASM can restore the wind-generator system to a normal operating condition rapidly even following severe transmission-line failures.Comparison studies have also been performed between wind turbine pitch control and proposed method.     

匹配VGT柴油机的热力参数特性与性能模拟

可变几何增压(VGT)技术是改善废气涡轮增压器与车用柴油机匹配性能较理想的方案。本文首先介绍了VGT的工作原理和优点,从匹配要求和VGT叶片转动的参数特性两方面对其与油机匹配进行了热力建模,最后给出了叶片转角与发动机油门开度和发动机转速的变化,以及增压比随发动机转速变化的模拟结果,并且进行了简要分析。