发动机缸盖用新型Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金材料

新型Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金材料在319.0合金的基础上,通过调整合金中Cu,Mg两种元素的含量和添加其他微量元素,同时改善了室温性能和高温性能,力学性能优于传统发动机缸盖铝合金;采用常用方法测试了新型铝合金的铸造性能,并且经过试制验证了新型铝合金铸造性能满足发动机缸盖的成型性要求;通过相图分析和显微组织观察揭示了...     

一种新型环氧树脂沥青混合料性能研究

开发了一种新型环氧树脂沥青混合料,介绍了其原材料组成及配合比;测试了胶结料的技术指标及环氧树脂沥青混合料的车辙性能、低温弯曲性能和疲劳性能,并与美国环氧沥青进行了对比。试验结果表明新型环氧树脂沥青混合料的综合性能与美国环氧沥青相差不大,可以作为桥面铺装材料使用。     

某型号空滤器进气系统的气动和消声性能研究

应用流体分析软件Fluent和发动机模拟软件GT-Power分别对某型号空滤器进气系统的气动性能和消声性能进行了模拟计算。分别研究了进出气管的管径大小和插入长度对空滤器进气系统的气动性能和消声性能的影响。研究结果表明,减小空滤器的进出气管直径均能改善空气滤清器进气系统的消声性能,但其气动性能有所恶化,而且通过比较发现,进气管的管径大小比出气管对空滤器的气动性能和消声性能影响更大;进出气管的插入对于此种结构的空滤器进气系统的气动和消声性能并无改善。文章最后根据空滤器消声性能的不足和发动机进气口的阶次噪声曲线,设计了一个谐振腔,改善了其噪声性能。     

SBS品种对改性沥青技术性能的影响分析

以室内试验为基础,研究了SBS1301-1、SBS4303-2改性沥青的技术性能随其掺量的变化规律,进而分析了SBS1301-1和SBS4303-2改性剂对改性沥青的高温性能和低温性能的影响,结果表明SBS改性剂的掺入,沥青的高温性能和低温性能都得到了明显的改善提高,其中线型SBS1301-1对于低温性能的改善更为明显,而星型SBS4303-2对于高温性能的改善较为明显。     

BMW电子气门技术性能分析

为了改善发动机进、排气性能，提高发动机综合性能，BMW电子气门技术安装了全变量气门控制系统，使其油耗降低、功率增加，废气排放性能得到了极大改善。     

矿物纤维沥青混合料路用性能研究

通过对掺加矿物纤维的SBS改性沥青混合料的马歇尔性能、水稳定性能、低温抗裂性能、高温车辙性能和疲劳性能试验,全方位地研究矿物纤维沥青混合料的性能.结果发现:掺加矿物纤维后,在体积指标接近的情况下,改性沥青混合料的马歇尔稳定度增大;增加了矿料沥青膜的厚度,使混合料中的结构沥青比例增加,改善了混合料的水稳定能力;能够增加沥青混合料低温最大弯拉应变,增强其低温抗裂性能和高温稳定性,动稳定度明显提高;能够增大沥青混合料的抗疲劳寿命,最大程度地延缓混合料的破坏进程.最后对矿物纤维沥青混合料的社会经济效益进行了分析.     

几种镀锌钢板的性能对比试验

介绍了几种镀锌钢板的对比试验情况，对日本新日铁、川崎和中国宝钢生产的镀锌钢板进行了成形性能、耐蚀性能、涂漆性能等试验和研究，为汽车零部件合理选用镀锌钢板提供参考依据。     

橡胶沥青的公路路用性能研究

该文从橡胶沥青性能、加工工艺等方面进行了分析研究,通过金丽温高速公路试验段对橡胶沥青混合料和改性沥青混合料的性能对比试验研究与实际检测,对橡胶沥青的路用性能效果进行了验证和评价。     

车身用钢板的抗碰撞性能

汽车碰撞时其车身能吸收较多的碰撞能量可提高汽车的安全性,这就要求车身钢板在具有优良成形性能的同时,还要有高的强度和碰撞时吸收能量的性能,这种性能与高应变速度下钢材的性能有关。介绍了不同钢板在高速应变条件下性能的比较,同时用模拟的方法检验了各种钢板的抗碰撞性能,比较它们碰撞时吸收能量的情况。     

多聚磷酸-SBR复合改性沥青流变性能研究

对PPA(多聚磷酸)-SBR复合改性沥青流变性能进行了研究,对其三大指标、黏度和相容性进行了测试,采用动态剪切流变仪对其高温抗变形性能、弹性恢复性能、耐疲劳性能进行研究,并采用小梁弯曲蠕变试验(BBR)对其低温性能进行了分析.结果 表明:随着PPA掺量的增加,复合改性沥青针人度、延度降低,黏度、软化点升高,PPA能够显...     

UTAC10在水泥路面平整度改善工程中的应用

针对深汕西高速公路旧水泥混凝土路面平整度改善工程的实际情况,采用超薄沥青混凝土（UTAC）罩面技术,分析了超薄沥青磨耗层加铺方案的适用性,明确了目标配合比设计及混合料性能评价试验关键技术指标。通过实际工程的应用,证明了UTAC-10具有良好的施工性能和质量均匀性。     

不同路面状况对路面摩擦系数影响的试验研究

研究人员利用摆式仪测量了不同路面类型(新、旧两种AC-16沥青路面,以及SMA-16和OGFC-13两种沥青路面试块),在不同路面温度(-30～35℃)、不同湿滑情况(干燥、潮湿、湿润、结冰)、不同污染物覆盖(砂粒、泥土),及其组合状况下的摩擦系数,深入分析了不同路面状况对摩擦系数的影响。研究认为:路面温度、水膜、砂粒(泥土)等路面状况的改变,都可能导致路面摩擦系数的显著变化。温度的下降会使干燥路面的摩擦系数随着下降;路面摩擦系数会随着水膜的出现而显著下降;路面湿润条件下,路面出现泥土将使摩擦系数大幅下降;在冰面铺撒适量砂粒能够显著的增加路面摩擦系数。     

Motorcycle fatalities in Malaysia

Malaysia has the highest road fatality risk (per 100,000 population) among the ASEAN countries and more than 50% of the road accident fatalities involve motorcyclists. This study has collected and analysed data from the police, government authorities, and national and international research institutes. Only fatality data are used due to the severe underreporting of severe injuries (up to 600%) and slight injuries (up to 1400%). The analysis reveals that the highest numbers of motorcycle fatalities occur in rural locations (61%), on primary roads (62%) and on straight road sections (66%). The majority are riders (89%), 16 to 20 years old (22.5%), and 90% of the motorcycles are privately owned. Of those involved in fatal accidents, 75% of the motorcyclists wear helmets, and 35% do not have proper licences. The highest number of fatalities by type of collision is ‘angular or side’ (27.5%). Although fatal motorcyclist crashes mostly involve ‘passenger cars’ (28%), motorcyclists are responsible for 50% of the collisions either by crashing singly (25%) or with other motorcyclists (25%). While male motorcyclists predominate (94% of fatalities), female motorcyclists aged 31 to 70, possessing ‘no licence’, not wearing helmets and travelling during the day, account for a higher percentage than male motorcyclists. Malaysia must acquire more motorcycle exposure data and establish an injury recording system and database based on hospital-records. To reduce motorcycle fatalities, it first has to understand why young male motorcyclists are prone to fatal crashes in the evenings and on weekends on rural primary roads, especially on straight road sections.     

Dangerous driving behavior detection using video-extracted vehicle trajectory histograms

Dangerous driving behavior detection can be used in video surveillance systems to identify dangerous patterns, such as Abrupt Double Lane Change (ALC), Retrograde Driving (RD), and Illegal U-Turn (IT), for traffic design, traffic management, and law enforcement. The purpose of this study is to develop a detection method of dangerous driving behavior based on video surveillance. First, a novel method named trajectory histogram is proposed. A set of trajectory histograms (e.g., control points histogram and velocity histogram) is constructed to represent vehicle motion. Then, a frequently used feature selection method named Minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance (mRMR) is introduced to evaluate the most representative trajectory histograms for dangerous driving behavior detection. In addition, a hybrid algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine (PSO_SVM), is then developed to identify dangerous driving behavior. To validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method, several experiments are conducted. The results show that mRMR is better than other representative methods, namely Conditional Mutual Information Maximization (CMIM), Mutual Information Maximization (MIM), and ReliefF, for evaluating the most representative trajectory histograms. Based on the most representative trajectory histograms, the detection accuracy rate of dangerous driving behavior using PSO_SVM is superior to those of the most frequently used classifiers—Naïve Bayesian Classifier (NBC), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and C4.5 decision tree. In addition, we find that the proposed method outperforms the two common approaches for dangerous driving behavior detection in video surveillance systems. Therefore, the proposed method can be widely applied to detect dangerous driving behavior in video surveillance systems.     

基于ATT-LSTM模型的高速公路交通事件持续时长预测

为揭示交通事件对高速公路运行状态持续时间的影响规律,研究了高速公路交通事件持续时长预测方法。考虑高速公路交通事件时间序列特性,基于循环神经网络理论,从时间序列数据中提取交通事件时间依赖关系;通过引入长短时记忆网络,结合特征、时序注意力层挖掘历史时刻信息和当前时刻数据间的相关性,构建基于注意力机制-长短时记忆网络的高速公路交通事件持续时长预测模型。以2018年西安绕城高速公路交通监测数据集为例,开展了高速公路交通事件持续时长预测模型验证,对比了所提模型与反向传播神经网络、随机森林、支持向量机、长短时记忆网络模型这4种典型算法的预测精度,并分析了事件类型、天气条件、车辆类型、交通量等不同影响因素对持续时长的影响程度。结果表明：使用同一数据集,注意力机制-长短时记忆网络预测模型的预测结果平均绝对误差为24.43,平均绝对百分比误差为25.24%,均方根误差为21.17,预测精度优于其他4种预测方法。在模型的各影响因素权重中,事件类型所占权重最大为0.375,其次分别为车道数、车辆类型、天气等;采用立交出入口小时交通量作为修正参数,可以进一步提升预测精度,预测结果的绝对误差、平均绝对百分比误差和均方根误差可分别降低21.3%、7.5%和16.9%。研究结果能进一步提高高速公路交通事件持续时长预测的精度,为公路安全高效运行提供技术支持。     

省域公路出行者信息系统规划方法研究

在分析国内省域公路网（高等公路网、普通公路网）管理机制共性的基础上,提出了省域公路ATIS系统规划方法。首先对省域公路ATIS规划目的、规划定位及规划服务对象进行了分析;制定了通用规划流程,从信息需求分析、体系框架设计（用户服务、逻辑框架、物理框架、标准需求）、系统设计（功能要求分析、系统架构设计）、建设项目规划、实施保障（商业运营模式、保障机制）、规划成果评估等6个方面对规划方法及规划内容进行了探讨。以江苏省公路ATIS规划作为实例,验证了该方法的可行性,并对规划方法特征进行了总结性分析。     

Comparing the efficiency of different computation intelligence techniques in predicting accident frequency

Until now, considerable efforts have been made to determine which modelling technique performs the best for predicting accident frequency based on crash data. In this regard, the presented study seeks to compare four types of Computational Intelligence (CI) modelling techniques in accident frequency prediction in urban segments, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Hybrid ANFIS-Genetic Algorithm (H-ANFIS-GA), and Hybrid ANFIS-Particle Swarm Optimization (H-ANFIS-PSO). Accordingly, different variables relating to traffic condition and road specifications were employed as independent variables, using the dataset consisting of 1370 crash occurred in Mashhad (Iran), in 2014. According to the results, H-ANFIS-GA exhibited the best performance in forecasting accident frequency. In contrast, PSO did not improve ANFIS performance, and it caused a negative influence on its prediction accuracy. Although the ANFIS model performed better than the developed ANN, it came in the third most accurate models. Additionally, the effect of each independent variable on predicted crash frequency was evaluated using sensitivity analysis.     

EQ1090型货车使用可靠性与技术经济指标变化规律研究

本文对大量实际运行样本数据进行研究,揭示了EQ1090型货车的整车运行故障发生规律,给出了其故障密度函数f(l)、分布函数F(l)、可靠度函数 R(l)和故障率函数λ(l),求取了若干使用可靠性特征量的估计值和观测值。另外,还得出了该型货车若干重要技术经济指标的变化规律。     

Design and simuation of a vehicle test bed based on intelligent transport systems

As growing demand of vehicle safety system, especially regarding intelligent transport systems (ITS), automotive manufacturers are focusing more on driving safety and efficient transportation for vehicle users. Many safety systems have been launched in the market recently so, it is important to evaluate the vehicle safety systems and ITS. The ITS based intelligent vehicle test bed was constructed to meet the growing demand of test and verification for such ADAS and ITS systems. First, this paper describes in detail concept of the test-bed. This test-bed is carefully designed to meet the requirements of ISO/TC204 standards. In order to verify the design of the test-bed, virtual test with driving siulator was processed on a virtual test tracks. This test-bed will be used to conduct testing on various ITS and ADAS technologies, such as adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane departure warning system (LDWS), cooperative intersection warning system as well as rollover stability control (RSC) and electronic stability control (ESC), etc.     

混合动力变速器试验台搭建

对试验台架测功机的选择、电子负载、数据采集和通信、辅助系统等的设计和实施过程进行了较为详细的阐述。文章阐述的试验台架可以用于不同类型的混合动力变速器试验,并兼容手动、自动、AMT和DCT变速器,其思路及方案可以为混合动力车辆变速器试验台架搭建提供参考。