FPSO单点系泊系统动力截断优化设计

浮体系泊系统在海洋工程水池进行模型试验时,由于水池尺度有限,首先对系泊线进行等效截断设计,是被动式混合模型试验的重要一步。截断设计时,基于细长杆理论,模拟系泊线的非线性动力特性,将计算所得时域内的系泊力转换到频域响应,选择有代表性的频率及响应建立目标函数,结合NSGA II优化算法,确定最优截断系泊参数,计算快速准确。针对一作业水深420m的FPSO单点系泊系统,进行水平截断设计。截断前后系泊系统和单根系泊线的静力特性吻合很好。截断系泊系统在不同环境载荷作用下的总体响应和系泊动力,都与截断前一致。证明了截断设计的合理性和准确性,为后续的模型试验工作打下了基础。     

系泊缆等效水深截断点处动力响应

考虑海洋平台悬链线式系泊缆的非线性特性,采用集中质量法建立系泊缆的运动方程,分别应用时域和频域分析方法研究系泊缆上若干节点的动力响应。分析上端点运动为正弦波动和随机波动2种情况对应的系泊缆有代表性节点的动力响应。获得了系泊缆不同位置的等效水深截断点处的动力响应与上端点的对应规律,为进一步研究主动式混合模型试验方法提供了技术支持。     

基于混沌算法的等效水深截断系泊系统优化设计

为替代全水深系统进行混合模型试验,设计了等效水深截断系统。同时考虑总系泊系统以及具有代表性的单根系泊缆静恢复力特性相似,采用改进的变尺度混沌算法对等效水深截断系泊系统进行优化计算。选取了一工作水深为1500m的新型单柱式(Spar)平台,对其截断水深为700m的等效截断系泊系统进行优化设计,数值试验结果表明,截断系统的设计是合理的、可靠的。     

基于 INSGA-II 的等效水深截断系泊系统优化设计

深海平台混合模型试验的首要任务是等效水深截断系统的优化设计,其目的是以截断水深系统替代全水深系统进行试验。等效水深截断系统相比全水深系统其工作水深和跨度较小,但其它特性两者应保持一致。文章以工作在304 m 水深的10万吨内转塔式系泊 FPSO 为例,截断水深为76 m,采用改进的非支配排序遗传算法（INSGA-II）对等效水深阶段系统进行了优化计算,同时考虑了总系泊系统水平和垂直两个方向以及具有代表性的单根系缆的静力特性。此实验数值结果表明,所采用的数学模型、优化方法是行之有效的。     

内转塔式系泊FPSO模型试验研究

对一工作水深为375 m的60万桶转塔式系泊FPSO系统(Floating Production,Storage and Offloading System)进行了模型试验研究.由于试验水池的尺度限制,采用了混合模型试验技术对该FPSO的系泊系统进行了等效水深截断处理,并在时域中对截断系统进行了数值重构计算.对试验和数值重构计算得出的若干水动力响应的统计值和功率谱进行了比较,结果显示两者符合得很好.     

基于混合模型试验技术的中等水深FPSO系统水动力性能研究

对一工作水深为375m的中等水深FPSO系统的水动力性能进行了模型试验研究和数值计算.采用了混合模型试验技术进行等效水深截断系泊系统的模型试验并在时域中进行了数值重构计算.对试验和数值重构计算得出的水动力响应的统计值、功率谱和RAO等进行了比较,结果显示两者符合得很好.最后,对全水深实际系泊系统的FPSO进行了时域数值模拟计算,预报了该FPSO系统在几种环境条件下的水动力响应情况.     

内转塔式系泊FPSO模型试验研究

对一工作水深为375m的60万桶转塔式系泊FPSO系统(Floating Production，Storageand Offloading System)进行了模型试验研究。由于试验水池的尺度限制，采用了混合模型试验技术对该FPSO的系泊系统进行了等效水深截断处理，并在时域中对截断系统进行了数值重构计算。对试验和数值重构计算得出的若干水动力响应的统计值和功率谱进行了比较，结果显示两者符合得很好。     

一腱断裂下深水张力腿平台非线性动力响应及系泊特性研究（英文）

张力腿平台采用特殊的垂直系泊系统,属于半顺应半刚度式平台,平台主体-系泊系统-立管之间的耦合动力响应是张力腿平台设计的关键,直接影响平台的安全性和可靠性。文中首先采用数值模拟和模型试验相结合的手段对一座工作水深为500m的张力腿平台运动响应和系泊特性进行了对比验证,模型缩尺比为1:40,试验在上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室进行,数值计算采用SESAM软件。在试验验证的基础上重点对一腱断裂的前、后平台水动力性能进行了对比分析,重点关注有义波高、特征周期以及浪向角等因素对六自由度运动响应以及张力腿张力特性的影响。     

半潜式钻井平台锚泊系统设计与试验验证

针对某深水半潜式钻井平台,为其设计1套多点扩展式锚泊系统.采用数值方法计算船体与系泊系统耦合动力响应,并通过水池模型试验对计算结果进行验证.结果表明,在钻井作业与生存工况下该平台的最大水平偏移与系白张力均满足规范要求.通过计算结果与试验结果的对比发现,由于水池试验采用等效截断方法低估了系泊缆绳本身的质量惯性与所承受的流体载荷,导致系泊张力的计算结果略大于实验结果.     

考虑静力特性相似的等效水深截断系统的优化设计

主要考虑静力特性相似进行了深海平台混合模型试验中的等效水深截断系统优化设计研究。优化方法选用混合离散变量模拟退火法和离散复合形法,目标函数为截断系统和原系统的静力特性相似程度,通过选取适当的设计准则,能在一定程度上减小截断系统与全水深系统动力特性之间的差异。建立了锚泊线材质数据库,以锚泊线材质名和直径作为关键字。在计算锚泊系统静力特性时,先用四阶龙格库塔法求解单根锚泊线的静力特性,然后通过拉格朗日插值法求解总系泊系统的静力特性。采用C 语言基于面向对象方法开发了计算机程序。具体优化计算时,先分别用两种优化法计算出相应的结果,然后选取较好的一个作为最终结果。以一个工作水深为320m的10万t内转塔式系泊FPSO为例,进行了等效水深截断系统优化设计计算,截断水深选为160m,并选取几个典型工况对截断系统和全水深系统都进行了缩尺比为λ=80的模型试验,比较两者的试验结果发现,截断系统设计是成功的。     

深水SPAR平台截断技术研究(英文)

To solve the dimensional limitations of physical models in tests, an equivalent water depth truncated design for a classical SPAR working in 913 m water was investigated. The water depth was reduced to 736m and then to 552m. As this was done, the mooring line lengths, EA value, and mass per meter were adjusted. Truncation rules and formulas for parameters and truncation factors were proposed. SPAR static characteristics were made to be consistent with those at full water depth. Then further time-domain coupled analysis was carried out for the SPAR when the mooring system experienced waves. The mooring lines were simulated by quasi-static method. Global responses and mooring line forces were found to agree well with test results for a prototype at that water depth. The truncation method proved to be robust and reliable.     

深水悬链锚泊系统等效截断水深优化设计

工程中,常用的深水悬链锚泊线通常是由顶部锚链、中部钢索和底部锚链三段复合而成。该文采用分段外推的数值解法,考虑锚泊线所受的重力、张力、流力以及锚泊线的弹性伸长,利用黄金分割算法求解锚泊线顶端张力对应的顶张角,对其进行静力特性分析。基于混合模型试验方法应用,考虑锚泊系统静力特性相似,采用遗传算法编制开发等效截断水深系统优化设计程序。以一座工作水深为1500 m的深水半潜式平台为例,对其悬链式锚泊系统在700 m水深处进行等效截断优化设计计算,为下一步进行混合模型试验提供参考。     

深水作业船锚索锚泊性能研究

为了探索深水作业船的锚索锚泊性能,运用悬乖线理论分析了钢索和复合锚索的无因次长度、重量与位能,推导出了钢索和复合锚索位能对外力导数的公式,从锚索静载荷角度研究了钢索和复合锚索吸收动载荷的能力.模拟计算结果表明,与钢索相比,复合锚索对增加卧底锚索重量、保持锚的稳定性和抓力是有利的,对减小锚泊船漂移范围也有益处,但吸收动载荷能力下降.复合锚索中设置的锚链的长度取1节(27.5 m)为宜,锚泊时甲板以下锚索长度以2.5～3.0倍水深较为合适.此结论对深水作业船的锚泊操纵有一定的参考意义.     

基于INSGA-Ⅱ的等效水深截断系统优化设计(英文)

At present,equivalent water depth truncated mooring system optimization design is regarded as the priority of hybrid model testing for deep sea platforms,and will replace the full depth system test in the future.Compared with the full depth system,the working depth and span are smaller in the truncated one,and the other characteristics maintain more consistency as well.In this paper,an inner turret moored floating production storage & offloading system(FPSO) which works at a water depth of 320m,was selected to be a research example while the truncated water depth was 80m.Furthermore,an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(INSGA-II) was selected to optimally calculate the equivalent water depth truncated system,considering the stress condition of the total mooring system in both the horizontal and vertical directions,as well as the static characteristic similarity of the representative single mooring line.The results of numerical calculations indicate that the mathematical model is feasible,and the optimization method is fast and effective.     

多成份缆索静力特性测量及调整

针对一工作水深为160m的转塔式FPSO的系泊缆索,研究了在空气中测量和调整多成份系泊缆索静力特性的方法,并在模型试验水池中测量了经过调整的系泊缆索的静力特性,其结果与期望值符合程度令人满意.因此,可认为采用此法测量及调整多成分缆索的静力特性是适宜的.     

Development of study on the dynamic characteristics of deep water mooring system

To meet the needs of those exploiting deepwater resources, TLP and SPAR platforms are used in some areas and are considered excellent platforms in deep water. However, many problems remain to be resolved. The design of mooring systems is a key issue for deep water platforms. Environmental loads in deep water effect the physical characteristics of mooring line materials. The configuration and analysis of mooring systems involve nonlinearity due to this fluid-solid coupling, nonlinear hydrodynamic forces, and their effects on stability of motion. In this paper, some pivotal theories and technical questions are presented, including modeling of mooring lines, the theory and method of coupled dynamics analysis on the mooring system, and the development of methodologies for the study of nonlinear dynamics of mooring systems. Further study on mooring systems in deep water are recommended based on current knowledge, particularly dynamic parameters of different materials and cable configuration, interactions between seabed and cable, mechanisms of mooring system response induced by taut/slack mooring cables, discontinuous stiffness due to system materials, mooring construction, and motion instability, etc.     

浅水中OSV锚泊定位分析研究

本文采用数值计算方法对浅水中海洋平台支持船(OSV)的锚泊定位性能开展研究.首先,基于三维频域势流理论,对一艘OSV不同水深的水动力性能开展分析,计算了水动力系数、运动幅值响应算子、一阶波浪力和二阶波浪力.由于浅水中非线性效应显著,本文采用中场公式计算了该OSV全二阶波浪力传递函数(Full Quadratic Transfer Function,简称全QTF).然后,本文对不同水深下锚泊系统的水平刚度开展了分析,计算了不同水深下锚泊系统的水平刚度,研究了水深对锚泊系统水平刚度的影响.最后,采用准动态方法对不同水深下的OSV和锚泊系统开展时域分析,研究了水深对船体运动性能和锚索张力的影响.     

中国南海ASDD深水试验井中的锚泊设计与作业(英文)

Mooring systems play an important role for semi-submersible rigs that drill in deepwater.A detailed analysis was carried out on the mooring of a semi-submersible rig that conducted a trial well drilling at a deepwater location in the South China Sea in 2009.The rig was 30 years old and had a shallow platform with a designed maximum operating water depth of 457 m.Following the mooring analysis,a mooring design was given that requires upgrading of the rig’s original mooring system.The upgrade included several innovations,such as installing eight larger anchors,i.e.replacing the original anchors and inserting an additional 600 m of steel wires with the existing chains.All this was done to enhance the mooring capability of the rig in order for the rig to be held in position to conduct drilling at a water depth of 476 m.The overall duration of the drilling was 50 days and the upgraded mooring system proved to be efficient in achieving the goal of keeping the rig stationary while it was drilling the trial well in the South China Sea.This successful campaign demonstrates that an older semi-submersible rig can take on drilling in deep water after careful design and proper upgrading and modification to the original mooring system.