时变MIMO系统的联合符号检测与信道估计

针对MIMO系统时变多径信道,结舍分集舍并,提出一种带判决反馈的修正混和型MLSE（DF-MHMLSE）为基础的低复杂度联合符号检测与信道估计的递推算法．发送端仅需少量导频符号用于信道估计初始化,在此基础上,针对系统中各MISO子系统,分别采用修正混和型MLSE算法（MHMLSE）,形成临时判决符号矢量集合及对应的临时信道矢量集合,最终根据分集合并确定最佳判决符号矢量,同时实现信道矢量的自适应更新,该算法减小了传统MIMOMLSE的计算复杂度,实现了逐符号检测,并取得了较低的误比特率．     

窄带干扰条件下水声OFDM系统LMMSE信道估计算法

因为正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中强窄带干扰引起水声信道估计性能退化,因此,提出了一种可实用的线性最小均方误差（LMMSE）信道估计方法.该方法结合最小二乘（LS）信道估计结果对受窄带干扰（NBJ）和加性高斯白噪声（AWGN）噪声干扰的导频子载波进行辨别,从而获得最有效信道抽头;根据导出的理论模型,给出了信道自相关、窄带干扰信号和噪声功率等参数的近似估计方法;并采用傅里叶变换以避免矩阵的求逆运算,减少了计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,在强干扰信号条件下,文中提出的方法接近理想状态的LMMSE方法.     

OFDM System Channel Estimation with Hidden Pilot

Channel estimation using pilot is common used in OFDM system.The pilot is usually time division multiplexed with the informative sequence.One of the main drawbacks is bandwidth losing.In this paper,a new method was proposed to perform channel estimation in OFDM system.The pilot is arithmetically added to the output of OFDM modulator.Receiver uses the hidden pilot to get an accurate estimation of the channel.Then pilot is removed after channel estimation.The Cramer-Rao lower bound for this method was deprived.The performance of the algorithm is then shown.Compared with traditional methods,the proposed algorithm increases the bandwidth efficiency dramatically.     

基于ICA的MIMO系统空时盲均衡算法

多输入多输出系统的MMSE均衡中,由于接收端采样大小的限制,对观测信号协方差矩阵的估计和信道的盲辨识误差会严重影响均衡性能,采用独立分量分析作为一种辅助手段改进传统的均衡器,并选择最佳均衡时延优化算法。仿真结果表明,该算法提高了传统算法的鲁棒性,在大大降低计算复杂度的同时改善了均衡性能。     

基于ICA的MIMO系统空时盲均衡算法

多输入多输出系统的MMSE均衡中,由于接收端采样大小的限制,对观测信号协方差矩阵的估计和信道的盲辨识误差会严重影响均衡性能,采用独立分量分析作为一种辅助手段改进传统的均衡器,并选择最佳均衡时延优化算法。仿真结果表明,该算法提高了传统算法的鲁棒性,在大大降低计算复杂度的同时改善了均衡性能。     

Robust ergodic rate transmission for time division duplex beamforming systems

In time division duplex(TDD)beamforming systems,the base station estimates the channel state information(CSI)at transmitter based on uplink pilots and then uses it to generate the beamforming vector in the downlink transmission.Because of the constraints of the TDD frame structure and the uplink pilot overhead,there inevitably exists CSI delay and channel estimation error between CSI estimation and downlink transmission channel,which would degrade system ergodic rate.In this paper,we propose a robust ergodic rate transmission scheme,in which the uplink pilot time interval(UPTI)of an active user is adaptively adjusted according to the changing channel conditions such as Doppler frequency shift,uplink pilot signal to noise ratio(SNR),to minimize the impact of CSI delay and channel estimation error on the ergodic rate of TDD beamforming systems.In order to get the optimal UPTI,we first derive the average post-processing SNR for TDD beamforming systems with channel estimation error and CSI delay.We then obtain the optimal UPTI,which maximizes the average post-processing SNR,given the normalized pilot overhead(the number of pilot symbols per data symbol).The numerical simulation results validate that the the proposed robust ergodic rate transmission scheme not only maximizes the average post-processing SNR but also maximizes the system ergodic rate.Moreover,the scheme can adapt well to the changing channel environments compared with the current fixed UPTI scheme.Especially our research is valuable for the uplink sounding reference signal design in long term evolution advanced(LTEAdvanced)system.     

乘性随机误差模型的最小二乘平差与精度评定

针对乘性随机误差模型参数估计问题,在现有研究的基础上,应用最小二乘理论,讨论了普通最小二乘、加权最小二乘和偏差改正加权最小二乘3种参数平差方法;导出了这3种基于最小二乘原理的参数平差方法的精度评定公式;给出了观测值平差值与观测值改正数的精度评定公式以及大地测量各有关量间的互协方差矩阵;构造了3种最小二乘平差方法相应的单位权方差估计.数据模拟计算结果表明:偏差改正加权最小二乘适用于乘性误差模型的大地测量数据处理,具有二阶近似无偏性;根据模拟数据计算的3种方法参数估计的单位权中误差分别为1.964 8、0.999 8和0.980 7.      

A Reduced Complexity Time-Delay Tracking and Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems

Introduction OFDM[1]is a special case of multicarrier trans-mission, where a single datastream is transmittedover a number of orthogonal subcarriers. Becausethe symbol duration increases for the lower rateparallel subcarriers, the relative amount of disper-sion in time caused by multipath delay spread is de-creased. Intersymbol interference is eliminated al-most completely by introducing a guard time in ev-ery OFDM symbol. Due to these advantages,OFDM is widely exploited for the communica…     

用特殊训练符号的MIMO-OFDM信道估计算法

提出了一种使用特殊训练符号的MIMO-OFDM系统时域LS信道估计的改进算法.采用插零的恒包络指数序列作为训练符号,可以使系统获得较理想的峰平比(PAPR),并能减少码间干扰(ISI)的影响.仿真结果表明,恒包络训练符号比随机训练符号具有很大的优势,在信噪比为20 dB时,利用恒包络训练符号的信道估计算法比利用随机训练符号的算法均方误差(MSE)降低15 dB;在采用特殊训练符号的前提下,改进算法相对传统算法也表现出较大的优越性,信噪比为25 dB时,改进算法的MSE要比传统算法低10 dB.     

FPGA软件无线电平台实现OFDM关键问题的研究

在软件无线电平台上快速实现原型样机,已成为评价通信新技术的重要方法．本文以基于FPGA的软件无线电平台实现OFDM收发信机为例,分析了浮点数与定点数仿真的基本方法及原型样机的设计流程,针对802．11a突发分组OFDM收发信机中的帧同步、符号定时和信道估计等在FPGA中的实现问题,提出了适合于硬件实现的优化算法,节省了硬件资源．最后,在验证平台上实现了全数字OFDM收发信机．测试结果表明,新方法设计合理,收发信机在中频能稳定的无误帧传输．     

基于OFDM的DF中继网络能效最优路径选择策略

针对三节点解码转发(DF)中继OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)网络,提出一种能效最优路径选择策略.通过将中继链路衰落值和直传链路衰落值转化为等效路径损耗值,给出了一种基于等效路径损耗指数的能效最优路径选择准则,并分析了电路功率消耗、带宽、速率需求以及信道条件等因素在路径选择时对系统能效的影响.仿真结果表明,能效最优路径与链路速率需求、传输带宽以及信道条件有关,并满足能效最优路径判决准则,当基站(BS)和用户(MS)间距离为610 m,速率等于5和6 Mbit/s时,本文方案的能效比最大调和信道增益路径选择方案分别提高11.8%和40.5%.      

General precoder design for mitigation of intercarrier interference in OFDM mobile systems

For orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （OFDM） communication systems, the frequency offset in mobile radio channels distorts the orthogonality between sub-carriers, which results in Intercarrier Interference（ICI） and seriously degrades the performance of systems. Based on ICI coefficients analysis, a novel preceder design scheme is proposed for mitigation of ICI. In this technique, preceder matrix is designed by the way of linear counteraction and inserted in the former transmitter signal. Computer simulation results show that this new scheme can effectively reduce ICI and significantly provide the carrier-interference power ratio improvement. Compared with existing ICI mitigation schemes with channel estimation, the proposed scheme has lower computational complexity, and compared with self- cancellation scheme, the bandwidth efficiency can be improved in this proposed scheme. The proposed scheme also has better convergence stability for time-varying frequency selective fading channel.     

Impact of channel estimation error on channel capacity of multiple input multiple output system

In order to investigate the impact of channel estimation error on channel capacity of multiple input multiple output （MIMO） system, a novel method is proposed to explore the channel capacity in correlated Rayleigh fading environment. A system model is constructed based on the channel estimation error at receiver side. Using the properties of Wishart distribution, the lower bound of the channel capacity is derived when the MIMO channel is of full rank. Then a method is proposed to select the optimum set of transmit antennas based on the lower bound of the mean channel capacity. The novel method can be easily implemented with low computational complexity. The simulation results show that the channel capacity of MIMO system is sensitive to channel estimation error, and is maximized when the signal-to- noise ratio increases to a certain point. Proper selection of transmit antennas can increase the channel capacity of MIMO system by about 1 bit/s in a flat fading environment with deficient rank of channel matrix.     

基于变换域的OFDM系统最大多普勒频移估计算法

在OFDM系统中,影响其性能的一个重要参数就是最大多普勒频移.本文根据功率谱估计原理,首先通过对接收到的含有最大多普勒频移（fm）信息的导频信号进行快速傅立叶变换（FFT）,再利用衰落信道功率谱的分布来估计出最大多普勒频移信息.仿真结果表明,此方法可以有效地估计多普勒频移,并且具有实现简单和受噪声影响小的优点.     

基于OFDM的列车控制网络宽带系统

针对列车通信网络日益增长的带宽需求,提出一种TCN基带信号承载高频载波信号的信道共享解决方案,采用OFDM技术与TCN总线共用同一物理介质,在基带传输低速率、高可靠控制指令的同时,叠加更高频域的多媒体数据信息,实现信道复用.利用Matlab建立了列车控制网络宽带OFDM模型,并用FPGA实现了收发机样机系统,最后通过实验,验证了方案的可行性.     

基于几何约束及迭代的NLOS环境定位算法

针对在非视距 （non-line-of-sight,NLOS）环境中传统最优化定位算法抗NLOS误差能力较弱、且需要一个较准确的初始估计位置以确保算法收敛这一问题,提出一种应用在双基站场景下的基于几何约束及迭代的定位算法. 通过引入最大散射半径作为几何约束条件,以线性迭代方式进行一维全局搜索,并采用最小二乘算法获得移动台（mobile station,MS）初始估计位置,然后利用设定的阈值门限对各初始位置点进行筛选,最后通过加权平均获得MS的最终估计位置. 仿真结果表明:当散射半径为200 m时,本文算法的定位误差在200 m以下的概率能达到100%;在相同环境下,本文算法计算时间开销仅是网格搜索法的0.4%.      

Simple closed-loop method to compensate interference asymmetry in time-division duplex MIMO-OFDM systems

In wireless communications systems with time-division duplex (TDD) deployment, channel reciprocity and symmetric interference between transmitter and receiver sides are two widely-adopted assumptions for the design of optimal adaptation transmission mode. However, in practice, there is an undesirable but non-negligible effect, namely the asymmetric interference, that makes the assumptions no longer valid. In this paper, a simple closed-loop feedback method of compensating interference asymmetry in TDD multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed. The system makes the estimated interference at transmit-side be able to track the instantaneous receive-side interference dynamically. The proposed method maintains constant frame error rate (FER) by adopting adaptive modulation coding (AMC) and power loading. The final simulations have verified the effectiveness of the new method.     

天线分集的MIMO系统的容量分析

结合空间分集和极化分集，对MIMO—OFDM系统中的容量进行研究。在IEEE 802．16d室内多径环境下，对使用2根发射天线和2根接收天线的MIMO—OFDM系统进行了深入研究。在发射端和接收端，空间分集和极化分集技术同时应用在MIMO—OFDM系统中。为了比较，对仅使用空间分集的通信系统容量也进行了讨论。     

Differential Space Frequency Mapping Schemes and Norm Criterion

Introduction Since Hochwald and Sweldens[1], Hughes[2]independently invented differential unitary spacetime code, it aroused huge enthusiasm on the de-sign of differential modulation methods. No chan-nel state information (CSI) is needed at the trans-mitter and the receiver side, so the demodulation isvery simple. These works all concern the flat fad-ing environment and low data rate case, assumingthe channel is approximately constant for a coher-ent interval. But for the multi-path environ…     

Lattice reduction aided MMSE Tomlinson-Harashima precoding based on VBLAST algorithm for MIMO systems

A lattice reduction aided （LRA） minimum mean square error （MMSE） Tomlinson-Harashima precoding （THP） was proposed based on vertical Bell Labs layered space time （VBLAST） algorithm for multiple input multiple output （MIMO） systems. The extended channel was used to provide optimal tradeoff between residual interference and noise amplification. The processing based on lattice reduction method helps achieve maximal diversity order. The VBLAST algorithm was applied to get the optimal processing ordering for successive interference cancellation （SIC） at transmitter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional THP and the LRA zero-forcing （ZF） THP with full diversity order.