港口建设项目环境影响经济评价流程的建立

从法律和理论层面分析了建立港口建设项目环境影响经济评价流程的必要性,确定了需要进行环境影响评价的港口的时空边界;给出了上述边界内水环境影响因子、大气环境影响因子、声环境影响因子和土壤环境影响因子的具体项目;在此基础上构建了港口建设项目环境影响经济评价流程。所得结果将有助于形成绿色GDP核算体系下的港口建设项目国民经济评价。     

基于AHP——模糊综合评判的港口功能评价方法的研究

将层次分析法与模糊综合评判方法相结合,提出了一种新的定量的港口功能评价方法。给出了港口功能评价指标体系的结构模型。该方法在一定程度上减小了主观因素对评价的影响并使定性问题定量化。在实际问题中应用该模型证明此方法可行。     

Port or shipping project appraisal under risk .

Investments in ports and shipping today are subject to uncertainty in demand, costs, prices, and technology requirements. As a result, port and shipping project appraisal must consider the risk of project decisions on outcome. The basic concepts of project appraisal under risk are discussed in this paper, and the effects of uncertainties on measures of project performance such as net present value or internal rate of return are reviewed. Applications of the approach advocated are presented in a follow-up paper.     

港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛填海工程总平面优化设计

为降低港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛工可总平面布置的阻水率,巧妙利用澳门明珠陆域向东突出的地形地貌,调整珠海接线人工岛布置,使珠澳口岸人工岛的阻水横断面减少了37%,同时使珠海接线人工岛的费用减少、工期缩短、施工难度降低。港珠澳大桥珠澳口岸人工岛填海工程总平面因地制宜的优化设计思路及方法获得了初步设计专家评审会的肯定,可为类似河口区临近大陆人工岛平面布置提供有益的参考。     

日照港30万吨级原油码头航道船舶操纵模拟试验研究分析

利用大型船舶操纵模拟器对航道航行水域进行模拟试验研究,包括不同风、浪、流等环境下操船危险度及安全评价结果,进、出港所需时间,并推荐航道的合理宽度,为工程结构设计和操船规程的制定提供可靠依据。     

Co-operation and competition in international container transport: strategies for ports

This paper focuses on the response of port authorities to the changing market environment in which they operate. It documents the changes taking place in the relationships between port authorities and terminal management companies and considers the strategic issues faced by these groups and other port interests. In particular, it investigates the potential conflicts of interest for a port authority in matters related to the level of competition amongst terminals within a port and the amount of competition amongst ports.     

探索港口发展现代物流的切入点

介绍了港口发展现代物流的两个切入点,即从宏观上切入,逐步提高港口的国际竞争能力;从微观上切入,稳步提高港口经济运行质量和效益。阐述了发展现代物流也是港口自身实现跨越式发展的必然途径和战略目标。     

Co-operation and competition in international container transport: strategies for ports

This paper focuses on the response of port authorities to the changing market environment in which they operate. It documents the changes taking place in the relationships between port authorities and terminal management companies and considers the strategic issues faced by these groups and other port interests. In particular, it investigates the potential conflicts of interest for a port authority in matters related to the level of competition amongst terminals within a port and the amount of competition amongst ports.     

‘Tool port’ to ‘landlord port’: a game theory approach to analyse gains from governance model transformation

This study investigates potential port users’ surplus and terminal operators’ profits due to transforming port governance from the ‘tool port’ model to the ‘landlord port’ model. Although the landlord port model is one of the most adopted and successful port governance models, many ports still operate under other models. Chittagong Port, the largest port in Bangladesh, currently operates under the tool port model, while the country’s second-largest port, Mongla Port, operates under the service port model. Chittagong Port is currently facing many challenges, including capacity expansion and renovation of port facilities. Therefore, we form four hypothetical situations for port governance model transformation, assuming that Chittagong Port will transform to the landlord port model but that Mongla Port will run under the existing governance model. Estimating a Bertrand game model, we present a cost-benefit analysis for port users and terminal operators (or port authorities) in hypothetical game situations. The results reveal that privatising one of the container terminals under a landlord setting is the most profitable scenario for Chittagong Port Authority, but privatising all terminals of Chittagong Port yields the highest users’ surplus. However, privatising two of the terminals while they cooperate yields the lowest users’ surplus.     

长江航运体制怎么改?

<正>一、重新落实体制改革的必要前提 长江航运体制改革的必要前提未能具体落实,是改革不能继续深入的主要原因,必须重新认真落实。 一要落实“长江干线千口国家计划开发的重要支流应列为国家航道,由国家统一规划建设”的政策,通过立法确定从国家和地方财政收入有固定比例的资金用于航道建设。在“九五”、“十五”期间,干线航道投入不少于两条平行铁路需要投入的资金。为确保航道正常维护,避免发生象1995年初碾子湾航道阻塞造成重大经济损失的类似问题,除养河费之外,国家应明令从各轮船公司向地方缴纳的营税中抽出50％用于航道维护。 二要多层次、多元化筹集港口建设资金,使基础设施建设与维护有稳定来源。将港口基础设施分为基础设施和装卸设施两部分。基础设施和装卸设施所需建设资金分别由政府、港口企业出资和筹集。 发挥中央和地方的两个积极性。政府出资与筹集的港口基础设施建设资金,分为国务院交通主管部门和地方政府两个部分,地方政府分别由省(市)、地(市)、县(市)政府的资金组成。长江重点港口,用于跨省区干线运输和对国计民生有重要影响与作用的港口,以国务院交通主管部门出资为主,地方政府为辅。为主是对基础设施建设所需主要设施的货币资金投入,为辅是以土地、征地拆迁、港区外公路、     

Shipper's councils: role and responsibility—a western view

This paper first presents arguments for having public sector port authorities. They can deal, flexibly and permanently, with property rights within their own areas. They can plan and regulate port areas comprehensively. They can provide ‘public goods’. They can deal, in various ways, with externalities. They can promote efficiency, whether their own (if they operate as a comprehensive port) or that of the private sector (if they are largely landlords). For example, if their policy is to rely on the private sector to produce efficiency through competition then they can see to it that there actually is competition and not any kind of cartel or monopoly. Examples are cited where this last function has not been performed. The exception for single-user ports is noted.

Against them are the general disadvantages of public authorities (or bureaucracies)—though examples are cited where port authorities had very small staffs. The common instances of ‘market failure’ may thus be contrasted with those of ‘government failure’. Finally, a pragmatic approach is advocated, tailored to the needs and resources of the country in question. The increasing effect of the economies of scale in port technology, and its limitation on competition, is, however, noted and to be discussed in the next paper.     

Economic policies and seaports: Are port authorities necessary?

This paper first presents arguments for having public sector port authorities. They can deal, flexibly and permanently, with property rights within their own areas. They can plan and regulate port areas comprehensively. They can provide 'public goods'. They can deal, in various ways, with externalities. They can promote efficiency, whether their own (if they operate as a comprehensive port) or that of the private sector (if they are largely landlords). For example, if their policy is to rely on the private sector to produce efficiency through competition then they can see to it that there actually is competition and not any kind of cartel or monopoly. Examples are cited where this last function has not been performed. The exception for single-user ports is noted.

Against them are the general disadvantages of public authorities (or bureaucracies)—though examples are cited where port authorities had very small staffs. The common instances of 'market failure' may thus be contrasted with those of 'government failure'. Finally, a pragmatic approach is advocated, tailored to the needs and resources of the country in question. The increasing effect of the economies of scale in port technology, and its limitation on competition, is, however, noted and to be discussed in the next paper.     

A three-dimensional risk management model of port logistics for hazardous goods

ABSTRACT

Ports are the distribution centers of hazardous goods in the global transportation system. Once hazardous goods accidents occur in ports, they may cause catastrophic losses to humans and the environment. This research investigates the port logistics risks of hazardous goods and provides an overview of port logistics regarding hazardous goods risks. With this investigation, we conducted a detailed analysis of the underlying causes of the port logistics accidents related to hazardous goods. To manage these risks, this article proposes a three-dimensional risk management model that includes human, governance and goods and provides a risk level identification framework for port hazardous goods logistics. Applying the three-dimensional risk management model, we use the Tianjin port explosion as a case study. Finally, we provide several potential preventative measures to prevent such accidents. The findings of this article contribute to the implementation and monitoring of port strategies that will allow for more sustainable and secure development.     

港口腹地划分的断-电模型研究

如何准确地划分港口的腹地范围,以明确港口的定位和规划布局很重要。现有的港口腹地划分方法大多只以某一个单一因素作为港口腹地划分的依据,只能实现对港口腹地的笼统划分,不能满足指导港口制定未来发展目标与规划的任务。在总结了以往的腹地划分方法的基础上,提出了一种新的港口腹地划分方法——断-电模型。该模型是基于城市腹地划分的断裂点模型和电子云模型综合而成的,是在考虑到港口及腹地地区综合影响因素的基础上建立的,能够较为准确地划分港口的腹地范围。最后以营口港的腹地划分为例对断-电模型进行了实际应用,并取得满意效果。     

Activities,resources and inter-organizational relationships: key factors in port competitiveness

In the last decade, the port economics literature has given great emphasis to the Supply Chain Management approach as the new paradigm for the definition of port competitiveness. SCM supports the development of partnerships between the actors of the supply chain and considers the integration of activities and resources along business processes as source of competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the application of SCM approach to the port is particularly compiex given the traditional hostile relationships between port actors. In the effort to overcome such complexity, some authors have considered ports as Logistics Service Providers and interpreted their role within supply chains through the integrative practices undertaken by Global Players–mainly Shipping Companies and Terminal Operators–in the supply of integrated logistics services. Even tough these actors are crucial for the port competitiveness, they determine a passive role of port in the new competitive scenario. The definition of a potential and pro-active role of port in the supply chains is the objective of this paper that presents, through a literature review on SCM and port competitiveness, a new framework for port competitiveness. According to this framework, that is based on the value constellation concept value is generated by joint effort of port actors in the satisfaction of clients' needs, through the exploitation of different I mterdependencies (serial, pooled and reciprocal) between supply chains. In this context, Port Authority has a I fundamental role in identifying those resources–the so called critical assets–that encourage the development of inter-organisational relationships between port actors in the value generation process.     

国外港口群管理先进经验之探析

介绍了一些国家对港口群管理的先进经验。其中有关国的纽约一新泽西港务局、欧洲海港组织、日本运输省等。他们在港口群建设中大胆实践,总结出了统一协调、广泛合作的港口群建设经验,并提出了港口群规划的新思路,提出了确保港口运营自主性的重要性。     

Targeting market opportunity for port growth: a CART-based decision support system

Complex decisions, such as those facing port managers when targeting market opportunities for growth, are multifaceted and follow complex patterns of sequential and iterative decision subsets that are not well captured nor represented by current parametric modelling approaches. Nonetheless, understanding how such decisions are made and the patterns they follow have important implications for policy formulation and execution. This paper uses a classification and regression trees (CART) framework—a non-parametric decision trees modelling approach-and develops a decision support system to assist port managers in making effective decisions about market opportunities they should pursue for growth. The CART-based decision support system reveals the predictive structure and complex patterns that the market opportunity selection process follows. It also advances our knowledge and understanding of the interaction and behaviour of the key decision variables and the decision makers in a port context.     

The size effect of a port on the container handling efficiency level and market share in internation transshipment flow

This study examines the relationship between the size of a port, its efficiency increase and the performance growth in the transshipment market. The hypothesis tested is that the bigger size of a port would increase the market share of the port in container transshipment; only when the size effect guarantees better ‘relative’ container handling efficiency in competing port system where the port belongs. To verify the hypothesis, this study carries out two analyses. First, the overall efficiency change of major Asian ports is examined through stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)—this produces the relative efficiency indices of the ports. Second, the relationship between efficiency indices and container transshipment volumes is studied through panel data analysis. From these analyses, it is observed that larger Asian ports show better cargo handling efficiency in relative terms; they also record bigger market share in container transshipment, while the size effect of the ports starts to play a factor when the annual container throughput reaches 5 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU).     

(Law for the Promotion of Competition and Consumer Protection) was passed in early 1995. The impact this law will eventually have, however, is uncertain because rules for its implementation have not yet been established.

Governments in their port reform efforts have experimented with liberalization and commercialization to improve port operations. Because of their failure to meet expectations or because of changing competitive environments, these options have generally been discarded in favour of privatization. In mature large-volume port systems, privatization was a relatively obvious solution, because interport or interterminal competition would be achieved to the extent that the monopolistic tendencies characteristic of their predecessor organizations would cease to exist. In countries with a limited number of ports having relatively small cargo volumes, however, the case is quite different. These countries would have to pursue strategies that would still induce competition in spite of their limited cargo volumes if they hoped to achieve the same privatization benefits and market disciplines enjoyed in other countries. This article examines the port reform approaches used in three distinct competitive settings;the experiences in these countries offer some guidance on how to assure that ports will feel competitive pressures even under conditions of limited cargo volumes.     

反恐措施:亚洲大多数的港口、船东准备就绪

Shipowners and port operators in Hong Kong, the Chinese mainland and Japan say they are ready for new global anti-terror regulations to be implemented today and expect no major disruptions to international trade.