轻型客车技术条件

本标准规定了轻型客车的技术要求与试验方法、检验规则。     

基于行人碰撞保护的某轻型客车前部结构改进

对某轻型客车原前部结构进行行人碰撞保护仿真分析,并提出改进方案和试验验证。结果表明,薄壁吸能板结构可有效提高该轻型客车的行人碰撞保护性能。     

CA6471轻型客车机舱通风及冷却性能的改善

针对CA6471轻型客车的机舱通风和冷却性能进行了试验研究,确定了改善发动机机舱通风和冷却性能的7项措施,并将7项措施分类组合为4种方案,分别进行试验研究后确定了初步改进方案.在此基础上进一步对散热器性能进行改善和试验研究,最终确定了CA6471轻型客车机舱通风和冷却性能改善的设计方案,解决了其基础车型CA6440轻型客车因车身结构限制而存在的发动机过热问题.     

汽车关门声品质的评价及改进

介绍汽车关门声的产生机理、主观评价与客观评价的方法和指标,对某轻型客车的关门声品质进行对标测试,并进行改进设计及验证。     

轻型客车汽油/CNG两用燃料电喷系统的开发

论述了轻型客车汽油/CNG两用燃料电喷系统的组成和技术方案、整车标定.阐述了基于速度/密度法和比例一积分闭环控制的燃料供给控制方法.根据所述的标定流程完成了某轻型客车汽油/CNG两用燃料电喷系统的匹配标定.整车排放试验和道路试验结果表明,装备汽油/CNG两用燃料电喷系统的整车动力性、经济性和排放性能具有较高水平.     

轻型客车偏置碰撞安全性改进设计的台车方法

为了提高某轻型客车的偏置碰撞安全性,在外形保持不变以尽可能节约成本的前提下对车身进行改进。根据轻型客车大多采用半承载式车身,车架是主要的吸能部件的特点,把车架作为重点改进对象,采用台车试验和台车模拟相结合的方法,提高其正面偏置碰撞安全性能。     

某轻型客车空气滤清器进水分析与改进

针对某轻型客车空气滤清器进水问题进行分析,确定空滤进水原因;分别对车身护罩和空滤进气口结构进行改进,并在空滤最底部增加排水阀。对改进后的轻型客车分别进行淋雨试验、洗车试验以及发动机进气量测试。结果表明,空滤改进效果较好。     

SH6600轻型客车悬架分析

为改善ＳＨ６６００轻型客车的平顺性，提出了改进设计方案，本文介绍ＳＨ６６００轻型客车悬架参数的计算和悬架振动的分析过程，给出了在各种不同道路上ＳＨ６６００轻型客车１／３信频程试验分析曲线，并提出了改善ＳＨ６６００轻型客车平顺性的三个方面，即重新设计后悬架钢板弹簧，提高前悬架减振器阻尼以及设计与后悬架钢板弹簧相匹配的后悬架减振器阻尼。     

某轻型客车横向稳定杆的匹配研究

针对某轻型客车操稳性能较差的问题,结合该车前后悬架型式和生产实际,重新匹配优化其前后横向稳定杆。根据优化结果试制了样件,然后装车进行操稳性能试验。试验由丰富经验的评车师进行主观评价。评价得分结果显示,优化后该车操稳性能得分达到8.63,比原车提升31%,说明了优化方案有效可行。     

某轻型客车高速时方向盘摆振原因分析及处理

为了消除某轻型客车在高速时产生的方向盘摆振现象,提高车辆的操纵稳定性和行驶安全性,本文通过理论分析和试验验证的方法对该款轻型客车的方向盘摆振现象的产生机理及其振源进行了分析。试验和分析的结果表明高速时方向盘的摆振现象是由车辆前轴各旋转部件动不平衡所引起的,通过控制相关部件的端面跳动和动不平衡量可以消除或明显减弱高速时的方向盘摆振问题。     

基于ECER66法规的某大客车上部结构强度

以某全承载大客车作为研究对象,应用有限元分析理论,建构了客车有限元模型和客车上部结构强度的数值模拟研究环境.根据ECE R66的等效认证方法,进行了整车质心位置计算以及车体截段实车侧翻试验,评价了其上部结构的变形及其侵入乘员生存空间的状况.将车体截段试验结果与数值仿真结果对比,研究发现两者具有较好一致性.在此基础上,研...     

Analysis of bus rollover protection under legislated standards using LS-DYNA software simulation techniques

A bus rollover is one of the worst vehicle accidents that can occur. Because of the large numbers of passengers, the casualties in a bus rollover are often high and severe. The compliance with rollover safety standards for buses and coaches is mandated by law. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the physical meanings of regulation number 66 of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE R66) and standard number 220 of the American Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS 220). This comparison was carried out using a LS-DYNA finite-element analysis. After performing a comparative analysis following ECE R66 and FMVSS 220 assessments, the investigation further demonstrated the distortion configuration of the vehicle superstructure through the absorbed energy and its distribution over the vehicle and in sections of vehicle superstructure as well as the violation of the passenger compartment under the rollover testing conditions of both ECE R66 and FMVSS 220. Great differences were found between ECE R66 and FMVSS 220 in distortion configuration, reflecting differences in capability and rollover testing conditions. These findings provide a means of evaluating bus superstructure strength and provide guidelines useful in the assessment of regulations applied to the evaluation of bus rollover strength.     

Optimization of bus rollover strength by consideration of the energy absorption ability

Buses are an integral part of the national transportation system of each country. A rollover event is one of the most important hazards that concerns the safety of the passengers and the crew in a bus. In the past, it was observed after the accident that the deforming superstructure seriously threatens the lives of the passengers. Thus, the stiffness of the bus frame is the first thing that needs to be considered. The unfortunate side of strengthening the bus superstructure is that it usually causes the bus weight to increase. This paper presents an efficient and robust analysis method with which to design the bus superstructure for a reduction in occupant injuries from rollover accidents while the weight of the strengthened bus is maintained at the same level. First, the absorbed energy of the bus frame and its components during a rollover were investigated by using a LS-DYNA numerical study. The highest energy absorption region, which is the side section of the bus frame, was found and focused on for the investigation of a means to re-distribute the energy-absorption ability of the side frame component. Then the thickness parameters that were obtained from the re-distribution of the energy-absorption ability were used in the analysis to optimize the design. Finally, a prototype of the bus with a reasonable thickness for the window pillars and the side wall bars, which was based on the optimized parameters, was verified to ensure it satisfied ECE R66. In this paper, an effective usage of materials and an efficient and robust analysis method were presented to design the bus superstructure. Although the optimization process for increasing the stiffness is simple, this study improves the upper displacement by 39.9% and the lower displacement by 49.3% (versus the bus survivor space) while maintaining the bus weight at the existing level.     

Load Transfer Analysis of a Bus Bay Section Under Standard Rollover Test Using <Emphasis Type="Italic">U</Emphasis>*<Subscript>M</Subscript> Index

Bus rollover accidents are receiving increasing attention due to the associated high fatality rate. In order to improve the bus structural performance during the rollover collision, it is necessary to investigate how the impact force is transferred within the bus superstructure. This paper introduced a method for studying the load transfer behavior of the bus superstructure during the standard rollover test by using the U * _M index. A bus bay section was used as the sample structure to demonstrate the proposed method. The result of the paper reveals that the load transfer analysis based on the U * _M index can provide engineers with the insight of the structural issues and the direction to improve the structural performance, which cannot be accomplished through the conventional finite element analysis.     

我国客车上部结构强度公告和出口认证试验的异同

阐述我国客车上部结构强度公告和出口认证试验的异同,为厂家开展上部结构强度设计和试验提供参考。     

基于典型城市工况的电动汽车用动力电池非恒流放电测试研究

目前国家标准仅采用恒流放电的方式对电动汽车动力电池性能进行测试评价,该测试方式不能真实模拟动力电池的实际使用工况。文章提出基于中国典型城市循环工况的动力电池非恒流放电测试方法,为电动汽车用动力电池的选型及性能匹配测试提供参考。     

Methodology for bus structure torsion stiffness and natural vibration frequency prediction based on a dimensional analysis approach

Engineering bus design requires testing of bus structures prototypes in order to guarantee a certain level of strength and an appropriate static and dynamic behavior of the bus superstructure when exposed to road loads. However, experimental testing of real bus structures is very expensive as it requires expensive resources and space. If testing is done on a scale bus model the previous required expenses are considerably reduced. Therefore, a novel methodology based on dimensional analysis applied to bus structure prediction to evaluate the bus structure static and dynamic performance is proposed. The static performance is evaluated attending to torsion stiffness and the dynamic in terms of the natural vibration frequencies and rollover threshold. A scale bus has been manufactured and dimensionless parameters have been defined in order to project the results obtained in the scale bus model to a larger model. Validation of the proposed methodology has been carried out under experimental and finite element analysis.     

微型客车车身结构综合评价

以某微型客车为例,采用CAE技术对微型客车车身结构特性的综合评价方法进行研究。对微型客车白车身模态、刚度和强度、车身接头刚度、车身挂点强度、车身耐撞性等结构性能进行了分析和评价,包括载荷、边界条件的设置,以及评价指标及其合理范围,可供相关车身研发分析参考。     

基于ADAMS/CAR二次开发模块研究汽车平顺性

以ADAMS／CAR二次开发模块为平台，建立了国产某小型客车虚拟样机的多体系统动力学仿真模型。按照国家有关整车平顺性的试验评价方法和标准，进行了整车平顺性脉冲输入和随机输入行驶仿真试验分析。对比实车测试结果，主要评价指标加权振级的最大仿真误差小于5％，即仿真结果具有较高的可信度，说明在车辆设计阶段，利用此二次开发模块可对其平顺性进行有效的分析和评估。     

应变能法在客车结构设计中的应用

目前对客车骨架结构优劣的评价还没有一个明确的指标,作者在多年研究的基础上,提出以整车应变能最小作为量化指标的评价标准,用此数对三种不同拓扑结构的客车骨架进行了分析,揭示了应变能与结构刚度强度的关系。实践证明所提出的评价方法是有效的。