通气超空泡内部流场的PIV实验图像处理

PIV测试是流体动力学实验研究的重要方法之一,可以成为通气超空泡内部流场结构实验研究的有效手段。通过水洞实验利用PIV对通气超空泡内部流场进行测试时,激光在气液两相界面处会发生折射,导致实验图像变形和失真。文章分析了激光在空化流场中各相界面的折射特性和PIV实验图像的变形规律;在此基础上,推导了图像变形的分析计算式,给出了通过原始流场图像获取真实流场图像的还原处理方法;编制了图像还原计算程序,并对原始PIV图像进行了处理,得到了反映真实空泡内部流场结构的图像。     

通气空泡内部流场结构实验研究

采用人工通气的办法在水下航行体表面生成通气超空泡可以大幅降低水下航行阻力。保持通气空泡的形态稳定是保证航行体水下流体动力稳定的前提,因此需要了解通气空泡内部气体流动结构及其与空泡泄气方式的相互影响规律。该文建立了通气空泡内部流场结构的实验测量装置,并运用PIV(粒子成像测速)方法对通气超空泡内流场结构进行了测量,归纳了通气空泡三种典型的内部流场结构形式及其成因,并给出了泡内气流流速的变化趋势。     

表面PIV在潜航体兴波伴流场测量中的应用

介绍潜航体兴波伴流场的表面PIV测量方法,对表面PIV的标定,示踪粒子的选择,背景干扰流场的消除方法以及表面PIV测量精度等问题开展分析讨论。实验表明:运用表面PIV技术可灵敏地探测到潜航体微弱的V型兴波伴流场,该兴波伴流场可以用潜航体的‘源-汇’效应解释。本文采用普通CCD数码摄像机以及普通光源摄取表面粒子图像,与传统的激光PIV设备相比,不仅经济而且使用方便,测量结果精确可靠,运用表面PIV技术测量表面微弱流场的精度可达0.01 pixel。     

表面 PIV在潜航体兴波伴流场测量中的应用

介绍潜航体兴波伴流场的表面 PIV测量方法,对表面 PIV的标定,示踪粒子的选择,背景干扰流场的消除方法以及表面 PIV测量精度等问题开展分析讨论。实验表明：运用表面 PIV技术可灵敏地探测到潜航体微弱的 V型兴波伴流场,该兴波伴流场可以用潜航体的‘源-汇’效应解释。本文采用普通 CCD数码摄像机以及普通光源摄取表面粒子图像,与传统的激光 PIV设备相比,不仅经济而且使用方便,测量结果精确可靠,运用表面 PIV技术测量表面微弱流场的精度可达0.01 pixel。     

PIV测试技术及其应用

粒子图像测速(PIV)是一种基于流场图像互相关分析的二维流场非接触式测试技术,在流场测量中占有非常重要的地位.首先介绍了PIV技术的测试原理及应用特点,阐述了其在船舶拖曳水池、柴油喷雾、气固多相流动及离心泵内部流场领域的应用状况,同时指出了PIV技术的未来发展方向.     

空化器几何参数对通气超空泡生成影响的实验研究

为了探索通气超空泡的生成机理和获取形态可控有效减阻的超空泡,文章利用中速可持续通气空泡水洞进行了空化器和通气联合生成超空泡的实验研究.详细分析了通气超空泡的生成和发展过程;给出了空化器直径、空化器线形对通气系数门限值和通气超空泡形态的影响.研究表明,在相同条件下,较大直径空化器模型形成通气超空泡需要的通气系数门限值较低,相应的超空泡尺寸也较大;平头倒角形和圆盘形空化器比圆锥形的形成通气超空泡需要的通气系数门限值低,相同条件下前者形成的超空泡尺寸也较后者大;对于圆锥形空化器,锥角较小的不易形成通气超空泡.文中实验研究结果为水下航行体的空化器合理设计提供了重要的参考依据.     

FBM湍流模型在非定常通气超空化流动计算中的评价与应用

为了建立通气超空化流动计算的流动模型,应用二次开发技术将FBM湍流模型嵌入商业软件,分别采用FBM湍流模型以及商业软件中的标准k-ε湍流模型模拟了绕圆盘空化器的通气空化流场,并从空泡形态、流动结构和阻力特性等方面与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,标准k-ε湍流模型过高预测了流场的湍流粘性,预测的空泡形态和实验观测结果有较大的差距;采用滤波器湍流模型计算,可以明显地减小通气空泡尾端流场的湍流黏性,精确地捕捉通气空化区域空泡脱落的非定常细节,更加准确地描述通气空化的过程,与试验结果更加接近。     

通气超空泡研究中的几个问题

根据在水洞中所作的系列通气超空泡试验,以及国内外的大量相关文献,综述和探讨了通气超空泡实验研究中的几个主要问题.主要内容包括通气超空泡试验中的相似准则考虑;重力场对通气超空流的影响规律;通气超空泡的闭合和气体泄漏问题;通气超空泡的不稳定性机理.最后,对通气超空泡的试验研究方向进行了展望.     

水下航行体通气超空泡减阻特性实验研究

为了研究超空泡的减阻效果,保证在较低流速下生成超空泡,在水洞中开展了水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究.采用通气的方法在较低水速下生成人工通气超空泡,通过改变通气率和弗劳德数,获得了不同条件下通气空泡的长度,以及不同空泡长度下的模型阻力系数.研究表明,来流速度不变时,空泡长度随通气率的增加而增加,阻力系数随空泡长度的增加先递增后递减;空化器直径对阻力系数的影响较大,在大弗劳德数条件下,阻力系数会因空化器直径过大而出现随通气量的增加而变大的趋势.利用商用软件对超空泡形态及阻力系数作了数值仿真,并与实验结果作了对比,两者符合较好.     

水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究

为了研究超空泡的减阻效果,保证在较低流速下生成超空泡,在水洞中开展了水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究.采用通气的方法在较低水速下(V=7-15 m/s)生成人工通气超空泡,通过改变通气率和弗洛德数,获得了不同条件下通气空泡的长度,给出了通气空泡长度与通气率及弗洛德数的经验公式.研究表明,来流速度不变时,空泡长度随通气率的增加而增加,空泡长度一定时,通气率随弗洛德数的增加而减少;重力场造成了空泡形态的严重不对称,通过比较相同空化数下自然空泡与通气空泡的长度,定量地给出了弗洛德数对通气空泡长度的影响.当Fr=43.74时,重力场对通气空泡长度的影响几乎可以忽略.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。