城市交通低碳化发展策略研究

随着我国城市机动车保有量快速增长,污染物排放总量持续攀升,所带来的城市污染问题日趋严重,发展低碳交通成为我国城市交通发展的战略方向。本文基于我国城市交通低碳化发展现状及存在问题及影响因素,结合国外发达国家城市交通低碳化的发展经验,分析了城市交通低碳化发展的外因和内因及存在的主要问题,提出在我国能源结构短期内难以发生根本性改变的情况下,大力和优先发展公共交通,逐步建立以大运量轨道交通和快速交通为骨干、常规公共汽电车为主体、其他公共交通方式为补充的城市公共交通体系,将是实现城市交通低碳化和可持续发展最有效的途径。同时,还需不断提高交通能效,开发和利用可再生能源,提高交通运输管理水平,引导公众理性选择出行方式。     

试论发展公共交通的对策措施

<正> 大力优先发展公共交通是解决城市交通问题的最有效途径,这是世界上绝大多数国家政策及城市问题专家、学者的共识。我国政府也把优先发展公共交通作为城市交通发展的战略决策。但是,目前我国城市交通的现状和存在的问题,要公共交通适应城市经济和建设发展的需求还任重而道远。因此,必须采取切实的对策措施,加快公共交通发展的步伐。     

发展我国市郊铁路的对策建议

市郊铁路是快速城镇化背景下支撑大范围、大规模通勤出行的一种快速、大容量的轨道交通方式,对于城市交通的可持续发展以及促进区域交通一体化具有至关重要的作用。本文在总结我国市郊铁路发展现状的基础上,分析了市郊铁路发展所存在的主要问题及症结;介绍了东京、纽约、巴黎等世界大城市市郊铁路的发展概况,并提炼了这些城市在发展市郊铁路方面的成功经验;最后,针对我国的实际情况,从体制机制、建设管理、投融资等方面提出了市郊铁路的发展对策及建议。     

我国城市道路交通安全问题及对策

伴随着城市人口、机动车保有量以及出行距离的不断增加,城市交通出行总量迅速攀升,对城市交通安全、畅通、生活环境提出了更大的挑战和更高的要求。首先从城市交通复杂性、城市交通供需矛盾和城市交通问题频发三个方面分析了我国城市道路交通的特点。然后以城市交通安全为切入点,从城市交通事故、城市交通违法和事故成因分析了我国城市道路交通安全存在的问题。最后,从道路及设施、交通宣传、交通执法、绿色交通出行和交通环境五个层面提出相应的对策建议。     

城市道路交通布局及规划设计研究

现阶段我国城市发展中,城市交通问题已经是影响社会发展的重要关键点,我国各个城市中为了可以更好的缓解交通压力问题,均投入大量的资金与人力,来对城市道路的整体规划与布局等方面进行优化,同时形成了各种科学合理的流程与标准。稳定城市经济发展的重点便是科学合理的规划城市交通设计与布局,基于此,本文主要对城市交通布局与规划进行分析总结,探讨了城市交通道路合理规划与布局的对策,希望可以为我国城市交通道路建设提供可行性参考意见。     

新时期下我国公共交通发展现状及对策

大力发展城市公共交通是解决我国城市交通拥堵问题的有效手段,以我国公共交通发展作为研究对象,研究了新时期下公共交通发展的现状及对策。从我国城市公共交通存在问题入手,分析了我国公交在线网层次结构与布局、基础设施建设、优先体系发展、标准化体系、优先发展政策与保障措施等方面存在的问题,鉴于现状问题分析提出了五个方面公交的发展对策。     

规划先行:建设公交优先的现代化城市综合交通体系——中国科学院、中国工程院院士周干峙先生访谈录

改革开放以来,我国的城市规模和经济建设都有了飞速的发展,城市化进程逐步加快,城市人口急剧增加,城市交通面临着严峻的局势。当前,全国大中城市普遍存在着道路拥挤、车辆堵塞、交通秩序混乱的现象,城市交通问题已成为全社会关注的焦点。如何将城市交通规划更好地纳入城市整体规划之中?我国城市交通发展的目标和方向是什么?带着这些问题,本刊记者走访了中国科学院和中国工程院院士周干峙先生。城市交通模式:从城市规划和交通规划入手记者:随着经济社会的快速发展,我国城市化进程日益加快,城市交通拥堵也成为困扰政府和百姓的难题。您是如何…     

完善城市管理体制促进城市交通发展的对策

本文通过对我国城市及城市交通管理现状的分析,对现存的城市交通管理的问题进行了初步分析,并提出了促进其发展的建议。     

机动化背景下的我国城市交通发展策略

经济的飞速发展使得人们的交通需求层次不断提高，促进了我国汽车产业的长足进步，加快了城市交通机动化的进程。然而，由于我国城市交通需求膨胀过快，再加之城市布局、道路网结构固有的问题，使得城市交通问题越来越突出。这既在一定程度上影响了我国汽车产业稳定、快速、可持续地发展，又降低了城市交通的效率，进而限制了经济的进一步发展。因此，为了解决这一问题，就必须坚持以人为本的全面协调可持续的科学发展观，协调好人、车、路、     

我国城市发展体系分析及交通模式选择

本文对西方发达国家在不同城市发展阶段采取的解决城市交通问题的经验进行了总结。在此基础上,提出我国与西方的不同之处,并根据我国城市体系的具体发展情况对不同层级的城市交通应采取的模式进行分析。     

广西优先发展公共交通思路探析

文章从广西城市客运行业发展的现状出发,提出优先发展公共交通示范城市试点工程的工作思路,并在深入分析广西城市客运行业存在问题的基础上,提出了行业发展的初步设想.     

广西中心城市公共汽车客运行业芡展对策研究

文章结合广西中心城市公共汽车客运行业发展现状，分析了广西中心城市公共汽车客运行业发展存在的问题与成因，提出了相应的处治对策，为城市公共汽车客运行业管理提供参考。     

An assessment of the demand for new transport technology in Australia

This paper summarizes the constraints which a technological innovation in transport must satisfy if it is to achieve widespread application. The existing and likely future travel demands in Australia are reviewed, and for certain types of travel it is concluded that existing modes may become unsuitable or unacceptable. In these areas, it is possible that a new transport technology may find application. In all other areas, it is considered that existing modes, or their functional successors, will continue.

Five possible demand areas in which new transport technology may find application are identified. These are as follows:

1) High speed distribution systems may be introduced in Australian CBD's (Central Business Districts) within the next ten years. These may be progressively extended to provide radial public transport services to the CBD. It is also possible that these systems may eventually be extended to provide a dual‐mode capability in inner‐suburban areas as a partial alternative to freeway construction.

2) New town developments which may be introduced in Australia could include various forms of advanced transportation systems.

3) New aviation modes, possibly including short take off and landing aircraft operating from suburban airports may be introduced to cater for inter‐urban travel.

4) A demand‐responsive transport system to cater for the needs of the transport poor in urban areas may find limited application.

5) In the longer term, possibly by the turn of the century, an improved transport system capable of providing door‐to‐door service over the whole of an urban area and operating under a dual‐mode configuration appears to be possible. It probably would emerge from development of an incremental nature and eventually include the installation of a new technology in the then existing freeway and railway reservations in the city.     

The Impact of Urban Freight Transport: A Definition of Sustainability from an Actor's Perspective

Abstract

This paper presents a definition of sustainable urban freight transport (SUFT), based on the existing theories and concepts, and develops an indicator set that describes SUFT. The definition of SUFT makes a categorisation of actions possible which enables actors to select effective strategies towards SUFT. The indicator set consists of two levels: impact indicators – which describe how the urban freight transport violates the principles of sustainability; and performance indicators – which describe different categories determining the characteristics and performance of the urban transport system. A literature study analyses the characteristics determining the performance of actors in the urban freight transport chain. Knowing the current state and improvement potential of the urban freight transport system are prerequisites for defining successful strategies and implementing effective actions.     

Patchwork in an interconnected world: the challenges of transport networks in Sub-Saharan Africa*

Sub-Saharan Africa has recently undergone, or still do in many countries, a period of transport infrastructure expansion. Current policies are centred on the development of international links, which require large capital-intensive projects and are sometimes economically dubious. This paper reviews the past policies and transport functions since colonial times by placing them in their economic and political context. We find that present strategies have similarities to the ones prevailing in previous periods, where expansion phases dominated by transport-led economic growth theories were followed by a stagnation of Africa’s infrastructure development. In view of the challenges in translating findings from empirical research into right policies, we identify the potential of more balanced and sustainable strategic investments, notably by reinforcing the existing secondary transport networks converging into urban centres.     

Physical characteristics of paratransit in developing countries of Asia

Paratransit modes play a significant role in the urban transport sectors of developing countries since in many cities more than half of the total public transport demand are carried by them. Rapid increase in urban population, per capita income, along with inadequate existing transport infrastructures have stimulated their usage as cheap and convenient public transport modes. This paper examines their present role and physical characteristics in a comparative form to provide a basic data for discussion of urban transport issues in developing cities.     

Planning the driverless city

ABSTRACT

AV technologies have the potential to transform urban landscapes and existing transport systems and networks. Yet, the utopian imaginary of reduced automobile ownership and a new shared economic future sits in tension with suggestions that car dependency, urban sprawl and transport inaccessibility will be exacerbated. The issues are situated in a complex governance landscape involving an influential private sector who are increasingly setting the agenda. The public sector may be forced into reacting to the new innovations by information technology and automobile companies as they are introduced into existing built environments. Drawing on an extensive literature base and interviews with public sector planners, this paper reveals the conceptual gaps in the framing of AV technology – the prospects and limits – and how these are conceived. The paper raises questions about the role urban planning can play in the rollout of AVs in order to anticipate and mediate unwanted built environment and socio-spatial impacts, as well as reconciling the ambition of transport innovation with the public purpose of planning.     

Cooperative traffic control of a mixed network with two urban regions and a freeway

Currently most optimization methods for urban transport networks (i) are suited for networks with simplified dynamics that are far from real-sized networks or (ii) apply decentralized control, which is not appropriate for heterogeneously loaded networks or (iii) investigate good-quality solutions through micro-simulation models and scenario analysis, which make the problem intractable in real time. In principle, traffic management decisions for different sub-systems of a transport network (urban, freeway) are controlled by operational rules that are network specific and independent from one traffic authority to another. In this paper, the macroscopic traffic modeling and control of a large-scale mixed transportation network consisting of a freeway and an urban network is tackled. The urban network is partitioned into two regions, each one with a well-defined Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD), i.e. a unimodal and low-scatter relationship between region density and outflow. The freeway is regarded as one alternative commuting route which has one on-ramp and one off-ramp within each urban region. The urban and freeway flow dynamics are formulated with the tool of MFD and asymmetric cell transmission model, respectively. Perimeter controllers on the border of the urban regions operating to manipulate the perimeter interflow between the two regions, and controllers at the on-ramps for ramp metering are considered to control the flow distribution in the mixed network. The optimal traffic control problem is solved by a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach in order to minimize total delay in the entire network. Several control policies with different levels of urban-freeway control coordination are introduced and tested to scrutinize the characteristics of the proposed controllers. Numerical results demonstrate how different levels of coordination improve the performance once compared with independent control for freeway and urban network. The approach presented in this paper can be extended to implement efficient real-world control strategies for large-scale mixed traffic networks.     

广西城乡公交一体化发展问题及对策研究

文章结合广西各地推进城乡公交一体化发展的现状,分析了城乡公交一体化进程中存在的问题及其成因,并提出了相应的发展对策,为各地推进城乡公交一体化发展提供参考。     

Research on a Calculation Method for the Damage Evaluation of the Existing Urban Tunnel Lining Structure北大核心CSCD

The operation safety of the public transport is seriously threaten by the occurrence of defects and damages in existing urban tunnels, which affects the quality of traffic, and will shorten the service life of urban tunnels. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the damages of the tunnel lining structure quickly and accurately. The damage evaluation methods of the existing urban tunnel lining structure are investigated and analyzed in this paper, and a combination method of the macroscopic evaluation of the existing damaged urban tunnel and the damage mechanism of the lining structural material is proposed. Among them, the assessment method specified in the national criterion is selected to evaluate the damages of the lining structure for the macroscopic evaluation, and the classification of tunnel health levels is optimized. Meanwhile, the damage modulus based on the elastic modulus is selected, and the concept of elastic modulus reduction rate is introduced for the mechanism of damage. Furthermore, the assumed function relationship between the health level and the damage degree of existing urban tunnels is proposed and established, which provides a new idea for structural damage assessment of existing urban tunnels. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.