On the global ship hull bending energy in ship collisions

During ship collisions part of the kinetic energy of the involved vessels immediately prior to contact is absorbed as energy dissipated by crushing of the hull structures, by friction and by elastic energy. The purpose of this report is to present an estimate of the elastic energy that can be stored in elastic hull vibrations during a ship collision.When a ship side is strengthened in order to improve the crashworthiness it has been argued in the scientific literature that a non-trivial part of the energy released for structural deformation during the collision can be absorbed as elastic energy in global ship hull vibrations, such that with strong ship sides less energy has to be spent in crushing of the striking ship bow and/or the struck ship side.In normal ship–ship collision analyses both the striking and struck ship are usually considered as rigid bodies where structural crushing is confined to the impact location and where local and global bending vibration modes are neglected. That is, the structural deformation problem is considered quasi-static. In this paper a simple uniform free–free beam model is presented for estimating the energy transported into the global bending vibrations of the struck ship hull during ship–ship collisions. The striking ship is still considered as a rigid body. The local interaction between the two ships is modeled by a linear load–deflection relation.The analysis results for a simplified model of a struck coaster and of a large tanker show that the elastic energy absorbed by the struck ship normally is small and varies from 1 to 6% of the energy released for crushing. The energy stored as elastic global hull girder vibrations depends on the ship mass, the local stiffness of the side structure, and of the position of contact. The results also show that in case of highly strengthened ship sides the maximum global bending strains during collisions can lead to hull failure.     

考虑船舶影响的升船机结构动力特性

运用ANSYS有限元软件建立了包含塔柱、承船厢、水体、船舶、提升系统等构件的大型垂直升船机整体模型,计算分析了升船机结构的动力特性。计算结果表明:横荡、扭转、纵荡是承船厢结构低阶主要振型。厢内有船会降低承船厢系统的自振频率,其有船与无船工况下横荡自振频率分别为0. 130 9 Hz和0. 280 5 Hz;升船机整体结构低阶特征振型主要包括整体系统的横向摆动、绕竖向的扭转、纵向摆动。承船厢内有无船舶计算得到的同种振型下升船机整体结构的自振频率相差很小,表明船舶对升船机整体结构自振特性的影响不大;承船厢位置的升高会使得升船机整体结构的自振频率降低;承船厢位置的变化对升船机低阶振型影响较大,对高阶振型的影响较小。     

打桩船植桩工艺特性及动力系统最佳配置研究

以中交二航局筹建的110 m打桩船为依托,通过实船调研分析,制定出110 m打桩船植桩周期内时序负载特性,并结合植桩周期内各工序的使用功率、所配备柴油机的冗余度及其耗油量,对动力系统的最佳配置进行研究。结果表明:110 m打桩船植桩工艺特性体现了植桩周期内各主要工况的负载力、速度及功率分布;以此为依据所确定的采用3台柴油机的配置型式具有可靠性高、功率利用合理及耗油量相对较低等特点;可为110 m打桩船的设计及全面提升我国打桩船液压系统的节能水平提供参考依据。     

ReWorks嵌入式操作系统在船舶PMS上的应用

随着计算机技术的迅猛发展和船舶自动化水平的不断提高,对船舶PMS的实时性、可靠性要求也越来越高.论文介绍了船舶PMS研究现状和嵌入式操作系统的特点,构建了一种基于ReWorks嵌入式操作系统的船舶PMS,这样的系统更为安全、可靠,对于船舶自动化发展有着更为深远的意义.     

多目标遗传算法在水面船舶快速性优化设计中的应用

在船舶设计中,船、机、桨的匹配问题一直是设计人员最关注的问题之一.快速性良好的船舶应使得船、主机和螺旋桨之间的性能综合匹配.通过采用改进的非支配解排序的多目标遗传算法,讨论了船舶概念设计阶段快速性优化问题.以推进系统综合效率和排水量为优化目标,考虑了混合变量的多目标优化问题.文中给出了载重量为35000t油船的快速性优化设计例子.结果表明,多目标遗传算法能够快捷搜索到全局最优解.     

船舶碰撞机理与耐撞性结构设计研究综述

研究船舶碰撞和触底事故的机理,以及如何提高船舶结构耐撞性是船舶碰撞研究领域的热点.文章介绍了解析法、数值仿真技术和风险分析法的发展与应用特点,阐述了近些年来船舶碰撞、船舶触底、缓冲船首设计、船桥碰撞和船舶与海洋平台碰撞等领域的研究成果,列举了一些降低船舶碰撞和触底事故风险的新型结构设计,并对今后的研究方向提出了若干建议.     

双桨船采用三因次换算法研究

以一条小方形系数常规双桨船、一条大方形系数常规双桨船和一条大方形系数双尾鳍船的试验计算为例,对双桨船采用三因次换算法进行了研究.研究表明:对常规双桨船,三因次换算法的形状因子k应采用裸船体阻力试验计算值;对双尾鳍船,三因次换算法得出的有效功率偏低,一般不宜采用.     

船舶振动主动控制的研究进展与评述

从船舶振动危害、现象与振源、阻尼技术及其在船舶上的应用、船舶振动隔离技术、动力吸振器的研究以及整船振动控制技术的研究诸方面综述了船舶振动控制技术的进展,重点关注了近几年来主动控制技术在船舶振动控制中的应用研究,并对今后船舶振动控制研究的发展提出了建议。     

浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能数值研究

文章通过应用CFD方法数值模拟在浅水条件下通过船闸的船舶粘性绕流,对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能进行了数值预报研究。通过UDF编程定义船舶的运动,使用动网格方法和滑移交界面技术进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,计算作用在船体上的水动力,并由计算得到的水动力求得船体下沉和纵倾。为了验证所采用的数值方法,以一艘通过比利时泽布吕赫Pierre Vandamme船闸的船舶为例,在模型尺度下进行了计算,并将计算结果和佛兰德水利研究所的模型试验基准数据进行了比较。通过分析不同船速、偏心距和水深条件下的数值结果,给出了这些因素对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能的影响。该文研究结果可为浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的安全操纵和控制提供一定的指导。     

Estimation of the wave direction of ship waves generated by a small vessel using the multiple signal classification method

It is very important to estimate the waves generated by a small vessel so as to investigate their effects on floating bodies within the scope of fisheries and ocean engineering. Simplified methods for estimating the wave heights and periods of ship waves have been presented in previous studies. However, estimating the direction of ship waves is not easy. The focus of the present study is to develop an analytical technique to determine the direction of ship waves based on the measurements in field experiments. The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method is newly proposed for determining the direction of ship waves. For high ship speeds, the directional spectrum of ship waves estimated by MUSIC resulted in a sharp monotone peak, and the estimated directions of ship waves were very similar to the results of field experiments using an actual small vessel. The proposed MUSIC method has thus been confirmed to be effective in estimating ship wave directions with high resolution.     

基于进化超图的虚拟舰船信息描述原理研究

虚拟舰船的实现将大大提高舰船研制的效率,研制中的虚拟样舰的数据信息、行为信息和过程信息具有层次性和可分型的特点.进化超图理论将虚拟舰船信息进行形式化的描述,来表现处于研制过程不同阶段的虚拟样舰的信息.虚拟舰船模型中进化超图理论的实践,对实现舰船并行研制中各任务的知识处理、协同和集成具有重要意义.     

内河敞口集装箱船航行至洋山港适航技术要求解析

为了提升洋山港集装箱集散速度,提出了将现有内河集装箱船适当改建后投入长江至洋山港特定航线的方案。叙述内河敞口集装箱船营运洋山港区特定航线必须满足的适航技术要求,船公司应注意并必须采取的技术措施以保证船舶的安全性。     

Study of the ship design process model for collaborative design

The ship design process model is the basis for developing the ship collaborative design system under network environment. According to the characteristics of the ship design, a method for dividing the ship design process into three layers is pat forward, that is project layer, design task layer and design activity layer, then the formalized definitions of the ship design process model, the decomposing principles of the ship design process and the architecture of the ship collaborative design （SDPM） system are presented. This method simplifies the activity network, makes the optimization and adjustment of the design plan convenient and also makes the design process easier to control and change, at last the architecture of the ship collaborative design system is discussed.     

川江及三峡库区运输船舶标准船型主尺度系列制定

本文阐述了川江及三峡库区运输船舶标准船型主尺度系列制定的原则和方法,分别对川江及三峡库区干散货船、化学品船、油船、驳船(队)、集装箱船、汽车滚装船和客船的主尺度系列作了说明。     

船体结构对水下冲击波动态响应的数值研究

船舶的水下爆炸响应是一个重要而复杂的问题,对船舶抗爆能力的提高有着重要的意义.本文使用商业有限元程序ABAQUS对某船体在水下爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应进行了数值模拟.该问题解决中包括流固耦合问题,边界条件的处理.详细给出了某船舶在水下爆炸的响应结果,揭示了船体的加速度响应、船体的应力响应、船体的速度响应3个方面的响应规律.通过和相关试验数据进行比较,表明数值结果与试验结果两者吻合良好.最后考察并给出了各层甲板在关键肋位上的点的应力和速度响应峰值.所得到船舶在水下爆炸下的响应规律,为船舶设计提供有力的依据.     

A numerical investigation of the squat and resistance of ships advancing through a canal using CFD

As a ship approaches shallow water, a number of changes arise owing to the hydrodynamic interaction between the bottom of the ship’s hull and the seafloor. The flow velocity between the bottom of the hull and the seafloor increases, which leads to an increase in sinkage, trim and resistance. As the ship travels forward, squat of the ship may occur, stemming from this increase in sinkage and trim. Knowledge of a ship’s squat is necessary when navigating vessels through shallow water regions, such as rivers, channels and harbours. Accurate prediction of a ship’s squat is therefore essential, to minimize the risk of grounding for ships. Similarly, predicting a ship’s resistance in shallow water is equally important, to be able to calculate its power requirements. The key objective of this study was to perform fully nonlinear unsteady RANS simulations to predict the squat and resistance of a model-scale Duisburg Test Case container ship advancing in a canal. The analyses were carried out in different ship drafts at various speeds, utilizing a commercial CFD software package. The squat results obtained by CFD were then compared with available experimental data.     

基于实用LCA的绿色江海直达船型环境负荷分析与方案比选

提出应用于船舶的实用化LCA方法,构建环境评价指数CE,通过不确定性分析计算500 TEU江海直达集装箱船及其改进方案的环境影响。计算结果表明:原船型方案在船舶营运阶段产生的环境影响最大,采用LNG双燃料发动机和超规范干舷设计的船型方案能显著提高该船型的环保性。     

从坞容率的变化，分析中国修船能力预期和对策

文章根据国内修船坞容量的不完全统计数据，从船舶修理坞容率变化的观点，分析了中国修船能力的预期和建议及采取的对策，同时还介绍了新加坡的船舶修理和改装的情况，可供同行参考。     

验船业务量与人员配备量对应关系的研究

文中通过对现有船舶检验业务量与现有验船人员配备量的调研及对对应配备关系进行课题研究,探讨了在执行船检法律、法规、规定的前提下船舶法定检验业务量与验船人员配备量的组合关系,为各船舶检验机构合理配置人员提供一定的依据。     

景洪升船机500吨级船舶实船试验船厢水面波动特性研究

升船机承船厢对接过程是升船机运行全过程中重要的一环,对接过程中船厢内的水面波动直接影响厢内船舶的安全停靠和水力式升船机同步轴工作条件。针对这一过程中厢内水面波动变化特性对升船机安全运行的影响,进行了在不同对接水位差启闭卧倒门和在不同航速进出船厢的500吨级船舶实船试验。重点探讨了对接水位差、船舶进出船厢航速对厢内水面波动特征值的影响,给出了船厢内波动振幅与水深和水位差的经验公式,分析其对船厢和船舶航行安全的影响。实船试验成果验证了景洪升船机500吨级船舶通航安全性。