船用柴油机故障在线智能仿真诊断技术的应用研究

本文提出了一种船用柴油机性能故障在线自动诊断的新方法,把仿真以及神经网络技术直接应用于柴油机故障在线诊断系统,建立船用柴油机症状与故障样本集,作为神经网络故障诊断的专家知识库,以和柴油机故障在线诊断。尤其是对网络容错能力进行评估分析,并确定较有代表性的径向基函数ＲＢＦ网络分布常数Ｓｃ,从而提高故障诊断的及时性和准确率,减少误诊。     

气体-固体粒子两相流理论及其应用

本文运用气体─固体粒子两相流理论，将流动视为气体和固体粒子伪流体的混合物的流动，对内破裂现象进行了理论研究，并给出了基于实验结果和考虑相容百分数的影响的固体粒子阻力系数公式。运用有限控制体积法进行了数值模拟计算，结果可信。这项研究还为多相流的传输、泥沙沉积现象等研究提供了理论和计算基础。     

柴油机曲轴断裂原因新析

针对柴油机曲轴断裂的原因,提出了一种新见解--"油楔力"的作用是加速曲轴断裂的一个主要原因.指出"初始裂纹"是曲轴断裂的危险信号;交替变形产生的交变负荷是"油楔力"能量的来源;"油楔力"的作用使裂纹加速扩展,从而导致曲轴载荷截面尺寸不足而发生突然折断,使曲轴断裂发生在材料疲劳破坏之前.消除初始裂纹是曲轴安全运转的保证.     

Comparison of the crashworthiness of various bottom and side structures

The purpose of this work is to compare the resistance with damage of various types of double bottom structures in a stranding event. The comparative analyses are made by use of a commercial, explicit finite element program. The ship bottom is loaded with a conical indenter with a rounded tip, which is forced laterally into the structures in different positions. The aim is to compare resistance forces, energy absorption and penetration with fracture for four different structures. Those four structures are: a conventional double bottom, a structure (presently protected through a patent) with hat-profiles stiffened bottom plating, a structure where all-steel sandwich panel is used as outer shell and a bottom structure stiffened exclusively with hat-profiles. The paper shows that it is indeed possible to elevate the crashworthiness of side and bottom structures with regards to the loading considered here without increasing the structural weight.     

超大型浮体柔性连接器动响应研究

为了降低VLFS(超大型浮体)模块连接的巨大载荷,通常选择柔性连接器.本文以某横向浮筒式的浅吃水超大型浮体为研究对象,采用RMFC模型(刚性模块柔性连接器)分析连接器载荷和模块运动响应,并与三模块模型试验进行比较验证.通过较高和较低横向刚度的系列纵向和垂向刚度组合的连接器载荷计算,给出连接器载荷随刚度变化的关系,分析连接器载荷峰值出现的原因.针对连接器载荷峰值对应的刚度组合,计算模块运动响应,分析模块相对运动模式.研究结果表明,对于较高和较低的横向刚度,均存在一定的纵向和垂向刚度组合,导致连接器载荷出现较大的峰值;连接器载荷峰值对应浪向角85°左右的海况,模块相对运动主要表现为艏摇.     

基于MATLAB的舰船辐射噪声信号小波消噪处理

针对舰船辐射噪声信号的特点提出了小波消噪的方法,对小波消噪理论作了简要的阐述,并设计了一种消噪方案,最后利用MATLAB,在计算机上选用不同的小波基和阈值进行了实船信号的消噪处理试验,并对结果进行了简单的分析比较。试验结果表明,在选择了合适的小波基和阈值的情况下,利用小波变换的方法对舰船辐射噪声进行消噪处理可以取得良好的效果。     

弹性平板和覆在弹性平板上柔性层的流致振动

平板是舰船壳体的主要体现形式，平行于平板的水流诱发的流致振动被认为是流动噪声的起因之一，并因此提出了船用平板上覆以柔性层以降噪的问题。本文先以典型的两种来流速度情况用能量判明裸弹性平板流致振动的收敛性，在此基础上分析了覆在弹性平板上柔性层面临的流致振动问题。     

Understanding ship-grounding events

The paper presents a simple procedure to estimate the damage to a ship bottom and the associated seabed topology that results from a dynamic grounding event. The seabed is modeled as a rigid body and parameterized by a quadratic surface, i.e., a paraboloid, which can in principle model a wide range of seabed topologies. A nonlinear finite element program (LS-DYNA) is used to simulate the contact force versus the lateral penetration, from which the horizontal force component of powered grounding is estimated. The simplified procedure for analyzing dynamic and static grounding events is outlined. Simulations are performed for different ship speeds and for different initial levels of obstruction over the keel. It is shown that a static approach may replace the dynamic grounding simulation, thereby considerably reducing the computational work. The static approach allows for the quick estimation of the energy absorption during powered grounding, which is imperative for decision making during critical situations. The ultimate goal of the study is to provide a near real-time prediction of the risk of rupture of the cargo tanks and hull girder failure. Moreover, the residual strength of damaged ships is an important issue that is related to operations involved in the salvage of wrecked vessels, such as re-floatation and towing.     

波斯湾中受随机波作用的某新建离岸导管架平台时域动力分析研究（英文）

API RP2 A WSD is a design code in practice for design of jacket platforms in the Persian Gulf but is based on the Gulf of Mexico environmental condition. So for the sake of using this code for the Persian Gulf, it is better to perform a calibration based on this specific region. Analysis and design of jacket platforms based on API code are performed in a static manner and dynamic analysis is not recommended for such structures. Regarding the fact that the real behavior of the offshore jacket platforms is a dynamic behavior, so in this research, dynamic analysis for an offshore jacket platform in the Persian Gulf under extreme environmental condition is performed using random time domain method. Therefore, a new constructed offshore jacket platform in the Persian Gulf is selected and analyzed. Fifteen, 1-h storm, simulations for the water surface elevation is produced to capture the statistical properties of extreme sea condition. Time series of base shear and overturning moment are derived from both dynamic and static responses. By calculating the maximum dynamic amplification factor(DAF) from each simulation and fitting the collected data to Weibull distribution, the most probable maximum extreme(MPME) value for the DAF is achieved. Results show that a realistic value for DAF for this specific platform is 1.06, which is a notable value and is recommended to take into practice in design of fixed jacket platform in the Persian Gulf.     

Two-dimensional numerical simulation and experiment on strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions

A constrained interpolation profile (CIP)-based Cartesian grid method for strongly nonlinear wave–body interaction problems is presented and validated by a newly designed experiment, which is performed in a two-dimensional wave channel. In the experiment, a floating body that has a rectangular section shape is used. A superstructure is installed on the deck and a small floating-body freeboard is adopted in order to easily obtain water-on-deck phenomena. A forced oscillation test in heave and a wave–body interaction test are carried out. The numerical simulation is performed by the CIP-based Cartesian grid method, which is described in this paper. The CIP scheme is applied in the Cartesian grid-based flow solver. New improvements of the method include an interface-capturing method that applies the tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) scheme and a virtual particle method for the floating body. The efficiency of the THINC scheme is shown by a dam-breaking computation. Numerical simulations on the experimental problem for both the forced oscillation test and the wave–body interaction test are carried out, and the results are compared to the measurements. All of the comparisons are reasonably good. It is shown, based on the numerical examples, that the present CIP-based Cartesian grid method is an accurate and efficient method for predicting strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions.     

双馈电机的转差角的检测方法

在双馈调速系统中,采用矢量控制时需要准确地检测到电机的转差角,这里采用增量式旋转脉冲编码器,设计了一种双馈电机转差角的检测方法,以所检测到的转差角进行矢量运算,可以获得对转矩和功率因数分别控制的优良调速性能。     

Numerical analysis on free surface waves and stern viscous flow of a ship model

This paper deals with numerical techniques for computing the viscous flow past a ship hull with and without a free surface using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver with global conservation. In the first technique, a coarse grid is used to find an approximate solution to the free surface problem. Interpolation of a fine grid is subsequently carried out, and a more exact solution, particularly in the boundary layer and wake, is obtained. In the second technique, a modified Baldwin-Lomax model is introduced to compute the viscous flow with and without a free surface. These numerical techniques are applied to simulations of the flow around a Series 60 and an SR196C ship model. The results are compared with measurement data, and the usefulness of the numerical techniques is demonstrated.     

The use of hydrogen as a fuel for inland waterway units

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

使用氢气作为内陆水路燃料调查研究(英文)

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

水筒中直线涡运动的理论探讨

本文讨论了正方形截面水筒中直线涡的运动。当涡线不位于水筒的轴中心线上时,数值计算指出,它在水筒横截面上的运动轨迹为近似螺旋线。若直线涡位于水简轴中心线附近,则轨迹为一个近似圆。本文详细讨论了水筒轴中心线的直线涡的运动稳定性,其结论是在除零波数外的任意波数扰动下,该涡线总能保持在轴中心线上,运动是稳定的。零波数扰动情况与不在水筒轴中心线上的直线涡运动情况一样,将逐渐偏离水筒轴中心线。     

存在饱和输入的欠驱动船舶航迹跟踪控制

针对控制输入存在饱和限制的欠驱动船舶的航迹跟踪问题,提出鲁棒饱和控制方法。以船舶纵向速度和艏向角速度为虚拟输入,设计饱和运动学控制器,并引入二阶滤波器形式对控制器进行简化;利用反步法并引入Nussbaum型函数,设计饱和动力学控制器,以实现对任意光滑航迹的跟踪控制,并保证跟踪误差收敛至零点附近的一个有界区域内。仿真算例验证了设计方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

船用螺旋桨负载动态实验仿真装置研究

介绍了动态仿真船用螺旋桨负载的总体方案并给出了一种仿真装置。该装置能仿真螺旋桨在各种工况下的静、动态特性，为推进电机提供逼真的轴负载。装置的主体为转矩随动系统，其反馈转矩的测量采用了转矩传感器，文章以某深潜救生艇的螺旋桨负载为研究对象，建立了系统的数学模型，设计了转矩随动系统，利用设计的装置进行了综合仿真，仿真结果与负载实际响应接近。     

Diffraction of oblique water waves by small uneven channel-bed in a two-layer fluid

Obliquely incident water wave scattering by an uneven channel-bed in the form of a small bottom undulation in a two-layer fluid is investigated within the frame work of three-dimensional linear water wave theory. The upper fluid is assumed to be bounded above by a rigid lid, while the lower one is bounded below by a bottom surface having a small deformation and the channel is unbounded in the horizontal directions. Assuming irrotational motion, perturbation technique is employed to calculate the first-order corrections to the velocity potentials in the two fluids by using Fourier transform approximately, and also to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function representing the bottom deformation. Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples shows that the reflection coefficient is an oscillatory function of the ratio of twice the component of the wave number along x-axis and the ripple wave number. When this ratio approaches one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and interface, and the reflection coefficient becomes a multiple of the number of ripples. High reflection of incident wave energy occurs if this number is large.     

带漂角和输入饱和的水面船舶航向控制

[目的]为处理水面船舶航向控制过程中受到的非零漂角和输入饱和影响,提出一种基于反步法的航向控制方法。[方法]首先,利用相对速度求出实际漂角,再通过漂角对航向角误差进行修正;然后,采用一种预滤波方法减小航向改变时对航速变化的影响,同时引入双曲正切函数和Nussbaum函数逼近输入约束,结合自适应律对逼近误差和艏摇方向上的扰动进行估计;最后,借助指令滤波器简化反推过程,并通过Lyapunov理论证明控制系统的稳定性。[结果]仿真结果表明,所提控制器有效减小了水面船舶的航向输出误差,且能始终保持较小的控制输入力矩。[结论]研究成果可为水面船舶航向控制设计提供参考。