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走滑断层错动容易使穿越活动断裂带的隧道结构遭受严重的破坏。以某铁路隧道穿越某断裂带为工程背景,采用有限差分数值模拟手段,通过分析不同走滑断层错动量下隧道结构的位移、应力和应变,对隧道结构的安全性进行评判。研究表明:走滑断层错动时,除纵向位移外,随着错动量的增加,隧道结构位移越大,且走滑断层错动对在断层区和上盘区域的隧道结构影响最大;在走滑断层错动量>0.6 m后,隧道结构应力受错动量的影响较小,且隧道结构开始破坏,随着错动量增加,破坏范围增大。 相似文献
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乌鞘岭隧道辅助坑道的设置 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
乌鞘岭隧道为目前已贯通的我国最长的铁路隧道,长20.05 km,因其地质条件复杂、工期极其紧张,在方案设计时设置了多座辅助坑道,工程规模巨大,引起了国内外地下工程界的瞩目。文章介绍了越岭隧道的长斜井、深竖井、平导、横洞的设计和施工情况。 相似文献
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从数字看中国铁路隧道的建设 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
根据收集到的有关中国铁路隧道建设比较全面、可靠的统计资料,按年代和铁路线归纳整理列出的,并用数字来阐述截至2005年末中国铁路隧道建设的基本情况与发展历程；同时对隧道命名与隧道长度计算的统一等问题提出建议。 相似文献
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本文基于旅客出行时间特征,将跨线列车划分为日间动车组、跨夜动车组、日间普通旅客列车、跨夜普通旅客列车等四类。结合跨线列车的定义,推导出跨线列车的适应性条件,确定其影响因素为线上运行时间、线下运行时间、全程旅行时间。跨线列车的适应性条件可以确定跨线列车的种类、初始跨线时间域。结合跨线列车的始发终到时间域、跨线时间域,推导出跨线列车的合理始发终到时间范围、合理跨线时间范围的计算方法,并实例求解了川藏铁路跨线列车的合理跨线时间范围,验证了跨线列车的适应性判别条件、合理始发终到时间范围、合理跨线时间范围求解方法的可行性与正确性。研究结论可以为川藏铁路列车运行图的铺画、分时段客货共线的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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This paper validates the prediction model embedded in a model predictive controller (MPC) of variable speed limits (VSLs). The MPC controller was designed based on an extended discrete first-order model with a triangular fundamental diagram. In our previous work, the extended discrete first-order model was designed to reproduce the capacity drop and the propagation of jam waves, and it was validated with reasonable accuracy without the presence of VSLs. As VSLs influence traffic dynamics, the dynamics including VSLs needs to be validated, before it can be applied as a prediction model in MPC. For conceptual illustrations, we use two synthetic examples to show how the model reproduces the key mechanisms of VSLs that are applied by existing VSL control approaches. Furthermore, the model is calibrated by use of real traffic data from Dutch freeway A12, where the field test of a speed limit control algorithm (SPECIALIST) was conducted. In the calibration, the original model is extended by using a quadrangular fundamental diagram which keeps the linear feature of the model and represents traffic states at the under-critical branch more accurately. The resulting model is validated using various traffic data sets. The accuracy of the model is compared with a second-order traffic flow model. The performance of two models is comparable: both models reproduce accurate results matching with real data. Flow errors of the calibration and validation are around 10%. The extended discrete first-order model-based MPC controller has been demonstrated to resolve freeway jam waves efficiently by synthetic cases. It has a higher computation speed comparing to the second-order model-based MPC. 相似文献
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Although car-following behavior is the core component of microscopic traffic simulation, intelligent transportation systems, and advanced driver assistance systems, the adequacy of the existing car-following models for Chinese drivers has not been investigated with real-world data yet. To address this gap, five representative car-following models were calibrated and evaluated for Shanghai drivers, using 2100 urban-expressway car-following periods extracted from the 161,055 km of driving data collected in the Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study (SH-NDS). The models were calibrated for each of the 42 subject drivers, and their capabilities of predicting the drivers’ car-following behavior were evaluated.The results show that the intelligent driver model (IDM) has good transferability to model traffic situations not presented in calibration, and it performs best among the evaluated models. Compared to the Wiedemann 99 model used by VISSIM®, the IDM is easier to calibrate and demonstrates a better and more stable performance. These advantages justify its suitability for microscopic traffic simulation tools in Shanghai and likely in other regions of China. Additionally, considerable behavioral differences among different drivers were found, which demonstrates a need for archetypes of a variety of drivers to build a traffic mix in simulation. By comparing calibrated and observed values of the IDM parameters, this study found that (1) interpretable calibrated model parameters are linked with corresponding observable parameters in real world, but they are not necessarily numerically equivalent; and (2) parameters that can be measured in reality also need to be calibrated if better trajectory reproducing capability are to be achieved. 相似文献
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随着铁路跨越式发展需要,大量高等级的铁路即将投入建设,由于受到设计时速和地形的限制,大量的铁路地下工程需要穿越原来被认定为"施工禁区"的地段,建设者将面临更多的施工难题.宜万铁路齐岳山隧道F11断层横穿隧道长度253 m,规模极其宏大,断层带由构造角砾岩、碎裂岩和断层泥组成,胶结松散、岩体破碎,稳定性极差.现场超前深孔钻探实测单孔最大涌水量为1 800 m3/h,最大水压力2.6 MPa,高压富水的存在使断层施工难度更大.针对F11高压富水断层,将注浆法与冷冻法在安全可靠性、工法适应性、计划工期和经济性四个方面进行了比选,最终决定采取注浆法.通过现场试验与实施,顺利地完成了F11高压富水断层的注浆堵水加固,保证了隧道的安全施工. 相似文献
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Railway big data technologies are transforming the existing track inspection and maintenance policy deployed for railroads in North America. This paper develops a data-driven condition-based policy for the inspection and maintenance of track geometry. Both preventive maintenance and spot corrective maintenance are taken into account in the investigation of a 33-month inspection dataset that contains a variety of geometry measurements for every foot of track. First, this study separates the data based on the time interval of the inspection run, calculates the aggregate track quality index (TQI) for each track section, and predicts the track spot geo-defect occurrence probability using random forests. Then, a Markov chain is built to model aggregated track deterioration, and the spot geo-defects are modeled by a Bernoulli process. Finally, a Markov decision process (MDP) is developed for track maintenance decision making, and it is optimized by using a value iteration algorithm. Compared with the existing maintenance policy using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation, the maintenance policy developed in this paper results in an approximately 10% savings in the total maintenance costs for every 1 mile of track. 相似文献
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在一带一路战略背景下,铁路物流中心的公铁联运业务至关重要。公铁联运业务各主体的协同存在易变性,资源双方是否信任会影响各自的策略选择。本文以铁路运输企业为主导,铁路运输企业接到客户公铁联运订单时会借助平台发布公路运输需求信息,公路运输企业根据自身情况向铁路运输企业表达意愿,最后铁路运输企业根据其采取的策略找到自身是否接受合作的均衡条件。本文通过对公、铁运输企业的短期博弈分析,找到双方合作的均衡条件,为双方利益分配奠定基础。 相似文献
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在铁路行业高度垄断,铁路运营普遍效益欠佳和地方政府财力有限的现实环境下,特别是国铁集团近年来大力推行“一省一公司”合资铁路重组整合的改革,对省级铁路平台的发展带来了新的巨大的问题挑战,本文结合当前在全国大力推行的合资铁路重组改革的背景,分析了省级铁路平台在改革中将面临的重大问题,包括既有投融资能力难以支撑大规模规划项目建设、已建铁路运营大规模亏损、铁路行业建设运营高度垄断严重以及铁路土地综合开发进展迟缓等一系列问题,并针对以上问题提出相关的对策建议。 相似文献
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站在运输服务设计的角度,以增强旅客换乘出行体验为目的,提出“人、行李分离”的换乘服务理念,并基于该服务理念设计铁路客运枢纽内同站和异站换乘的方案。异站换乘方案设计时,提出铁路专用车的概念,打造一种全新的换乘模式,满足旅客换乘出行的多元化需求,吸引旅客主动换乘。最后,从心理和生理舒适性两个角度对换乘服务理念进行评价,结果表明“人、行李分离”服务创造了旅客换乘出行附加价值,提高了旅客的换乘出行体验感。 相似文献
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This study validates a recently developed agent-based pedestrian micro-simulation model in a crowded walking environment. The model is applied to simulate pedestrian movements at a major street in the downtown Vancouver area. The street was closed for traffic to allow people attending a social event to leave the area safely. The calibration of model parameters is conducted using a Genetic Algorithm that minimizes the error between simulated and actual trajectories, acquired by means of computer vision. Validation results confirm the accuracy of the simulated trajectories, as the average error between the actual and simulated trajectories is found to be 0.28?m, and the average error in walking speed is just 0.06 m/s. Furthermore, results show that the model is capable of reproducing the actual behavior of pedestrians during different interactions with high accuracy (more than 94% for most interactions). 相似文献
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Railway transportation is becoming increasingly important in many parts of the world for mass transport of passengers and freight. This study was prompted by the industry’s need to systemically estimate greenhouse gas emissions from railway construction and maintenance activities. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on plain-line railway maintenance and renewal projects. The objective of this study was to reduce the uncertainties and assumptions of previous studies based on ballasted track maintenance and renewal projects. A field-based data collection was carried out on plain-line ballasted track renewals. The results reveal that the emissions from the materials contribute more than nine times the CO2-e emissions than the machines used in the renewal projects. The results show that extending the lifespan of rail infrastructure assets through maintenance is beneficial in terms of reducing CO2-e emissions. Analysis was then carried out using the field data. Then the results were compared to two ballastless track alternatives. The results show that CO2-e emissions per metre from ballasted track were the least overall, however, the maintenance CO2-e emissions are greater than those of ballastless tracks over the infrastructure lifespan, with ballasted track maintenance emitting more CO2-e emissions at the 30 and 60 year intervals and the end of life when compared to the ballastless track types. The outcome of the study can provide decision makers, construction schedulers, environmental planners and project planners with reasonably accurate GHG emission estimates that can be used to plan, forecast and reduce emissions for plain-line renewal projects. 相似文献
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宜万铁路齐岳山隧道629高压充水溶腔处理技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在齐岳山隧道正洞DK363+629掌子面进行超前水平钻探时,揭示出前方存在一个大型腔体,随后实施超前探测,初步判断了腔体形状,对腔体进行了处理。首先对溶腔进行注浆试验,总计注浆1 613 m3,注浆效果不明显,掌子面停止注浆试验;注浆试验失败后,对DK363+629溶腔进行放水试验,放水量为3 000 m3/h,持续放水共计144 h,水量约43万m3,水压持续在0.2 MPa左右,由于受到外界降雨的影响水压持续上扬,证明腔体具有良好的地表联通性和水量补给持续性,为了保证施工安全停止了放水试验。平导贯通后可采用自然流出法排水,并对腔体采取"释能降压"施工。本次泄水总量约63万m3,水压自0.4 MPa降至0.0 MPa,水量稳定在约1 000 m3/h;随后对腔体实施爆破施工,爆破后采用管道引排的方法在不改变原有水流方向和不影响整体地下水系的情况下顺利通过。 相似文献
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This paper makes two contributions. It firstly proposes the use of a fault tolerance approach for railway operations and secondly it develops a minimum time gap matrix model for capacity computation and the study of perturbation effects through the generation of a compressed timetable. A fault tolerance approach is proposed to improve the operational efficiency of the railway network in terms of the network capacity and the robustness of train timetables. The term fault tolerance is used in a broad sense, to represent any abnormalities or unexpected events in operations or equipment. Enhanced fault tolerance capability provides safety assurance so that, in normal operating conditions, trains can adopt much faster speed profiles when approaching a ‘to-be-cleared’ signal block at stations and junctions than those currently permitted, effectively turning the status of ‘be ready to stop’ to that of ‘proceed with caution’. In the rare event of a ‘fault’ in the system, e.g. if a conflicting train fails to move out of a signalling block as expected or a switch fails to operate as required, the train would be re-routed to take an alternative path. In this study, the new approach is developed on three scenarios i.e., a standard classic right turn junction, a terminus station, and a small network combining both of these elements to demonstrate the performance gains, but the concept can be readily extended for other types of junctions/stations. Results so far show great potential in the proposed fault tolerance approach to increase the capacity and enhance operational robustness to perturbations at such locations. A novel method for capacity computation called minimum time gap matrix model is also introduced that has capability to produce compressed timetables directly from a given train sequence. 相似文献
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油气管道是连接油田、炼厂上下游的重要部分,油气的安全输送是保证油气产量的关键.油气管道运行时的内外部因素给管道安全带来隐患,在油气管道安全运行中引入GIS测绘系统,采集油气管道安全管理相关数据,并对数据进行分析和处理,为管道安全运行提供了决策依据,有效地消除了管道运行安全隐患. 相似文献
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This paper aims to develop an improved cellular automata (ICA) model for simulating heterogeneous traffic in work zone. The proposed ICA model includes the forwarding rules to update longitudinal speeds and positions of work zone vehicles. The randomization probability parameter used by the ICA is formulated as a function of the activity length, the transition length and the volumes of different types of vehicles traveling across work zone. Compared to the existing cellular automata models, the ICA model possesses a novel and realistic lateral speed and position updating rule so that the simulation of vehicle’s lateral movement in work zone is close to the reality. The ICA model is calibrated and validated microscopically and macroscopically by using the real work zone data. Comparisons of field data and ICA for trajectories, speed and speed–flow relationship in work zone show very close agreement. Finally, the proposed ICA model is applied to estimate traffic delay occurred in work zone. 相似文献
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Zhang J.Wen W. 《现代隧道技术》2018,(3):160-166
The Dazhushan tunnel of Dali-Ruili railway is located in an area with complex geological structures,dense faults, various lithologies, fractured soft rock, developed karst and an underground water pressure of up to 3 MPa. Serious mud bursts and water inflow occured during the construction of the parallel adit passing through the Yanziwo fault. The water-stopping technique of grouting reinforcement is studied in light of this high-pressure fault with abundant water; sectional water drainage for moving water and polymerized grouting with super high pressure are presented; and the key points of the grouting reinforcement scheme, construction equipment configuration, criti-cal technology parameters and construction organization are described in detail. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved. 相似文献