级配碎石加铺层的压实特性研究

现场碾压工艺是影响级配碎石层压实特性的重要因素。文章基于大量现场跟踪检测数据,研究了级配碎石层碾压过程中混合料空间结构组成、压实度、厚度随碾压遍数增加的变化规律。研究表明,合理的碾压次数能使级配碎石混合料形成＂骨架-密实＂空间结构体;级配碎石层压实度随碾压次数的增加呈＂自然对数式＂增长;级配碎石摊铺层越厚越易获得较高的压实度,宜取20 cm。     

多功能沥青路面检测机器人设计探讨

在沥青混凝土路面施工工艺中,温度、摊铺厚度以及压实度的良好控制是确保沥青路面质量的重要保证,从而使公路沥青路面检测在施工质量控制与保障方面显得尤为重要。文章开发设计出一种沥青路面检测机器人,替代沥青路面检测人员的人工检测职能,以求降低劳动强度,减少高温、核子仪带来的各种风险,提高施工安全性能以及沥青路面施工质量。     

两种温拌沥青混合料路用性能的对比试验研究

文章中作者选用两种温拌沥青混合料添加剂进行室内试验,与同级配热拌沥青混合料进行对比。结果表明,两种温拌剂均可降低沥青混合料生产温度,同时高温稳定性、水稳定性基本与热拌沥青混合料相当。     

The limits of partial life cycle assessment studies in road construction practices: A case study on the use of hydrated lime in Hot Mix Asphalt

Extensive published literature shows that hydrated lime improves Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) durability. Its impact on the environmental impact of HMA has not been investigated. This paper presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the use of HMA without hydrated lime (classical HMA) and with hydrated lime (modified HMA) for the lifetime of a highway. System boundaries cover the life cycle from cradle-to-grave, meaning extraction of raw materials to end of life of the road. The main assumptions were: 1. Lifetime of the road 50 years; 2. Classical HMA with a life span of 10 years, maintenance operations every 10 years; 3. Modified HMA with an increase in the life span by 25%, maintenance operations every 12.5 years. For the lifetime of the road, modified HMA has the lowest environmental footprint compared to classical HMA with the following benefits: 43% less primary total energy consumption resulting in 23% lower emissions of greenhouse gases. Partial LCAs focusing only on the construction and/or maintenance phase should be used with caution since they could lead to wrong decisions if the durability and the maintenance scenarios differ. Sustainable construction technologies should not only consider environmental impact as quantified by LCA, but also economic and social impacts as well. Avoiding maintenance steps means less road works, fewer traffic jams and hence less CO₂ emissions.     

机场沥青道面修补材料合理压实温度探讨

文章采用马歇尔试验方法,在不同温度下成型试件,测试马歇尔体积参数的变化,分析温度对SMA沥青混合料毛体积密度和空隙率的影响,并根据机场沥青道面修补材料空隙率3%～5%的要求,探讨机场沥青道面修补材料的合理压实温度。     

薄层橡胶沥青复合式路面施工过程质量管理

文章以隆百高速公路橡胶沥青复合式路面工程为背景,介绍了薄层橡胶沥青复合式路面及其作用机理,阐述了薄层橡胶沥青复合式路面施工的质量影响因素,并从拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压、接缝等方面探讨了薄层橡胶沥青混凝土路面施工过程的质量管理措施。     

温拌沥青混合料施工技术研究

文章从温拌沥青混合料的作用机理、分类及优势入手,依托某试验路铺筑实例,阐述了温拌沥青混合料的拌和、运输、摊铺和碾压工艺流程及技术要点,并对铺筑的温拌沥青路面的各项质量控制指标进行了检测分析。     

固废材料磷石膏的工程特性研究

本文从探究磷石膏含水率在不同温度下的变化规律;参考《公路土工试验规程》(JTG E40-2007)中的试验方法,研究磷石膏的物理力学性质,测定磷石膏的液塑限、最大干密度、最佳含水率、比重等物理参数,开展不同压实度下磷石膏的渗透试验、压缩试验、三轴剪切试验等,对磷石膏的工程特性进行分析评价。结果表明:磷石膏物理力学特性类似于土类,但磷石膏的结构和土不同,磷石膏是规则的板状晶体结构,主要成分是CaSO4·2HO2。总体分析磷石膏是一种良好的工程材料,工程应用中控制和掌握好磷石膏含水率,尽可能的提高磷石膏的压实度,压实度越大,磷石膏的工程性质越好。     

On the dependence of acoustic performance on pavement characteristics

Acoustic-based mix design is still far from achieving a clear and accepted rationale. The three main dominions (generation, absorption, propagation) which affect pavement acoustic performance involve a number of acoustic parameters. Their relationship with pavement properties is scarcely or insufficiently known. In more detail, the parameters that define the acoustic coupling between the two phases that comprise a porous material are: porosity, resistivity, tortuosity, and viscous and thermal factors. Consequently, the spectrum of a pavement absorption coefficient depends, in particular, on tortuosity, whose relationship with HMA (hot mix asphalt) bulk properties is still an issue.Given that, the study described in this paper aimed at: (i) assessing the effect of the tortuosity on the absorption coefficient of a pavement layer; (ii) assessing the dependence of tortuosity on mix design parameters and/or mix properties; (iii) deriving a straightforward algorithm to estimate the effect of tortuosity-related properties on the absorption coefficient.Based on the above issues, an experimental plan was designed and carried out in order to study these relationships and set out a tentative theoretical and practical framework. The relationships between acoustic and traditional bulk properties of pavement mixtures were analysed. Acoustic models and hydraulic analogies were considered and, based on them, relationships were formalised and submitted to experimental validations. A simple relationship to derive tortuosity from nominal maximum aggregate size and thickness was derived. This relationship was used to derive the frequency of the first peak of the absorption spectrum, based on HMA properties. Nominal maximum aggregate size and lift thickness emerged as key factors in patterning peak frequency.Future research will address a number of issues among which the following can be listed: synergetic assessment of the influence of HMA properties on the absorption coefficient over the entire spectrum, synergetic consideration of generation and absorption factors. Practical benefits and outcomes are expected for both practitioners and researchers.     

钢质机动管线穿越水域铺设

介绍了钢质机动管线穿越水域铺设的几种形式和所用器材,分析了不同穿越形式的优缺点、水面穿越设备穿越河流时所呈现的“水平悬管”的受力状况,提出了不同穿越形式具体的铺设及适用条件,可供钢质机动管线水域穿越施工时参考。     

A review and analysis of the investment in,and cost structure of,intermodal rail terminals

The results presented in this article identify the role of costs in the scientific and grey freight terminal handling literature and analyses the handling costs of different terminal sizes. The literature review shows that handling costs only play a marginal role in the scientific research in intermodal rail freight terminals (IRT). This is remarkable given the large role costs occupy in decision-making in freight transport. Furthermore, the used cost levels show a wide range of proposed amounts and terminal sizes or handling technologies are seldom addressed. Finally, many of the scientific papers do not make it clear whether the average transhipment cost or market price is referred to. Next, the analysis of the investment in, and cost structure of, IRTs shows that IRT investments are very capital-intensive leading to relatively high average costs per handling. However, given the cost characteristics of IRTs, the average cost per handling represents the underlying cost structure and are – in this sense – representative. The cost analysis demonstrates that extra-large IRTs actually have the lowest average handling costs, followed by small IRTs.     

The importance of the use phase on the LCA of environmentally friendly solutions for asphalt road pavements

In order to assess sustainability of products and processes, different methodologies have been developed and used in the last years. In the road pavement construction area, most methodologies used for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are essentially focused in the construction phase. The present paper analyses the importance of the use phase of a road in the LCA of different paving alternatives, namely by evaluating energy consumption and gaseous emissions throughout the road pavement’s life. Therefore, a new LCA methodology for road pavements was developed, and the results of its application to a case study involving the construction of alternative pavement structures are discussed. The study intends to assess the influence of using more sustainable paving construction alternatives (asphalt recycling vs. conventional asphalt mixtures), and/or different surface course materials (which have a higher influence on the rolling resistance and, therefore, affect the performance during the use phase). The LCA results obtained for this case study showed that the reductions in energy consumption and gaseous emissions obtained during the use phase, for pavement alternatives with a lower rolling resistance surface course, are higher than the total amount of energy consumption and gas emissions produced during construction. It is therefore clear that some improvements in the characteristics of the surface course may have an effect over the road use phase that will rapidly balance the initial costs and gas emissions of those interventions. The LCA results obtained also showed that the sustainability of pavement construction may also be improved using recycled asphalt mixtures.     

公路隧道环保型温拌沥青混合料性能研究

文章从沥青性能、混合料路用性能、环保性能等方面对温拌沥青混合料（WMA）与热拌沥青混合料（HMA）进行对比试验研究,结果表明：与HMA相比WMA可以降低拌和、成型温度约20℃～25℃,其路用性能满足技术规范要求,具有良好的环保性能。并结合工程实例,评述了温拌沥青混合料在公路隧道工程中的应用效果。     

玻纤格栅铺设位置对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的影响

为了评价铺设玻璃纤维格栅用于防治沥青路面反射裂缝的效果,文章以低温抗裂性能为评价指标进行小梁弯曲试验,研究玻纤格栅铺设位置对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的影响。结果表明,铺设玻璃纤维格栅可以提高沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能,且铺设位置距表面1／3～1／2高度处效果最佳。     

沥青加铺层反射裂缝疲劳模拟试验研究

文章利用四点弯曲疲劳试验在不同温度、应力作用下对制作的加铺橡胶沥青应力吸收层、聚酯玻纤布、玻纤格栅、FHGS高强玻纤复合材料土工格栅（简称FHGS格栅）等不同防裂夹层材料的小梁试件进行了疲劳寿命研究。结果表明,FHGS格栅作为防裂夹层对反射裂缝的抑制作用要优于其他几种材料,并能起到较好的防裂效果。     

水泥稳定砂砾就地冷再生工艺及其节能环保意义

道路损坏后路基和路面材料的再生利用不仅能够节约大量宝贵的筑路材料,而且具有重要的环境保护意义。采用冷再生技术将原有旧路面材料以专用机械作业方式进行就地再生,并将其作为水泥稳定砂砾摊铺在原有道路上并作为新铺道路的基础是实现上述理念的成功尝试。     

Superpave设计方法在榆(林)靖(边)高速公路中的应用

针对榆靖沙漠高速公路气候特点,采用Su-perpave设计方法对沥青混合料进行设计,对试验路压实度、构造深度、路面弯沉、裂缝等质量控制指标进行测试,分析结果表明Superpave沥青混凝土路面具有优良的路用性能,所采用的材料组成设计方法在沙漠地区地区具有广泛的应用前景。     

A stochastic optimization approach for the selection of reflective cracking mitigation techniques

PurposeIn Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) overlays, the existing cracks in the underlying pavements can propagate upward to the new added overlay and may cause Reflective Cracks (RC). These cracks allow water infiltration to the underlying layers and causes further moisture damage as well as weakening the unbound layers. Over the years, several methods have been developed for mitigating the RCs. This study aims to investigate the current reflective cracking mitigation methods and develop a methodology for the selection of appropriate mitigation technique. The developed model is then applied to a case study in the state of Florida.MethodTo accomplish this goal, a nationwide literature review was conducted to better understand the current in practice methods in the United States. Moreover, a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) in five different road types was performed to find the annuity of roadway rehabilitation for each of the mitigation methods. The uncertainty in the LCCA results is represented using Exploratory Modeling and Analysis (EMA) method. Then through a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model, a stochastic optimization model was developed to find the appropriate reflective cracking mitigation solution under Florida’s climate and road conditions, based on different cost and performance weights.ResultsBased on the available data for the state of Florida, the LCCA results indicate that the annuity of maintaining the roadway with Fabrics and ISAC are lower compared to other methods. However, the results of stochastic optimization model reveal that while looking at the performance and cost at the same time, different methods would be more feasible. For instance, while the cost of the used method does not matter at all and only performance matters, STRATA® is more probable to be the appropriate mitigation technique. The findings of this research are critical for decision makers to better understand the most cost-effective mitigation technique in different conditions.     

气凝胶型海洋保温管道

随着深水和超深水领域勘探作业的开展,对于保温材料的耐高温性能、导热性能以及保温管道系统的总传热系数指标提出了更高的要求.气凝胶型海洋保温管道就是在这种情况下产生的.文中简要介绍气凝胶型管中管海洋保温管道的结构与构成,主要讨论气凝胶海洋保温管道系统中气凝胶保温材料、中心定位器、防水封堵器以及支撑架的作用.详细介绍气凝胶型...     

Multiple criteria evaluation of transportation system improvement projects: The case of korea

As a newly industrialized country, Korea has shown remarkable economic progress in the last three decades. This phenomenal growth has rapidly increased demands for better quality of life. This includes, among others, increasing demand for high quality transportation system services. In this paper, the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is utilized to evaluate rural highway improvement projects in Korea. The appropriate rural highway improvement projects for widening and paving were selected and studied on the basis of some selection criteria. The results have shown that there are some significant differences in prioritizing projects using the traditional economic evaluation method as compared to those resulting from the use of AHP. As demonstrated, the AHP proves to be an effective tool in evaluating transportation system projects.