船体表面矩形块优化敷设设计(英文)

Rectangular tiles can be laid on a ship’s hull for protection, but the sides of the tiles must be adjusted so adjacent tiles will conform to the curvature of the hull. A method for laying tiles along a reference line was proposed, and an allowable range of displacement for the four vertices of the tile was determined. Deformations of each tile on a specific reference line were then obtained. It was found that the least deformation was required when the tiles were laid parallel to a line with the least curvature. After calculating the mean curvature on the surface, the surface was divided into three layout areas. A set of discrete points following the least deformation of the principal curvatures was obtained. A NURBS interpolation curve was then plotted as the reference line for laying tiles. The optimum size of the tiles was obtained, given the allowable maximum deformation condition. This minimized the number of bolts and the amount of stuffing. A typical aft hull section was selected and divided into three layout areas based on the distribution of curvature. The optimum sizes of rectangular tiles were obtained for every layout area and they were then laid on the surface. In this way the layout of the rectangular tiles could be plotted.     

基于三维数字场的船体表面测量定位标识系统研究

在介绍三维数字场的基础上,对构建基于三维数字场的船体表面测量定位标识系统的框架结构、测量系统、室内空间定位系统及标识划线执行装置系统开展了研究,重点对相应的原理、涉及的技术等方面进行探讨.在此基础上,以船舶表面敷设柔性矩形块的定位点标识作为应用对象,开发相关测量、定位、标识系统,实现在三维数字场中的完整原理性作业,验证提高作业精度和效率的可行性.     

消声瓦几何生成的二次开发

利用测地线进行消声瓦布置三维设计中各种特征曲线的生成。对测地线的生成途径进行了总结分析，并利用测地线几何性质给出了一种求测地线及消声瓦边界曲线的快捷算法。按照工程要求，提出了一种消声瓦在曲面上布置的整体规划方法，该方法将艇体各级纵向基准线作为消声瓦约束和排列的基础，并给出了通过求曲线在曲面上等距线的方法生成基准线。在通用AutoCAD及MDT平台上利用Visual LISP语言进行了二次开发和典型艇体验证，该方法满足工程应用要求。     

消声瓦几何生成及曲面规划

利用测地线进行消声瓦布置三维设计中各种特征曲线的生成。在测地线生成途径上进行了总结分析,并利用测地线几何性质给出了一种求测地线及消声瓦边界曲线的快捷算法。按照工程要求,提出了一种消声瓦在曲面上整体布置的规划方法,该方法将艇体纵向基准线及网格线作为消声瓦约束和排列的基础,并给出了通过求曲线在曲面上等距线的方法生成基准线;在通用几何造型平台上进行了典型艇体验证,该方法满足工程应用要求。     

三维RANS方程求解斜航船体粘性绕流

本文在三维船体贴体坐标系下,运用有限解析解法控制方程进行离散,采用压力与速度耦合的改进的SIMPLER计算方法结合标准的k-ε方程湍流模式,数值求解三维RANS方程,对作斜航运动的Wigley船体的粘性绕流场进行了计算,并与他人结果进行了比较,验证了理论计算方法和数值离散技术的可行性和有效性。     

藕节形耐压壳体强度与稳定性分析及优化设计

结合有限元理论,利用基于试验点的设计方法对藕节形耐压壳体进行优化设计。基于试验点的优化设计的相关理论,利用正交试验设计确定25组试验点。利用参数化建模的方法建立25组试验点对应的藕节形耐压壳体的三维模型。基于有限元理论,利用Workbench对其强度及稳定性进行分析,得到各试验点参数对应的最大应力、临界失稳载荷及壳体质量。根据有限元分析结果,构造最大应力、临界失稳载荷及壳体质量关于球心间距半径比、厚度及切弧角的响应面;利用遗传算法,结合构造的响应面,对藕节形壳体进行优化设计并利用Workbench对其进行校核,验证所设计壳体的安全性。     

30万t FPSO外加电流阴极保护系统设计

考虑到FPSO设计为30年不进坞,需要设计满足外板防腐要求的ICCP系统,按照规范计算经验布置艏艉两套ICCP系统,通过数值仿真软件建立三维模型后进行模拟分析,校核在作业期间ICCP系统输出的保护电流以及船体各区域保护电位值。按照数值模拟结果,对ICCP系统设计进行调整和优化,数值结果表明,简单按照规范计算得出保护电流后确定的ICCP系统,存在部分区域保护电流分布不均,出现过保护或欠保护的现象。基于规范计算结果,采用数值仿真软件进行ICCP系统设计模拟分析后,针对FPSO船体外形结构型式特点,通过艏、中、艉部区域配置不同型号辅助阳极,增大辅助阳极屏蔽层面积,能够让外板保护电流更加均匀分布,保持合理的保护电位。     

Implementation of an executable business process management model for the ship hull production design process

The shipbuilding industry has adopted IT convergence as a new engine for growth encompassing conventional production know-how and economies of scale. Brand new solutions for enterprise IT, such as three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) systems, enterprise resource planning systems, and product lifecycle management systems have been adopted and customized to shipyards and contribute to productivity enhancement. As part of IT convergence in the shipbuilding industry, we examine the adoption of business process management (BPM) for the ship hull production design process. Ship hull production design, a process-based task, requires the most man-hours among all ship design processes and is directly coupled with ship production; thus, improvements in this task can contribute hugely toward enhancing productivity. First, we explain the concept of the executable model, which is an essential condition for executing defined processes in a business process management system (BPMS). In addition, we analyze the hull production design task and use this as the basis of a process to build executable BPM models. Thus, we present detailed implementations and the expected effects for the BPM execution of the hull production design process. The executable BPM model of the hull production design process is implemented using Bonita Open-Solution 5.5, a representative open-source BPMS.     

隔声去耦瓦声学性能有限元及实验研究

从微观和宏观两个方面对隔声去耦瓦的声学性能进行了研究。首先基于有限元法,当声波斜入射时,对空腔周期分布的隔声去耦瓦敷设在钢板上及位于水中的声学性能进行了数值计算;然后通过模型实验手段,以一个大尺度双层圆柱结构为实验模型研究了隔声去耦瓦对双层圆柱壳水下声辐射的影响,实验设计了全部敷设、部分敷设、不敷设等工况。结果表明：钢板背衬时,含圆柱型空腔的隔声去耦瓦随着入射角度的增大,共振频率保持不变,在中高频段,隔声去耦瓦对垂直入射的声波吸收性性能最佳;当隔声去耦瓦为水背衬时,随着入射角变大,含圆柱腔隔声去耦瓦声反射增强,透射减弱;对于单点机械激振,隔声去耦瓦能有效抑制双层圆柱壳中高频段的振动及声辐射,且内外壳全敷设隔声去耦瓦后对抑制壳体的声辐射最为有效;而对于声源激励,隔声去耦瓦在整个频段上都有较明显的降低辐射噪声的作用。     

一种基于CATIA二次开发的船体外形建模方法

  目的  在使用CATIA创建船体模型的过程中,人为因素较大且工序繁杂。为快速量取船舶型值、采用型值快速化三维建模,给出一种快速、高效的船舶建模设计方法。  方法  基于CAD与CATIA平台,运用面向用户的VB和Java语言,通过自动化接口连接CAD与CATIA模块对二者进行联合二次开发,以量取船舶各型线型值并转换为三维坐标点,快速建立三维型线,生成船体曲面。通过2个算例,验证二次开发程序的效率及可靠性。  结果  结果表明,所编写的二次开发程序可在CAD中将二维型线快速转化为三维型值点,并在CATIA中创建横剖线、纵剖线及半宽水线,实现了快速三维建模的功能。  结论  从2种不同船型的绘制结果可见,使用多平台协同设计技术具有多阶段建模、关联模型的技术特点,可以提高模型质量和绘制效率,极大地方便了用户使用。     

采用遗传算法进行球鼻艏优化的流体动力计算(英文)

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) plays a major role in predicting the flow behavior of a ship.With the development of fast computers and robust CFD software,CFD has become an important tool for designers and engineers in the ship industry.In this paper,the hull form of a ship was optimized for total resistance using CFD as a calculation tool and a genetic algorithm as an optimization tool.CFD based optimization consists of major steps involving automatic generation of geometry based on design parameters,automatic generation of mesh,automatic analysis of fluid flow to calculate the required objective/cost function,and finally an optimization tool to evaluate the cost for optimization.In this paper,integration of a genetic algorithm program,written in MATLAB,was carried out with the geometry and meshing software GAMBIT and CFD analysis software FLUENT.Different geometries of additive bulbous bow were incorporated in the original hull based on design parameters.These design variables were optimized to achieve a minimum cost function of "total resistance".Integration of a genetic algorithm with CFD tools proves to be effective for hull form optimization.     

基于NURBS曲面插值的船体曲面重构

  目的  当前常规的船体曲面设计局限于现有母型船设计空间,并且不能以足够少的参数驱动生成设计船型。为了解决上述问题,  方法  将吃水函数与NURBS方法相结合,提出船舶自行设计垂向参数化方法。以船体水线为基本设计单元,以平底线、设计水线、首尾轮廓线、平边线及最大横剖线为特征约束,以特征参数对应的吃水函数值为设计目标,建立水线逼近模型。可应用进化算法对该逼近模型进行求解,最后通过蒙皮法生成船体曲面。  结果  相关特征线的设计实例表明了该方法的实用性和先进性。  结论  应用该方法可以通过尽可能少的数据量完成船体曲面设计,且更适用于新船型的自行设计。     

A study on TLP hull sizing by utilizing optimization algorithm

This paper reports a study on hull sizing for tension leg platforms (TLPs) using an optimization model. At the conceptual or basic design stage of an offshore platform project, hull sizing is one of the most important tasks, having a great impact on later stages of the project. Hull sizing is usually done by an engineering team combining several disciplines and taking account of factors including hydrodynamics, global performance, stability, and structure. This makes it difficult and time-consuming to optimize the hull dimensions. In this study, hull sizing was modeled as an optimization problem in which a range of design criteria had to be satisfied and an objective function minimized. Sizing was then performed using optimization algorithms. For each module, the result calculated by our method was compared with that produced by commercial software (DNV Sesam). Our system was tested for conventional TLP design in three specific metocean environments. Finally, our optimized hull shape was compared with an existing TLP, and the difference in hull shape demanded by each environment was analyzed.     

Free and forced vibration analyses of ship structures using the finite element method

With increases in ship size and speed, shipboard vibration becomes a significant concern in the design and construction of vessels. Excessive ship vibration is to be avoided for passenger comfort and crew habitability. In addition to the undesired effects on humans, excessive ship vibration may result in the fatigue failure of local structural members or malfunctioning of machinery and equipment. The propeller induces fluctuating pressure on the surface of the hull, which induces vibration in the hull structure. These pressure pulses acting on the ship hull surface above the propeller are the predominant factor for vibrations of ship structures are taken as excitation forces for forced vibration analysis. Ship structures are complex and may be analyzed after idealization of the structure. Several simplifying assumptions are made in the finite element idealization of the hull structure. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model representing the entire ship hull, including the deckhouse and machinery propulsion system, has been developed using solid modeling software for local and global vibration analyses. Vibration analyses have been conducted under two conditions: free–free (dry) and in-water (wet). The wet analysis has been implemented using acoustic elements. The total damping associated with overall ship hull structure vibration has been considered as a combination of the several damping components. As a result of the global ship free vibration analysis, global natural frequencies and mode shapes have been determined. Moreover, the responses of local ship structures have been determined as a result of the propeller-induced forced vibration analysis.     

隔声去耦瓦抗冲击性能数值研究

在水下结构表面敷设隔声去耦材料是应用最广泛也是非常有效的一种提高水下航行器隐身性能的方法。但由于隔声去耦瓦含有空腔的特殊结构形式,该空腔结构形式在受到爆炸冲击波时,腔体将产生变形并吸收能量,这必然会对水下航行器的抗冲击性能产生影响。基于有限元法,通过改变敷设在结构表面的隔声去耦瓦性能参数（包括空腔结构形式、空腔尺寸及材料厚度等）,采用ABAQUS大型非线性动力学分析软件,对隔声去耦瓦空腔结构变形与冲击波能量吸收之间的关系进行了研究,得到了隔声去耦覆盖层空腔结构变形、速度及加速度与冲击波能量吸收之间的关系,并在此基础上,给出兼具抗冲和隔振功能的声学覆盖层结构设计建议。结果表明在声学覆盖层满足结构减振降噪要求情况下,建议尽量减小声学覆盖层的腔体形状。     

基于MAXSURF Structure的某尖舭型快艇艇体结构设计

良好的船体结构设计对于提高船舶结构稳定性和创造船舶安全高效作业条件具有重要的意义。基于三维软件MAXSURF Structure,采用模块化结合参数化的方法对某尖舭型快艇艇体结构进行建模设计，对Structure模块在艇体结构设计中的应用和可行性进行分析，对同型艇艇体结构设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Development of a hull form definition tool with a related knowledge-based advisory system

The development of a parametric hull form design system utilizing combined knowledge-based and objectoriented methodologies, approaches, and techniques is the major purpose of this research. One objective was the development of a powerful, intuitive, and parameter-based hull definition system with a related hull definition advisory system that would provide useful and necessary advice to the user. Object and knowledge modeling activities were conducted during the analysis and design stage to facilitate the implementation of a hull design program and advisory system. The hull design system includes the generation of a geometric model from a process of aggregating simple user-selected shapes representing different boundaries. Design involves the capability to vary simple parameters such as entrance angles, length-breadth ratios, and radii to define local and general surface geometries. Hydrostatic calculations are included for analysis; results are referred to an advisory system for evaluation and the determination of the acceptability of parameters and analysis results. The advisory system includes a knowledge bases consisting of hull form databases, results of the statistical analysis of data, design parameter constraints, and expert knowledge acquired from designers, reference materials, and technical reports. Use of the design tool with the advisory system results in the rapid generation of hull forms and associated design evaluations. Flexibility in decision making results from the separation of the design system from the advisory system. The independence of the two systems allows for a wide range of user experience with experts using the design tool with minimal reference to the advisory system. On the other hand, the expertise and knowledge stored in the advisory system is fully available to inexperienced designers and users.     

多层声学覆盖层复合的有限长弹性圆柱壳声辐射特性研究

针对水下双层圆柱壳内外壳体各表面敷设隔声阻尼层的情况,建立了有限长多层复合加实肋板的双层圆柱壳水下声辐射计算模型.对模型采用模态展开法,系统考虑壳体与隔声层和实肋板耦合,外表面声学覆盖层作用和外部声场耦合,并以状态矢量对应的矩阵形式导出复合壳体辐射声功率的计算表达式.数值计算了隔声阻尼层和外场声学覆盖层层参数,实肋板参数和壳体阻尼对模型辐射声功率的影响.研究结果表明:有实肋板时阻尼层的降噪量最高接近15dB,实肋板的声短路作用限制了隔声阻尼层的降噪效果;双层隔声阻尼层比单层隔声阻尼层降噪效果好3-4dB.外场声学覆盖层受实肋板影响较阻尼层小,其降噪量达10dB左右.     

基于Windows的NUBLINE船型设计系统

基于Windows的NUBLINE船型设计系统是基于多重节点B样条和面向对象设计技术的、运行于Windows之上的计算机辅助船型设计系统。本文叙述了NUBLINE系统从工作站版本、DOS版本到Windows版本的发展过程、使用面向对象设计技术的数据结构和程序流程、用B样条技术表达线型的数学原理，以及基于Windows平台的界面设计的特点等。     

基于CADDS 5和VB的三维船体结构重量重心及材料统计计算系统

根据平面图计算船体结构重量重心不但繁杂、耗时，而且难以保证计算结果的准确性。采用三维设计软件进行舰船设计，虽然具备计算功能，但仍然不能满足实际工程需要，有必要进行二次开发。以CVMAC和Visual Basic6．0作为开发工具，开发三维船体结构重量重心及材料统计计算系统，可以处理从CADDS5中获得的数据，自动完成区段和全船的重量重心及材料统计计算，提高设计效率和计算准确性。