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《现代隧道技术》2017,(1)
文章基于复变函数的保角变换方法将含有隧道的半无限平面映射为同心圆环计算域,将隧道周围土体视为均质连续各向同性的饱和介质,通过边界配点法控制盾构隧道局部渗漏水的边界条件,并将解析法与数值法相结合求解了稳定渗流时饱和土体二维渗流的基本微分方程,得到了盾构隧道局部渗漏水引起周围土体孔隙水压力变化的半数值半解析解。结合工程算例,应用该计算方法探讨了隧道渗漏水范围、渗漏水位置、地表与隧道渗漏水边界处总水头差等因素对隧道周围土体孔隙水压力的影响。研究结果表明:盾构隧道发生侧向渗漏水时,周围土体孔隙水压力在水平向1倍隧道中心埋深的范围内变化较大,且渗漏水范围越大。其衰减速度越显著;隧道渗漏水引起的地表与隧道渗漏水边界处总水头差越大,其对土体孔隙水压力的影响越显著,且孔隙水压力的减小量与总水头差呈等比例变化;隧道侧向渗流量随地表与隧道渗漏水边界处总水头差的增大而增大。且两者呈线性关系。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2014,(3)
盾构隧道上覆土层过薄,将可能出现正面塌方或涌水等严重事故。文章针对目前水下盾构隧道最小埋深计算理论存在的问题进行了分析,给出了考虑抗浮安全系数、土层抗剪强度及管片壁后注浆压力的浅覆土盾构最小埋深的计算公式;同时,采用无空列正交试验分析的方法,对影响盾构上覆土厚度的隧道半径、管片壁厚、注浆压力、上覆土有效重度及有效内摩擦角、土的粘度等因素进行了极差和方差分析,得出了最小埋深的显著性影响因子及其随各因素的变化趋势。研究表明:管片厚度及有效内摩擦角对埋深变化影响不大,注浆压力影响非常显著,对推荐公式的主要影响因素为注浆压力、土的粘度、土的有效重度、隧道半径、土的有效内摩擦角、管片厚度。 相似文献
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文章以杭州地铁1号线红普路站—九堡站区间段右线隧道盾构掘进为工程背景,对盾构掘进过程中周围土体的变化情况进行了试验性监测研究,其监测内容包含地表沉降、分层沉降、水平位移和孔隙水压力。通过监测数据分析表明:地表沉降主要集中在盾构通过前接近监测断面和盾尾离开监测断面这一期间;在盾构通过时,隧道盾构外侧土体存在明显沉降,而在盾构通过前、后,土体均有不同程度的隆起,并且横向水平位移较大,受挤压效果明显;盾构切口到达和盾尾离开时,孔隙水压力都会出现突然增大随后迅速减小的变化规律,反映了土体挤压、恢复和松弛等扰动状态。 相似文献
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隧道盾构掘进施工工对周围土体的影响 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文主要研究隧道盾构掘进施工中周围受扰动土体应力状态和应变状态的变异,以及由土体应力和应变状态态的改变引起土体力学性质变异的特性。 相似文献
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随着滨海城市地铁与地下空间开发在广度和深度上的发展,软土地层中地铁运营对周围岩土环境带来的力学问题备受关注。文章采用可以描述土体循环交变荷载作用性质与长期累积变形特性的移动硬化弹塑性本构模型,建立有效应力框架下的水-土耦合有限单元-有限差分数值模型,并选取合适的轨道基床振动荷载,对埋置于复杂软土地层中的苏州地铁一号线运营中轨道振动荷载长期循环作用下隧道周围土体动力学响应进行分析研究,包括土体有效应力响应变化特征、超孔隙水压发展规律以及地层沉降等。随着地铁振动荷载循环次数增加,土体沉降位移与超孔隙水压持续增大直到稳定状态。其发展规律表明,地铁运营振动荷载对周围岩土环境影响范围大,持续时间长。尤其是渗透性较小的软土地层,长期循环荷载作用下土体累积塑性变形引起的地层沉降稳定性成为地铁隧道运营不可忽略的重要问题。本研究可为地铁隧道运营中的地层环境安全与稳定性评价提供一种合理有效的分析预测方法。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2018,(5)
随着滨海城市地铁与地下空间开发在广度和深度上的发展,软土地层中地铁运营对周围岩土环境带来的力学问题备受关注。文章采用可以描述土体循环交变荷载作用性质与长期累积变形特性的移动硬化弹塑性本构模型,建立有效应力框架下的水-土耦合有限单元-有限差分数值模型,并选取合适的轨道基床振动荷载,对埋置于复杂软土地层中的苏州地铁一号线运营中轨道振动荷载长期循环作用下隧道周围土体动力学响应进行分析研究,包括土体有效应力响应变化特征、超孔隙水压发展规律以及地层沉降等。随着地铁振动荷载循环次数增加,土体沉降位移与超孔隙水压持续增大直到稳定状态。其发展规律表明,地铁运营振动荷载对周围岩土环境影响范围大,持续时间长。尤其是渗透性较小的软土地层,长期循环荷载作用下土体累积塑性变形引起的地层沉降稳定性成为地铁隧道运营不可忽略的重要问题。本研究可为地铁隧道运营中的地层环境安全与稳定性评价提供一种合理有效的分析预测方法。 相似文献
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针对浅埋超小间距隧道盾构施工,文章以特拉维夫红线轻轨工程西标段双线盾构施工为工程背景,从隧道加固施工、盾构掘进控制、监测控制与应急管理等方面进行系统研究。结果表明,加固施工在小间距盾构隧道施工中至关重要,可有效降低隧道施工风险;对未加固的小间距盾构隧道施工,应保持土压平稳,加强土压精细化控制;严格控制出渣量,做好渣土改良,控制土体损失率低于0.3%;在盾壳外部注入膨润土或克泥效,可有效地减少邻近隧道的位移量;应结合实时监测数据,控制回填注浆量及注浆质量;隧道施工过程应加强对邻近既有建筑物的监测。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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本文阐述了混合动力列车的技术特点及其相应优势与劣势,同时介绍了其在国内外的研究动向,并对其应用前景进行了展望。尽管该类新型铁道车辆的续航能力、电池寿命以及成本等相关问题目前仍有待改善,但以其对城市环境的美化作用与优越的舒适驾乘性能,以及高效节能、绿色环保的显著优势,依然不失为一类充满前景的新型轨道交通运输方式。 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献