碱-集料反应国内外研究概况

分析了混凝土碱-集料反应的成因,并综述了国内外关于混凝土碱-集料反应的研究进展及预防措施。     

酸雨腐蚀沥青混合料中集料的热力学分析

酸雨对沥青混合料中集料的腐蚀作用尚未得到足够的重视和研究,在分析酸雨对沥青混合料中碱性集料和酸性集料腐蚀反应的化学机理的基础上,运用热力学基本原理分析酸雨对沥青混合料中集料腐蚀的影响,引入吉布斯自由能△G^0建立酸雨与集料反应的计量关系,推断沥青混合料在酸性降水条件下发生腐蚀反应的可能性,计算结果表明在常温及一个大气压的自然条件下,酸性降水中的酸性成分就可与沥青混合料中的集料发生反应。     

沥青混凝土合理集料组成的计算公式

在多年研究沥青混凝土集料组成的基础上，全面分析了当代最负盛名的Superpave法和贝雷法的集料组成，探明其内在规律，提出了集料合理组成的计算公式，以一定包容了Superpave的集料组成和贝雷法。     

宁波地区混凝土工程碱活性反应与预防

通过对宁波地区集料进行碱活性分析试验,总结本地区碱活性集料的分布规律,并从本地区集料碱活性的抑制和预防着手,提出相应措施。最后结合宁波地区资源和环境条件,提出本地区预防碱集料反应的一些建议。     

粗集料贯入试验方法研究

粗集料之间的骨架对路面抗车辙性能有较大的影响，而目前对粗集料骨架力学试验方法存在争议。文中借鉴CBR试验，利用压力机和位移传感器进行粗集料贯入试验，评价不同粗集料之间的嵌挤力，确定了贯入粗集料试验的方法，用来检验粗集料内部的比例是否合理。     

HMA和SMA的集料组成和VMA的关系

集料间隙率VMA是HMA和SMA等沥青混合料设计的关键标准，它随集料的性质和集料级配组成而异，在集料性质满足规范要求基础上，则决定于集料组成。该文从干涉理论出发，分析了不同集料组成与VA4A的关系，并与当前有关规范中VMA的最小值对比，证明文中提出的HMA和SMA的集料组成是合理的。文末并对如何调整集料性质和级配组成使其达到VMA标准的途径提供参考意见。     

基于粗集料表面纹理特性的沥青混合料性能研究

目前缺乏对集料表面纹理的直接定量测量和评定方法，基于光纤传感法设计了激光轮廓仪，直接测量了7种不同粗集料的表面纹理，应用算术平均偏差Ra对集料表面纹理进行了定量评定，并对集料表面纹理的粗糙度进行了简单的分类，最后通过沥青混合料力学性能试验对测量和评定结果进行了验证。结果表明，采用激光轮廓仪能够直接、准确地测量集料表面纹理；算术平均偏差对集料表面纹理的评定是合理有效的；其他条件相同的情况下，粗集料表面纹理的R值越大，沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性和低潭抗裂性能越好.     

细集料对沥青混合料空隙率影响分析

采用不同细集料、级配类型、油石比、沥青类型和成型方法成型试件进行试验，研究细集料对沥青混合料空隙率的影响，并计算试件空隙率。试验结果表明，采用玄武岩粗细集料成型试件，试件空隙率明显偏大，都超出规范要求范围；采用玄武岩粗集料和石灰岩细集料成型试件，试件空隙率较小，都满足规范要求。其主要原因是玄武岩细料毛体积密度偏大，并且其不容易压实。建议最好采用玄武岩粗集料和石灰岩细集料成型试件，慎重采用玄武岩粗细集料成型试件，如该地区缺少石灰岩细集料，则应先检测玄武岩细集料的特性。     

不同岩性细集料对沥青混合料路用性能的影响研究

分别采用玄武岩细集料及石灰岩细集料和玄武岩粗集料制备两种不同的AC-13C改性沥青混合料，以及分别采用花岗岩细集料及石灰岩细集料和花岗岩粗集料制备两种不同的AC-25C普通沥青混合料，对两组不同岩性的沥青混合料进行室内路用性能试验，分析两种不同岩性细集料对沥青混合料性能的影响。结果显示:粗集料为玄武岩时，用石灰岩细集料代替玄武岩细集料，能够提高混合料的水稳定性和高温稳定性；粗集料为花岗岩时，用石灰岩细集料代替花岗岩细集料不利于混合料的水稳定性和高温稳定性。     

利用多孔玄武岩集料生产沥青混合料的探讨

多孔玄武岩集料，因其吸水率大，一般认为不宜用作高速公路沥青路面面层集料。该文针对海南省西线高速公路海口连接段使用多孔玄武岩集料铺筑的沥青路面使用情况提出了不同的看法，并从理论上分析了集料孔隙中的水不至于对沥青混合料造成过大危害的原因。     

电动车半轴角度及节型对电驱系统振动影响研究

电动车加速工况出现的轴向抖动问题,严重影响驾乘人员的主观感受。本文基于台架试验的方法,消除整车的干扰,研究电驱系统本体的轴向抖动问题。综合采用时频分析,对比分析等方法,首先确定了电驱系统轴向抖动的原因,然后对其影响因素进行了深入探讨,并根据研究结果提出改善该问题的设计建议。研究表明,加速工况轴向抖动是由于半轴的阶次激励激发了电驱系统的刚体模态而引起;半轴的阶次振动幅值随半轴安装角度的增大而有所增大,但GI节型半轴对安装角度更敏感;AAR节型半轴的阶次振动幅值远小于GI节型半轴的阶次振动;电驱系统布置设计时,应尽量减小半轴安装角度并使用AAR节型半轴。     

Anticipatory speed control model applied to intersection left turns

This paper presents a new speed control model applicable to real-world driving. It is developed for intersection left turns and is based on anticipated acceleration reference (AAR) inputs. This addresses combined visual anticipation of lateral and longitudinal accelerations for the approach to an intersection where both stopping and turning outcomes are possible. The relationship between the AAR and the resulting vehicle accelerations are studied for both stopping and turning events using naturalistic driving data. A closed-loop model is developed, including braking to rest when the left turn is not attempted and for the turn and exit stages when it is. Parameter ranges are estimated, and as a demonstration of model applicability, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to generate representative left turns using a full simulation model. Extension of the AAR model to other speed control problems, for example, driving on curved roads, is also discussed.     

Energy Dissipation Due to Vehicle/Track Interaction

The effects of track irregularities and wheel profile on the amount of energy dissipated in railroad freight vehicles is examined. A nonlinear computational model is used to determine the average dissipation in the vehicle suspension and the wheel/rail contact patches. This dissipation is a component of the total resistance force acting on the vehicle. Parametric results are presented showing the effects of track geometry, wheel profile, suspension design, and hunting on train resistance. Track geometry studies consider the effects of track quality and curving. The AAR 1:20 wheel profile and the Heumann wheel profile are compared under various operating conditions. Compared with the Heumann profile, the AAR 1:20 profile is shown to have lower average resistance on good quality tangent track, but higher average resistance in steady curves. A trade-off exists between the two profiles when dynamic curve entry is considered.     

Energy Dissipation Due to Vehicle/Track Interaction

SUMMARY

The effects of track irregularities and wheel profile on the amount of energy dissipated in railroad freight vehicles is examined. A nonlinear computational model is used to determine the average dissipation in the vehicle suspension and the wheel/rail contact patches. This dissipation is a component of the total resistance force acting on the vehicle. Parametric results are presented showing the effects of track geometry, wheel profile, suspension design, and hunting on train resistance. Track geometry studies consider the effects of track quality and curving. The AAR 1:20 wheel profile and the Heumann wheel profile are compared under various operating conditions. Compared with the Heumann profile, the AAR 1:20 profile is shown to have lower average resistance on good quality tangent track, but higher average resistance in steady curves. A trade-off exists between the two profiles when dynamic curve entry is considered.     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring. bottoming.     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring bottoming.     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

ABSTRACT

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring. bottoming.     

多级矿料-沥青体系的颗粒特性、界面效应及迁移行为研究进展

沥青混合料是多级多相颗粒性材料,其复杂的颗粒特征、界面效应和迁移行为决定了离析特性、压实效果与力学响应。为了解析沥青混合料的微细观作用机理,为混合料组成优化设计、施工控制及性能预测提供理论基础,进而提升沥青路面的耐久性,综述了国内外学者在矿料-沥青体系的研究成果,并将摊铺、压实、服役阶段的沥青混合料分别看作不同状态及迁移自由度的矿料-沥青体系。首先,针对矿料体系的颗粒特性,分析了颗粒几何形态以及尺寸效应对沥青混合料性能的影响,给出了多级矿料复合几何特征表征方法。其次,针对松散态的矿料-沥青体系,梳理了矿料颗粒体系的接触摩擦特性、界面交互作用等细观特征,介绍了沥青混合料的离析行为评价方法,分析了颗粒迁移行为对离析倾向的影响,并讨论了离析形成机理;针对沥青混合料的压实过程,描述了动态压实特性与颗粒的迁移行为,分析了矿料几何特征、矿料-沥青界面效应对颗粒迁移行为的影响,从内部颗粒迁移角度讨论了沥青混合料的压实过程;针对压实成型的沥青混合料,介绍了矿料-沥青体系的颗粒迁移行为,并分析了颗粒微迁移特性对沥青混合料力学强度的影响。最后,将运输摊铺过程的松散态、压实过程中的错动态、服役过程中的成型态...     

山区高速公路桥隧相连地段梁体预制、架设施工技术

为解决山区高速公路桥隧相连地段梁体预制、架设难题,以济晋高速公路工程中桥隧相连地段梁体施工为例,介绍该工程中四里沟大桥和四里沟中桥的梁体预制及架设技术.通过梁体预制及架设方案比较,采用在隧道内预制梁方案,解决了隧道口无场地的问题;采用满堂支架配合人字扒杆架梁方案,并通过合理利用现场地形和资源(隧道弃碴),解决了架桥机无法在隧道口架梁的问题.该梁体预制、架梁施工技术适用于梁片数量少、梁体吨位大,隧道口距桥台尾距离小于10 m,且采用架桥机架梁既困难成本又很高的桥隧相连地段.     

混杂纤维混凝土螺栓剪力键试验

为研究混杂纤维混凝土螺栓剪力键的极限承载力、滑移特性及破坏模式,设计3组10个推出试件进行试验研究,分析纤维、螺栓直径、螺栓孔径比等对混杂纤维混凝土螺栓剪力键的承载力、螺栓拉力、破坏模式及荷载-滑移特性的影响.试验结果表明:增大螺栓直径,可以明显提高螺栓剪力键的承载力,其中 Φ22直径螺栓较 Φ16,Φ19的螺栓的承载...