碱-集料反应国内外研究概况

分析了混凝土碱-集料反应的成因,并综述了国内外关于混凝土碱-集料反应的研究进展及预防措施。     

酸雨腐蚀沥青混合料中集料的热力学分析

酸雨对沥青混合料中集料的腐蚀作用尚未得到足够的重视和研究,在分析酸雨对沥青混合料中碱性集料和酸性集料腐蚀反应的化学机理的基础上,运用热力学基本原理分析酸雨对沥青混合料中集料腐蚀的影响,引入吉布斯自由能△G^0建立酸雨与集料反应的计量关系,推断沥青混合料在酸性降水条件下发生腐蚀反应的可能性,计算结果表明在常温及一个大气压的自然条件下,酸性降水中的酸性成分就可与沥青混合料中的集料发生反应。     

宁波地区混凝土工程碱活性反应与预防

通过对宁波地区集料进行碱活性分析试验,总结本地区碱活性集料的分布规律,并从本地区集料碱活性的抑制和预防着手,提出相应措施。最后结合宁波地区资源和环境条件,提出本地区预防碱集料反应的一些建议。     

沥青混凝土合理集料组成的计算公式

在多年研究沥青混凝土集料组成的基础上，全面分析了当代最负盛名的Superpave法和贝雷法的集料组成，探明其内在规律，提出了集料合理组成的计算公式，以一定包容了Superpave的集料组成和贝雷法。     

粗集料贯入试验方法研究

粗集料之间的骨架对路面抗车辙性能有较大的影响，而目前对粗集料骨架力学试验方法存在争议。文中借鉴CBR试验，利用压力机和位移传感器进行粗集料贯入试验，评价不同粗集料之间的嵌挤力，确定了贯入粗集料试验的方法，用来检验粗集料内部的比例是否合理。     

HMA和SMA的集料组成和VMA的关系

集料间隙率VMA是HMA和SMA等沥青混合料设计的关键标准，它随集料的性质和集料级配组成而异，在集料性质满足规范要求基础上，则决定于集料组成。该文从干涉理论出发，分析了不同集料组成与VA4A的关系，并与当前有关规范中VMA的最小值对比，证明文中提出的HMA和SMA的集料组成是合理的。文末并对如何调整集料性质和级配组成使其达到VMA标准的途径提供参考意见。     

基于粗集料表面纹理特性的沥青混合料性能研究

目前缺乏对集料表面纹理的直接定量测量和评定方法，基于光纤传感法设计了激光轮廓仪，直接测量了7种不同粗集料的表面纹理，应用算术平均偏差Ra对集料表面纹理进行了定量评定，并对集料表面纹理的粗糙度进行了简单的分类，最后通过沥青混合料力学性能试验对测量和评定结果进行了验证。结果表明，采用激光轮廓仪能够直接、准确地测量集料表面纹理；算术平均偏差对集料表面纹理的评定是合理有效的；其他条件相同的情况下，粗集料表面纹理的R值越大，沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性和低潭抗裂性能越好.     

不同岩性细集料对沥青混合料路用性能的影响研究

分别采用玄武岩细集料及石灰岩细集料和玄武岩粗集料制备两种不同的AC-13C改性沥青混合料，以及分别采用花岗岩细集料及石灰岩细集料和花岗岩粗集料制备两种不同的AC-25C普通沥青混合料，对两组不同岩性的沥青混合料进行室内路用性能试验，分析两种不同岩性细集料对沥青混合料性能的影响。结果显示:粗集料为玄武岩时，用石灰岩细集料代替玄武岩细集料，能够提高混合料的水稳定性和高温稳定性；粗集料为花岗岩时，用石灰岩细集料代替花岗岩细集料不利于混合料的水稳定性和高温稳定性。     

细集料对沥青混合料空隙率影响分析

采用不同细集料、级配类型、油石比、沥青类型和成型方法成型试件进行试验，研究细集料对沥青混合料空隙率的影响，并计算试件空隙率。试验结果表明，采用玄武岩粗细集料成型试件，试件空隙率明显偏大，都超出规范要求范围；采用玄武岩粗集料和石灰岩细集料成型试件，试件空隙率较小，都满足规范要求。其主要原因是玄武岩细料毛体积密度偏大，并且其不容易压实。建议最好采用玄武岩粗集料和石灰岩细集料成型试件，慎重采用玄武岩粗细集料成型试件，如该地区缺少石灰岩细集料，则应先检测玄武岩细集料的特性。     

利用多孔玄武岩集料生产沥青混合料的探讨

多孔玄武岩集料，因其吸水率大，一般认为不宜用作高速公路沥青路面面层集料。该文针对海南省西线高速公路海口连接段使用多孔玄武岩集料铺筑的沥青路面使用情况提出了不同的看法，并从理论上分析了集料孔隙中的水不至于对沥青混合料造成过大危害的原因。     

电动车半轴角度及节型对电驱系统振动影响研究

电动车加速工况出现的轴向抖动问题,严重影响驾乘人员的主观感受。本文基于台架试验的方法,消除整车的干扰,研究电驱系统本体的轴向抖动问题。综合采用时频分析,对比分析等方法,首先确定了电驱系统轴向抖动的原因,然后对其影响因素进行了深入探讨,并根据研究结果提出改善该问题的设计建议。研究表明,加速工况轴向抖动是由于半轴的阶次激励激发了电驱系统的刚体模态而引起;半轴的阶次振动幅值随半轴安装角度的增大而有所增大,但GI节型半轴对安装角度更敏感;AAR节型半轴的阶次振动幅值远小于GI节型半轴的阶次振动;电驱系统布置设计时,应尽量减小半轴安装角度并使用AAR节型半轴。     

Anticipatory speed control model applied to intersection left turns

This paper presents a new speed control model applicable to real-world driving. It is developed for intersection left turns and is based on anticipated acceleration reference (AAR) inputs. This addresses combined visual anticipation of lateral and longitudinal accelerations for the approach to an intersection where both stopping and turning outcomes are possible. The relationship between the AAR and the resulting vehicle accelerations are studied for both stopping and turning events using naturalistic driving data. A closed-loop model is developed, including braking to rest when the left turn is not attempted and for the turn and exit stages when it is. Parameter ranges are estimated, and as a demonstration of model applicability, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to generate representative left turns using a full simulation model. Extension of the AAR model to other speed control problems, for example, driving on curved roads, is also discussed.     

Energy Dissipation Due to Vehicle/Track Interaction

The effects of track irregularities and wheel profile on the amount of energy dissipated in railroad freight vehicles is examined. A nonlinear computational model is used to determine the average dissipation in the vehicle suspension and the wheel/rail contact patches. This dissipation is a component of the total resistance force acting on the vehicle. Parametric results are presented showing the effects of track geometry, wheel profile, suspension design, and hunting on train resistance. Track geometry studies consider the effects of track quality and curving. The AAR 1:20 wheel profile and the Heumann wheel profile are compared under various operating conditions. Compared with the Heumann profile, the AAR 1:20 profile is shown to have lower average resistance on good quality tangent track, but higher average resistance in steady curves. A trade-off exists between the two profiles when dynamic curve entry is considered.     

Energy Dissipation Due to Vehicle/Track Interaction

SUMMARY

The effects of track irregularities and wheel profile on the amount of energy dissipated in railroad freight vehicles is examined. A nonlinear computational model is used to determine the average dissipation in the vehicle suspension and the wheel/rail contact patches. This dissipation is a component of the total resistance force acting on the vehicle. Parametric results are presented showing the effects of track geometry, wheel profile, suspension design, and hunting on train resistance. Track geometry studies consider the effects of track quality and curving. The AAR 1:20 wheel profile and the Heumann wheel profile are compared under various operating conditions. Compared with the Heumann profile, the AAR 1:20 profile is shown to have lower average resistance on good quality tangent track, but higher average resistance in steady curves. A trade-off exists between the two profiles when dynamic curve entry is considered.     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring. bottoming.     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring bottoming.     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

ABSTRACT

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring. bottoming.     

运营隧道衬砌病害诊治的现状与发展

衬砌病害诊治是隧道运营维护的首要任务。为形成隧道衬砌病害诊治现状与发展趋势的系统认识,从病害类型及成因、病害检测技术、病害加固治理方法3个方面对其发展现状进行了详细阐述和分析,并讨论了衬砌诊治研究尚存在的不足和下一步可能的研究重点。主要结论显示：①不同类型隧道衬砌的主要病害类型已基本明确,但是病害产生原因诊断方法及产生机制尚需进一步研究;②衬砌病害检测技术和方法取得了长足的进步,集合多种检测技术的病害智能检测识别系统成为了研究的主流方向,但是病害信息的快速、高精度拾取和智能识别仍是亟待解决的技术瓶颈;③经过多年研究,已形成了围岩（地层）注浆和内表面加固这2种较为完善的衬砌加固技术方法体系,加固方法作用机制、耦合加固技术和加固设计方法是下一步的可能研究重点。最后,介绍了笔者在衬砌内表面加固研究方面取得的最新进展：开发了隧道衬砌快速早强的FRP网格加固方法,该方法2个小时内即可起到加固作用;提出了衬砌内表面加固界面模拟方法,系统探讨了围岩抗力、前期受力、材料用量、加固范围等对加固效果的影响规律和作用机制;建立了内表面加固的衬砌正截面承载性能及裂缝扩展全过程分析理论。     

橡胶沥青路面降噪技术原理与研究进展

为了有效降低交通噪声对人类健康的危害，促进橡胶沥青降噪路面的推广应用，对橡胶沥青路面降噪技术原理及研究进展进行了综述。介绍了路面噪声的产生及增强原理，对橡胶沥青路面的隔音与降噪功能及机理进行了重点评述；同时，总结了多种因素对橡胶沥青路面降噪效果的影响，并分析了橡胶沥青路面降噪特性；最后，总结了橡胶沥青降噪技术工程应用的最新研究进展。综合分析表明：橡胶沥青路面降噪的主要原理是由于橡胶粉或橡胶颗粒的阻尼及高弹性，使得路面具有较高的吸收振动和冲击的性能，从而达到较好的减振降噪的效果；而橡胶粉掺量与目数、路表纹理状况、长期服役行为是影响橡胶沥青路面降噪性能的3个关键因素。适当增加橡胶颗粒的掺量，增大橡胶颗粒的粒径，采用开级配橡胶沥青混合料并且保证路面养护能够长效增加橡胶沥青路面的减振降噪性能；在对橡胶沥青路面降噪特征分析方面，多种噪声测试方法的利用为评价噪声声品质提供了可能；而关于橡胶沥青路面降噪技术的工程应用主要集中在3个方面：骨架密实型橡胶沥青混合料路面、大孔隙橡胶沥青混合料路面和新型外加剂的使用。其中骨架密实结构和大孔隙结构的应用较为成熟。研究结果表明：橡胶沥青路面降噪技术的研究正符合当前功能性路面材料在安静路面的需求，将为进一步发展和应用安静路面提供理论和应用支持。     

沉管隧道运维技术发展现状综述

为促进沉管隧道运维技术发展,通过文献调研、现场调查与数据挖掘等方法,系统梳理了沉管隧道的国内外概况、运营与病损情况、检测与评估技术、病害预防及处治等方面的技术成果。以沉管隧道用途、管节长度与埋置水深等关键信息为基础,阐释了其国内外发展概况;简述了沉管隧道运营现状,并重点对沉管隧道接头、主体结构、附属结构与设施的常见病损特征进行了数据挖掘;对隧道检测、监测与评估技术进行了对照剖析,阐述了目前国内外检测与评估技术的进步与不足;从前期预防与后期处治的双角度,阐述了沉管隧道的不均匀沉降、裂缝与渗漏水等常见病害的预防与处治;并从沉管隧道运维信息的角度,对其运维技术的发展趋势进行了展望。结果表明：沉管隧道建设已取得丰硕成果,但仍存在诸多运维技术难题;在役沉管隧道出现了过大(差异)沉降、裂缝、渗漏水等病损,其中管节不均匀沉降最为常见;沉管隧道检测仍以结构检测对象和传统周期性检测方法为主;沉管隧道评估诊断多侧重于沉降量控制标准的角度,考虑多因素综合角度的服役性能评估尚处于空白阶段;沉管隧道常见病害应坚持建设期预防和运营期处治双管齐下的对策。未来,沉管隧道运维将向运营环境全要素拓展,并更注重实时自动化监测技术、大数据智能评估技术与基于状态的养护策略等新技术。