Numerical investigation of characteristics of water-exit ventilated cavity collapse

The collapse of the ventilated cavitation occurring on a cylindrical vehicle during the water-exit is numerically researched. The numerical model employs the finite volume method to solve the multiphase Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (RNNS) equations and uses the volume of fluid (VOF) method to capture the free surface. A practical water wave environment that the vehicle usually encounters is reproduced in a numerical wave flume, so that the water wave’s effect on the cavity collapse flow regime is investigated. The main feature of the waterexit collapse of a ventilated cavity is studied under the wave-free condition. The result indicates that a collapsing ventilated cavity experiences two stages, in which the pattern of cavity evolution is different. In the early stage, the cavity undergoes a rapid shrinkage as a closed body. In the late stage, the cavity releases gas from the front due to the increase of the cavity pressure. The water wave effect is investigated at three typical wave phases: the wave crest, the wave trough and the wave node. Results show that when the vehicle is launched under the wave node, the cavity collapse regime remains fairly axisymmetric and is similar to the wave-free case. However, when the vehicle is launched under the wave crest and trough, the cavity evolution presents highly three-dimensional (3D) features. The results of predicted cavity size, pressure distributions and hydrodynamic forces at different wave phases show that the wave effect is relatively weak at the wave node but becomes apparent at the wave crest and trough.     

矿用多级泵水力性能的数值模拟及性能预测

以矿用多级泵为研究对象,运用CFX软件,采用基于非结构网格的SIMPLE算法和标准k-ε湍流模型对矿用多级泵内部流场进行数值模拟,得到了流场的速度分布和压力分布.选用多相流Mixture模型进行空化模拟,显示首级叶轮的进口背面区域有空泡集聚,通过增大叶轮进口正冲角改善了气蚀状况,并进行了优化模拟验证,同时对多级泵的模拟性能曲线进行了预测,预测结果与实验性能曲线相吻合.     

高水头船闸阀门开启过程水力特性仿真研究

采用动网格技术和VOF方法对高水头船闸阀门开启过程进行非恒定流三维紊流数值模拟,研究阀门段水流急变分离的流态、流速、压力等水力特性参数的时空演化规律,以及出现空蚀与流激振动的危险区域和时刻。研究表明,阀门工作最不利开度是0.4,阀门后狭缝、阀门下底缘及跌坎角处是流噪声源,也是空蚀风险区;开度0.5时突扩体顶板上游侧区域有负压,有空蚀风险;空蚀最危险区域在突扩体升坎反弧末端,最不利工况下,开度0.8时负压高达120.75 kPa。建议进一步对突扩体型进行优化,运行中采用阀门快开方式减小负压持续时间,采取工程措施加强空蚀区的防护。     

Forchheimer方程参数量化及达西—非达西转变临界点

为探究岩体裂隙中水流的运动规律，基于真实岩体材料建立裂隙渗流模型，对裂隙中的渗流状态及渗流参数进行了研究. 区别于水泥、玻璃、亚克力、钢材等常见非石材类材质，选用天然大理石岩块为基材构建单裂隙渗流模型，开展不同隙宽（0.77、1.18、1.97、2.73 mm）的渗流试验，考察压力损失与流量的关系，探讨达西—非达西流转变的临界点及Forchheimer方程的参数量化问题. 研究结果表明:隙宽为0.77 mm时压力梯度与流量基本呈线性达西关系，随着隙宽和流量的增大，二者呈现出明显的非达西特征，可用Forchheimer方程描述；Forchheimer方程的粘滞项和惯性系数均可表达为隙宽的幂函数，引入雷诺数对惯性项系数进行修正可以减少误差；提出以压力梯度-流量曲线的斜率变化特征来判断达西—非达西流临界点的方法，并在本试验中得到了验证.      

高水头大流量泄洪隧洞体型优化数值模拟研究

采用VOF法和k-ε紊流模型相结合对金沙江溪洛渡水电站3#泄洪隧洞泄洪过程进行了数值模拟,针对设计体型存在的第二、第三级掺气坎的掺气空腔长度和高度偏小,龙落尾段的水流流速过高,空化数局部偏小的问题,优化了泄洪隧洞奥奇段体型,调整了掺气坎的布置,使泄洪隧道压强分布更趋均匀,空化数分布趋于平稳,从而改善了泄洪隧洞水流的空蚀空化特性。同时增大了掺气空间,加大了泄洪隧洞的掺气保护长度。     

Study of Temperature Field in Natural Ventilated Atrium

Full-scale experimental measurements and modified k-ε two-equation computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model with buoyancy term are used to investigate temperature field of the single-sided natural ventilated atrium with large openings. Compared with the measured values, the modified k--ε turbulent mode can effectively simulate the low Reynold number airflow in the single-side naturally ventilated atrium. Based on the experiment,the optimum period of utilizing natural ventilation for indoor climate control was determined. And the characteristic of the temperature field was analyzed and classified into two zones:lower linear temperature distribution zone and upper thermal accumulation area where temperature is power function distributed. These can be referenced for design and operation of atrium in north China.     

Pulsation characteristics of ventilated supercavitation on a 2D hydrofoil

AbstractBased on a suite of computational fluid dynamics code,the pulsation characteristics are studied for turbulent supercavitating flows over a 2D base-vented symmetric hydrofoil using a pressure-based Navier-Stokes solver coupled with a phase mass fraction transport cavitation model and local linear low-Reynolds-number k-ε turbulence model.It is found that there exists a critical air supply flow under certain inflow condition.When the gas supply flow exceeds the critical value,the cavity begins to pulsate.Pulsating cavity has a visually wavy surface,and air leakage shows as a mass of air-water mixture detaching from the rear part of the cavity periodically.     

遗传算法在城市单交叉路口信号动态控制中的研究及应用

提出一种实时遗传算法优化配时控制方法,对单交叉路口多相位交通流建立一种实时动态模型,根据不同时刻的不同车流量,选择最优相位配时和相位顺序,通过对本周期及前一周期的车流量进行实时测量,采用线性预估方法,对下一周期的车流量进行预估,以最大通行能力为路口模型控制性能指标,从而确定下一周期的相位配时方案。最后在原模型的基础上作为改进模型的例子融入了延误时间,得到了新的目标函数。采用C语言编程进行实时仿真试验,结果表明,算法实时性好,运行稳定。     

基于遗传算法的城市单交叉路口信号动态控制

针对单交叉路口多相位交通流建立一种实时动态模型,并根据不同时刻的不同车流量, 选择最优相位配时和相位顺序.提出一种实时遗传算法优化配时控制方法,通过对本周期及前 一周期的车流量进行实时测量,采用线性预估方法,对下一周期的车流量进行预估,以最大通行能力为路口模型控制性能指标,从而确定下一周期的相位配时方案.采用MATLAB语言编程 进行实时仿真试验,结果表明,算法实时性好,运行稳定.     

钝体绕流的随机涡方法

在离散涡方法中应用随机微分方程理论来求解二维钝体绕流问题，通过对静止圆柱不同雷诺数下的绕流计算，得到冯卡门涡街和回流区对称轴线上径向速度分布以及升力系数和阻力系数，都与已知结论非常一致。     

计入冷却液时汽缸套振动特性和穴蚀的研究

研究了计人冷却液时汽缸套穴蚀计算的模型;探讨了在任意力作用下的动力响应计算中,用杜哈曼积分求解解耦方程的问题,以12V180和16V240柴油机为例,按不同约束情况进行了振动计算和分析。     

混合交通流的动力学模型

引入超车换道流量，建立了混合交通流的连续性方程；通过对交通流参数的微分变换,建立了混合交通流的运动微分方程．连续性方程和运动微分方程构成了混合交通流的动力学模型．将模型应用于无超车换道交通流，求出了流量和密度之间的关系．结果表明在低密度段模型与实测数据吻合．     

功能梯度输流管在弹性基体中的热弹性振动分析

为了研究嵌入弹性基体功能梯度输流管的流固耦合振动问题，首先根据欧拉梁模型理论推导得到功能梯度输流管道的振动控制方程，然后采用微分求积法对振动控制方程进行求解，最后根据计算结果详细讨论了材料组分的体积分数、温度、长细比及弹性基体的弹性系数对系统的固有频率及临界流速的影响. 研究结果表明:（1） 内部材料组分的体积分数增大会使系统的无量纲固有频率增大，临界流速减小（指数n由0增大到10，流速为0时的固有频率增大约13%，临界流速减小约6%）；（2） 随着温度的升高，系统的固有频率和其临界流速都会降低（长径比为100时，温度升高30 K，流速为0时的固有频率减小约4%，临界流速减小约14%），减小长径比会使得系统的固有频率明显下降（长径比为100、50和20时，系统的固有频率分别为160、41.1和11.87.）；（3） 系统的固有频率随着管道外径的增大而降低，管壁越薄变化越快，管壁越厚变化越慢（外径由0.1 m增大到0.11 m时，其固有频率的下降幅度约为外径由0.19 m增大到0.2 m时的100倍）；（4） 弹性基体弹性系数k增大会提高系统的固有频率（k增大3倍，系统的固有频率提高了约74%）.      

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将交通流模型表示成拟线性一阶双曲型偏微分方程组;按照方程组中的系数值，对交通流的各种宏观模型进行了分类;依据特征线的特征速度是否小于宏观运动速度，模型是否依赖外来的速度一密度平衡关系以及模型代表的交通流特点等三项指标对模型进行了评价.结果表明有三种比较理想的交通流模型.     

基于速度系数法的离心泵叶轮优化设计

离心泵在水力设计中应保证达到设计参数的要求,有较高的水力效率和良好的汽蚀性能.以离心泵水力设计的速度系数法为前提,应用机械优化设计的方法,以离心泵的效率和汽蚀性能为优化目标建立了离心泵叶轮的优化设计模型,并通过实例计算证明了该方法是切实可行的.     

天然气流量信息融合及聚类控制系统

根据天然气流量数学模型,提出了天然气流量信息融合聚类结构,通过ART 2网络和BP网络对影响流量的差压、压力及温度传感器数据进行融合和输出空间聚类分析,制定了在输出流量变化时保持输出压力稳定的聚类控制策略.该系统已用于四川省广元市天然气远程监测调度系统.实测结果表明该系统的天然气流量变化范围在5%～95%时,压力波动不超过±10%.     

Integrated fluid-thermal-structural numerical analysis for the quenching of metallic components

The quenching of a metal component with a channel section in a water tank is numerically simulated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to model the multiphase flow and the heat transfer in film boiling, nucleate boiling and convective cooling processes to calculate the difference in heat transfer rate around the component and then combining with the thermal simulation and structure analysis of the component to study the effect of heat transfer rate on the distortion of the U-channel component. A model is also established to calculate the residual stress produced by quenching. The coupling fluid-thermal-structural simulation provides an insight into the deformation of the component and can be used to perform parameter analysis to reduce the distortion of the component.     

泥石流与主河交汇区三维数值模拟

依据流体力学和非牛顿流体力学原理,建立了交汇区混合流运动方程,分析并提出了双场交汇计算的耦合模型,主要包括数值计算方法、交汇区流变关系和泥沙沉降关系.通过计算表明,该三维耦合计算模型能与实测资料相吻合,并能详细刻画交汇区泥沙浓度分布规律及主河水位的变化.     

Numerical procedure for static and dynamic analysis of fluid-conveying submarine pipeline span on linear elastic seabed

Based on the Hamilton principle, dynamic differential equation of the submarine pipeline span, under the interaction of internal flow and external environmental loads, is established. A constraint-equivalent method is used to deal with the boundary conditions of pipeline span on the linear elastic seabed. Effects of the internal flow velocity and seabed stiffness on the pipeline’s lateral deformation and bending stress are studied by the static analysis, while the preliminary relationships between the internal flow velocity and the foundation stiffness to the natural frequency of pipeline span are investigated by the dynamic analysis. It is found that the lateral deformation increases with the increment of internal flow velocity, but decreases with the increment of seabed stiffness. The bending stress at the ends of span increases with the increment of internal fluid velocity and the seabed stiffness, however the stress at the middle of the span shows the converse tendency. Moreover, increasing the seabed stiffness or decreasing the internal flow velocity can lead to higher natural frequency. The dynamics response of midpoint of span at different foundations and internal fluid velocities are also given in this paper.     

泥石流与主河交汇区三维数值模拟

依据流体力学和非牛顿流体力学原理,建立了交汇区混合流运动方程,分析并提出了双场交汇计算的耦合模型,主要包括数值计算方法、交汇区流变关系和泥沙沉降关系.通过计算表明,该三维耦合计算模型能与实测资料相吻合,并能详细刻画交汇区泥沙浓度分布规律及主河水位的变化.