基于充水金属球壳的吸声覆盖层声学特性研究

为改善低频吸声性能,提出一种基于充水金属球壳的吸声覆盖层结构,并利用有限元方法对其吸声特性开展数值仿真分析。结果表明:充水球壳的引入能改善原有橡胶基层的吸声性能;通过多个不同几何参数的球壳组合,吸声覆盖层的低频性能得到显著提升;球壳中的弹性球应采用模量较大的橡胶材料制备,否则在静水压强下,吸声覆盖层无法保持原有性能;吸声覆盖层的吸声机理由低频时弹性球的共振、中高频时组合结构耦合共振引起的基体材料形变、耦合共振对声波散射作用增强3部分构成。     

有限长双层弹性圆柱壳体声散射研究

有限长双层弹性圆柱壳体散射声场的计算可在一定程度上估算水下目标的声散射特性,对此进行研究具有显而易见的工程实用价值。目前,对水下弹性体的声散射问题已得到了广泛而深入的研究,但对有限长双层弹性圆柱壳的声散射讨论的较少。本文借鉴无限长弹性壳体散射声场的计算结果,采用变形柱计算方法,导出了平面声波垂直入射时水中有限长双层圆柱壳散射声压的简单而明显的表达式,并给出远场散射形态函数,同时计算了远场平面声波在0～180°范围内入射到有限长双层弹性圆柱壳体的目标强度值。说明内外壳体散射声场形态函数的迭加在一定程度上可实现对双层弹性壳体散射声场的近似表达,同时双层壳体散射声场的形态函数声频特征较单层壳体的声频特征丰富等有意义的计算结果,为缩比模型的设计、建造等提供了基础判据。     

充液圆柱壳的动态特性研究

基于经典的Flugge弹性薄壳理论和Helmholz波动方程,研究了充液圆柱壳的频散特性以及相速度和群速度特性,利用数值方法求得了特征方程的实数、虚数和复数根,并分别揭示了它们的物理含义,分析了内流场对于壳体动态特性的影响,给出了壳体中功率流和流体载荷的变化情况,从能量角度研究了充液圆柱壳的动态特性.研究表明,传播波的数量随激励频率的增加而增加,这些传播波的起始频率都是某一支近场波的截止频率.对于某一个固定的频率,存在有限数量的传播波和无限多的近场波.当n=0时,传播波是由弯曲波和纵向拉伸波构成的,并且Kelvin-Kirchhoff剪力的功率和弯矩的功率是相等的.     

渗透球壳流固耦合问题的位移及内力解

在弹性薄壳的线性(非线性)理论和流体力学基本方程的基础上,在小雷诺数的情况下应用相容欧拉-拉格朗日法建立了渗透球壳在流体中流固耦合的基本方程及关系式,并通过摄动法求解了渗透球壳在粘性流体中的流函数从而进一步解出其位移及内力解.通过具体算例,给出了壳的位移变形及内力图,并对有关参数进行讨论,绘出相关曲线.得出渗透系数k和流速越大的情况下,壳体位移也就越大,相应的内力也变大;球壳在三个角度处位移为零.文章能为过滤器问题提供指导.     

考虑航速及自由液面影响的声介质中三维结构水弹性力学研究

基于Wu建立的带航速三维水弹性理论,采用考虑自由液面效应的理想可压流体Green函数,提出了带航速和考虑自由液面的声介质中三维水弹性结构声辐射计算方法.对THAFTS三维水弹性计算程序进行修改,得到声介质中三维水弹性计算程序.针对无限大流体中的静态弹性球壳结构声辐射模型进行一系列数值计算,通过与解析结果的比较,验证了该计算方法和计算程序的正确性.进一步计算不同潜深、不同航速下弹性球壳的结构声辐射,以此为基础对该计算方法和计算程序进行进一步考核,同时分析了航速和自由液面对水下结构声辐射的影响.     

掩埋弹性球壳声散射建模与分析

给出了掩埋弹性物体的声散射理论模型，然后对弹性球壳声散射进行了数值计算，并将计算结果与自由声场中所得到的结果进行了比较分析。结果表明，掩埋目标尽管受目标临近界面、海底衰减和海底物质负载的影响，一定条件下，掩埋在海底中的弹性目标仍然像在水中一样表现出共振散射行为，后散射信号中同样包含有利于目标识别的弹性信息。     

部分浸没充液无限长圆柱壳声辐射特性研究

本文旨在研究圆柱壳的浸没和充液对其声辐射特征的影响,为界面附近充液壳体目标声学性能的评估和测量提供理论依据和研究方法。通过有限元数值仿真方法计算得到半充液无限长圆柱壳辐射声压的频率-浸没深度谱和半浸没无限长圆柱壳辐射声压的频率-充液高度谱,结果均呈现出两种明显的共振现象,分别由弯曲波和低阶流体附加波激发。根据相速度频散曲线推导出共振频率的预报公式,能够准确地预报辐射声场中出现的共振现象,可为系泊状态内部液舱结构振动声辐射线谱特征控制与评估提供理论支撑。     

具有特定边界的粘弹性圆柱管中波的传播和衰减

本文在线性粘弹性模型框架内研究了一定边界条件下无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播和衰减.在Ivasson 和Karasalo的方法的基础上,发展了一个自适应绕数积分求根方法.利用该方法得出了粘弹性圆柱管的无量纲化相速度频散曲线和衰减曲线.然后比较了引入损耗因子后粘弹性圆柱管与弹性圆柱管中轴对称波传播的特性.给出了圆柱管的一些参数对相速度和衰减的影响.     

基于耦合边界元法的水下目标低频声散射特性

基于耦合声学边界元理论对水下目标低频声散射特性进行仿真研究。为了验证此数值方法准确性,对水中弹性球壳在平面波入射下的反向散射特性进行数值计算。结果表明,散射声场的数值计算结果和解析解较好吻合。在此基础上,本文探究刚性BeTSSi-Sub[1]和弹性BeTSSi-Sub的全向散射特性,对比发现,刚性BeTSSi-Sub的目标强度大于弹性BeTSSi-Sub的目标强度。通过对形状不同弹性的BeTSSi-Sub的目标强度对比发现,在低频段潜艇上舵对潜艇目标强度的影响比上层建筑的影响大。     

均匀外压下有几何缺陷球壳的破坏压力

将球壳缺陷部分看作受球壳其余部分弹性约束的独立扁球壳,提出了弹性屈曲压力的分析方法,并得出临界弧长的解析结果。还对非弹性屈曲破坏问题提出了工程实用的处理方法。共作十四个铝球壳和四个钢球壳模型试验。     

球体波能转换装置捕获能量的理论研究

球体波能转换装置在波浪的激励下可以同时在水平和竖直两个模式振荡。基于线性微幅波浪和势流理论,将波浪与球体相互作用简化为球体固定不动,波浪绕过球体和球体在静止流体中运动。线性叠加以后得到总的速度势,计算出球体波能转换装置的平均功率和能量俘获宽度因子的解析表达式。理论研究表明:装置与波浪运动的相位差是影响波能的最重要的参数,最优相位差为-π/2,并且给出了最优相位差调节的理论表达式。另外,对波长、波幅、球体半径、水深和球心距静水面的距离等因素也进行了分析。     

带横隔板开孔沉箱所受波浪力的研究

研究了斜向波与无限多开孔沉箱的相互作用。依照结构物的几何形状,整个流域被分成无限多个子域,在每个子域内应用特征函数展开法求解速度势。对于沉箱内的波浪运动,引入相位差概念;同时,在构造反射波模型时,考虑了结构物的几何形状影响。进行了数值试验,分析了开孔沉箱水平波浪力及横隔板受力特点,详细讨论了波浪入射频率、入射角度、相对消浪室宽度及开孔影响系数对开孔沉箱波浪力的影响。     

圆弧型贯底式防波堤防浪效果的解析研究

给出了圆弧型贯底式防波堤防浪效果计算的解析方法.假定防波堤刚性、薄壁、不透浪,水深恒定.假想存在一个圆柱面,把流场划分为内外区域,在每个区域上将速度势用特征函数展开,然后在它们的公共边界上进行匹配,匹配的原则是公共边界上速度连续,压力连续,从而可得到关于未知系数的一组线性代数方程组,解出未知系数,即可求得流域中任意一点的速度势和波高.数值结果给出了不同入射波波长及防波堤所对不同圆心角时防波堤周围波幅的等高线图.结果表明:圆弧型贯底式防波堤具有很好的防浪效果,通常情况下,掩护区域内的波高仪为入射波波高的20%～50%,对于短波,甚至可降到10%.     

基于MPS-FEM耦合方法研究波浪与结构的相互作用（英文）

Nowadays, an increasing number of ships and marine structures are manufactured and inevitably operated in rough sea. As a result, some phenomena related to the violent fluid-elastic structure interactions(e.g., hydrodynamic slamming on marine vessels, tsunami impact on onshore structures, and sloshing in liquid containers) have aroused huge challenges to ocean engineering fields. In this paper, the moving particle semi-implicit(MPS) method and finite element method(FEM) coupled method is proposed for use in numerical investigations of the interaction between a regular wave and a horizontal suspended structure. The fluid domain calculated by the MPS method is dispersed into fluid particles, and the structure domain solved by the FEM method is dispersed into beam elements. The generation of the 2D regular wave is firstly conducted, and convergence verification is performed to determine appropriate particle spacing for the simulation. Next, the regular wave interacting with a rigid structure is initially performed and verified through the comparison with the laboratory experiments. By verification, the MPS-FEM coupled method can be applied to fluid-structure interaction(FSI) problems with waves. On this basis, taking the flexibility of structure into consideration, the elastic dynamic response of the structure subjected to the wave slamming is investigated, including the evolutions of the free surface, the variation of the wave impact pressures, the velocity distribution,and the structural deformation response. By comparison with the rigid case, the effects of the structural flexibility on wave-elastic structure interaction can be obtained.     

分舱形式对圆柱壳结构声学性能影响研究

为研究舱壁布置形式对圆柱壳结构声学性能的影规律,文章应用有限元方法对等间距与不等间距分舱圆柱壳模型的振动响应进行了计算,以此为输入可计算获得壳体的均方法向速度级声学传递函数,并在典型频率处应用波数谱分析方法将壳体空间域振动场转换到波数域上,对壳体的振动进行波形分离与量化,分析获得了舱壁等间距布置与不等间距布置圆柱壳在典型激励下的结构声学性能,并解释其机理.研究表明:对垂向激励,圆柱壳不等间距分舱相比等间距分舱具有较好的结构声学性能,但对轴向激励,两者区别不明显.若将不等间距分舱与局部结构补强措施相结合,则可使得圆柱壳在两典型工况下均能获得更优的结构声学性能.     

Higher-order boundary element method for the interaction of a floating body with both waves and slow current

A hybrid boundary element method is suggested to solve the problem of the interaction of floating structures with both waves and slow current. A pulsating source and its mirror image referring to the sea bottom are adopted as the Green's function. The velocity potentials are expanded into an eigenfunction expansion in the outer region of the fluid domain while higher order elements are used to discretize the boundary surface surrounding the inner region. The method is validated by comparing calculated results for a circular cylinder with the semi-analytical solutions. The method is then applied to ellipsoids of various breadth and draft to investigate the influence of body shape on the wave drift damping.     

纵向位移波穿过微极流体中微极弹性板的传播特性研究

基于微极流体理论和微极固体弹性理论,研究了纵向位移波通过微极流体中微极弹性板时的纵向位移波、耦合波一和耦合波二等三种微极弹性波的反射和透射特性。理论分析和数值计算结果表明:在一般情况下,各种反射和透射波的振幅比是入射波的入射角、频率和介质材料特性的函数;正入射时只有纵向位移波穿过固体板,而不存在其它波的传播;掠入射时仅有入射波沿界面传播而无反射、折射和透射现象发生。文章同时还讨论了反射、折射和透射系数随入射角的变化规律。     

Simulation of multiregional wave-structure impact on damping elements on offshore structures

Hydrodynamic impacts of free surface waves are a widely known issue in coastal and ship engineering. They can result in severe damage to important industry facilities (e.g. offshore wind turbines) or means of transport (e.g. oil tankers). This kinds of damage give rise to different difficulties due to economic losses and environmental pollution. On that account, the present paper deals with a special feature of a protective mechanism for offshore structures. We develop a numerical multiregional wave-structure impact model of a damping element prototype. The investigated prototype consists essentially of an elastic cover that is attached to the cylindrical mono-pile foundation at wave level. The chamber between the flexible structure and the mono-pile is filled with a liquid. A prototype of the damping element has been constructed as a mono-pile structure test object. In order to measure the hydrodynamic loads on the test object, we placed piezoelectric sensors on the stagnation points of the mono-pile. The multiregional simulation model created is able to imitate the wave impact and its consequences. These implications include the deformation and oscillation of the elastic shell, the resultant force affecting the pile and the dissipation power of the damping fluid. The dissipation power can be understood as the crucial factor preventing the shell from oscillating over long periods of time. It enables us to state the mechanical energy that is transfered due to the wave’s impact on the damping fluid region.     

Second-order hydrodynamic effects on an arrangement of two concentric truncated vertical cylinders

The second-order diffraction problem by a piston-like arrangement that consists of two concentric surface piercing cylinders is considered. The developed matched axisymmetric eigenfunction expansion solution methodology in cylindrical co-ordinates is based on the semi-analytical formulation of the velocity potentials in the various fluid regions which are defined by the geometry of the two-body arrangement. The main difficulty associated with the specific configuration originates from the fact that the geometry defines two fluid regions that extend up to the free surface in which the inhomogeneous second-order free surface boundary condition has to be fulfilled. To this end the associated velocity potentials in these regions are decomposed into a number of components defining the so-called ‘free’ and ‘locked’ waves. The latter are calculated by solving the resulting Sturm–Liouville problems. The seek second-order velocity potential in the whole fluid domain is then derived by enforcing matching conditions for the radial velocities and the fluid pressures at the cylindrical boundaries of adjacent fluid domains. Numerical results concerning the second-order hydrodynamic loading and the wave run-up on the cylinders are given, whereas special attention is given at incident wave frequency regions where the first-order exciting wave forces attain maximum values due to the resonant fluid motions in the moonpool.     

弹性边界刚度对充液圆柱壳耦合频率的影响分析

研究了弹性边界刚度对充液圆柱壳的振动特性影响。基于Flügge理论并考虑流体的影响,根据波动法建立弹性边界条件下充液圆柱壳的耦合振动特征方程,采用一种改进傅里叶级数的计算方法得到弹性边界条件下的轴向波数,将求得的轴向波数代入耦合方程并利用牛顿迭代法求解方程得到耦合频率。通过与两种边界条件下充液圆柱壳的计算结果进行对比,验证了文中研究方法的有效性和正确性。通过算例,分析了在边界约束刚度变化过程中,充液圆柱壳的耦合频率在不同轴向波数、壳体尺寸等因素下的变化规律。