集装箱船典型疲劳评估节点应力强度因子计算

在基于疲劳裂纹扩展理论的疲劳评估方法中需要确定疲劳热点,并准确求解热点处裂纹应力强度因子。论文将CCS在规范中规定的疲劳评估节点分为四类:1典型对接接头和T型接头焊趾处,2趾端底板,3趾端肘板,4垂直三构件相交角点。分别使用三维有限元技术求解第一类、第二类、第三类节点的应力强度因子修正系数并和BS7910公式对比。结果表明:第一类节点与BS7910公式吻合良好;第二类节点裂纹扩展在趾端范围内时应力强度因子修正系数较BS7910公式大,超过趾端范围内时,应力强度因子修正系数发生突变快速下降并逐渐趋近于1;第三类节点应力强度因子修正系数在整个范围内较BS7910公式大。第二类构件、第三类构件应力强度因子修正系数和BS7910公式误差都很大。为此,分别对第二、三类节点提出了各自的修正公式,它们和有限元计算结果吻合良好。     

LNG船纵骨端部表面裂纹疲劳扩展寿命计算

基于断裂力学的裂纹扩展方法预报液舱纵骨端部的疲劳寿命。采用有限元软件对液舱纵骨端部节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子进行系列计算,并在BS7910经验公式的基础上拟合出趾端的应力强度因子修正系数经验公式。将采用该公式得到的结果与有限元计算结果相对比,结果表明二者能较好地吻合,该公式可应用到类似端部结构裂纹扩展应力强度因子的计算中。按挪威船级社(Det Norske Veritas,DNV)规范的要求组合热点主应力幅值,并按降序对各载荷块构造液舱疲劳热点载荷谱,结合修正公式系数经验计算液舱纵骨端部趾端的裂纹扩展寿命,预报的疲劳寿命满足要求。     

焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子简化计算的比较研究

对接、T型接头与十字接头是船舶与海洋结构的典型结构形式,其大部分疲劳失效是由于焊趾引起的.各种表面裂纹的应力强度因子计算是船舶与海洋结构基于断裂力学安全评定和疲劳寿命预测的基础.Bowness等人提出了T型接头焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子计算式,作者对其复杂的计算式进行了简化.BS7910针对对接、T型接头与十字接头提出了两套焊趾应力强度因子表达式,一是针对二维表面裂纹提出的,一是针对三维表面裂纹提出的.本文对作者给出的简化表达式以及BS7910的两套表达式进行了比较.结果表明作者给出的简化表达式不仅可以用来计算T型接头的焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子,而且可以用来计算对接与十字接头焊趾表面裂纹的应力强度因子.同时发现在a/T＜0.05处三者的差别比较大,因此用有限元法进行了验证,结果证明作者给出的简化表达式比其他表达式更加合理.     

T型接头焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的简化计算方法

T型接头是船舶与海洋结构物的典型结构形式之一,其焊趾处常常是疲劳热点区域。T型接头焊趾表面裂纹的应力强度因子是船舶与海洋结构的、基于断裂力学安全评定和疲劳寿命预测的基础。本文对T型接头表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法,尤其是Bow ness等人提出的T型接头焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算公式进行了分析,在此基础上导出了形式简单,物理意义明确的T型接头焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的简化计算公式,并和相关的应力强度因子的计算结果进行了比较,证明了本文简化方法的可行性。     

复杂应力场中裂纹疲劳扩展寿命预报

船舶作为一种大型焊接结构,其疲劳热点部位的应力应变场分布很复杂,要预报这些部位的裂纹疲劳扩展寿命,必须解决复杂场中裂纹的应力强度因子计算及其裂纹扩展方向问题.该文对船舶肘板处两种不同原因产生的裂纹的扩展路径、扩展速率进行了研究.裂纹扩展方向用第一主应力准则确定,在裂纹扩展方向上给定不同的裂纹增量,得到不同长度裂纹的复合裂纹等效应力强度因子,并拟合这些计算结果得出船舶肘板的应力强度因子计算式.结合裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型对肘板裂纹扩展寿命进行了预报,预报结果与实验结果符合得较好,说明所采用的方法可行.对建立船舶典型节点的裂纹扩展寿命预报方法有参考价值.     

船舶折角型节点的疲劳裂纹扩展计算

文章以船舶折角型节点为研究对象,运用有限元软件WALCS和PATRAN分别预报某船的水动力响应和结构热点应力响应.为避免计算表面裂纹应力强度因子时需要在PATRAN有限元模型中疲劳热点区域采用体单元建模,文中提出了一种计算波浪载荷下船海结构物三维表面裂纹应力强度因子而无需在PATRAN中建立体模型的方法,并通过与广泛认可的经验公式对比验证其精度.将此方法应用于该船船舯底边舱折角处表面裂纹应力强度因子计算,计算并总结出波浪载荷下该类节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子的无量纲计算经验公式.应用一种基于谱分析构建结构疲劳载荷谱的方法,结合单一曲线模型对该节点进行裂纹扩展计算.计算结果表明:该船船舯底边舱折角疲劳寿命不满足设计要求,建议对节点进行改进.     

变幅载荷作用下焊接接头疲劳寿命预测方法

船舶与海洋结构物在其服役过程中受到波浪等载荷的交变作用而引起结构的疲劳损伤.检测结果表明船舶及海洋结构的疲劳热点部位大多数是在构件相互连接的焊缝焊趾处.因此,研究典型接头表面裂纹应力强度因子统一计算方法以及变幅载荷作用下表面裂纹扩展规律对船舶与海洋结构物的寿命预测是十分重要的.本文讨论了裂纹闭合及开口比的计算,在Newman有效应力强度因子计算方法的基础上,提出了考虑因素更全面的有效应力强度因子幅计算式以及变幅载荷作用下船舶与海洋结构物典型焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型.     

焊趾处椭圆表面裂纹的权函数与残余应力强度因子的权函数法

利用三维有限元计算了焊趾处半椭圆表面裂纹的应力强度因子。利用统一的权函数形式,结合得到裂纹半长比a/c=0.2;0.4;0.6;0.8,a/t=0.1~0.8的有限元数据,得到了适用于T型接头焊趾处半椭圆表面裂纹最深点和表面点的权函数。权函数的准确性,用有限元在裂纹面施加高阶载荷进行了验证,对于表面点和最深点,半长比a/c=0.2~0.8,a/t=0.1~0.8,权函数与有限元结果误差在8%以下。基于得到的权函数,计算了T型接头焊趾处半椭圆表面裂纹的残余应力强度因子Kres,并与有限元计算结果进行对比,对比误差在10%以下,表明新的权函数能很好地预测T型接头焊趾处的残余应力强度因子。     

弯曲载荷作用下含切口T型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子计算

含裂纹修理切口T型节点的切口底部易于产生疲劳损伤,因而需要对该处新萌生的表面裂纹的疲劳寿命进行估算,以评判下次检修的时间.本文采用基于线弹性断裂力学的有限元方法,对弯曲载荷作用下于修理切口底部产生的表面裂纹最深处的应力强度因子进行了计算.计算结果表明,对于同一类型节点,在相同裂纹深度下,裂纹底部的应力强度因子随着a/c的减小而增大.进而,根据修理切口的不同形状,给出了一组具有一定工程适用范围的回归公式.根据基于线弹性有限元计算结果得出的经验公式,对含修理切口T型节点切口底部萌生的表面裂纹扩展规律进行分析,得出了不同裂纹深长比下,裂纹深长增量比随裂纹深度的变化曲线.在数值计算的基础上,采用船用普通钢制备的试件,对切口底部萌生的表面裂纹进行试验研究,描述了在交变弯曲载荷作用下裂纹形貌的变化规律.试验结果表明,试验数据点与计算曲线相比,具有较高的一致性,验证了根据有限元计算结果提出的拟合公式的精度.     

一种复杂载荷作用下船舶结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法

风暴模型是Tomita等提出的用来评估船舶结构疲劳强度的一种随机波浪载荷简化模型,它能表达波浪载荷是与时间相关的随机过程。文中介绍了风暴模型及波浪诱导应力短期分布的基本特征。将风暴模型和裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型及焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法结合起来,探讨了复杂载荷作用下船舶结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法。并用权函数法计算了给定残余应力分布的表面裂纹应力强度因子。预报了对接焊接接头焊趾处表面裂纹在风暴波浪载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,结果表明风暴的大小、顺序,初始裂纹尺寸及残余应力对裂纹扩展行为影响明显。合理的风暴模型参数及初始裂纹尺寸的确定对船舶结构的疲劳寿命预报是非常重要的。     

复杂载荷作用下潜艇结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法

统一疲劳裂纹扩展模型是课题组在McEvily模型基础上提出来的,它将疲劳裂纹扩展的3个扩展区域统一起来,并能解释更多的疲劳试验现象.本文介绍了统一疲劳裂纹扩展模型的基本表达式.将此模型与焊缝焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法结合起来,探讨复杂载荷作用下潜艇结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法.将服从Weibull分布的随机载荷系列编排为升序、降序载荷谱及随机载荷谱,预报潜艇锥柱结合壳焊缝焊趾处表面裂纹在3种载荷谱下的疲劳裂纹扩展情况,并分析随机载荷谱下载荷次序效应及初始裂纹尺寸对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,载荷次序效应对潜艇结构疲劳寿命的影响很明显,且合理的确定初始裂纹尺寸对潜艇结构的疲劳寿命预报是非常重要的.     

考虑焊接效应的T型对接接头裂缝中的应力集中因子异常现象的数值研究（英文）

Industry design standards such as BS 7910 deployed some empirical formulas for the prediction of stress intensity factor(SIF) based on simulation results from traditional finite element method(FEM).However,such FEM simulation occasionally failed to convince people due to the large discrepancies compared with engineering practice.As a consequence,inaccuracy predictions via such formulas in engineering standards inevitably occur,which will compromise the safety of structures.In our previous research work,an abnormal phenomenon of SIF in a cracked T-butt joint accounting for welding effect has been observed.Compared with BS 7910,the calculation results of SIF at the surface points of welded specimens cannot be well predicted,with a large discrepancy appearing.In order to explore such problem with an abnormal increase at the surface points of cracked welded specimens,a numerical investigation in terms of SIF among BS 7910,XFEM,and FEM is performed in this paper.Numerical models on both a simple cracked plate without welding effect and a cracked T-butt joint with welding effect are developed through ABAQUS.Parametric studies in terms of the effects of varied crack depth to thickness ratio(a/T) and the effects of crack depth to crack half-length ratio(a/c) are carried out.Empirical solutions from BS 7910 are used for comparison.It is found that the XFEM can provide predictions of SIF at both the crack deepest point and crack surface point of a simple cracked plate as accurate as FEM.For a T-butt joint with a transverse stiffener,a large discrepancy in terms of the weld magnification factors(Mk) occurs at the crack surface point compared with empirical predictions.An exceptional increase of von Mises stress gradient in regions close to the weld-toe is found through the simulation of FEM,whereas a constant stress gradient is obtained through XFEM.The comparison results indicate an inappropriate prediction of SIF by the utilization of the empirical formulas in BS 7910.A more reasonable prediction of the SIF at the surface point of a crack is obtained by the XFEM.Therefore,further updating of the empirical solutions in BS7910 for SIF accounting for welding effect is recommended.     

船体纵骨典型节点疲劳裂纹扩展寿命评估

基于有限元软件ABAQUS,结合虚拟裂纹闭合法、裂纹扩展判据及子结构技术,应用脚本语言Python开发出模拟疲劳裂纹扩展的程序(FCG-System)。对含初始裂纹的油船纵骨典型节点在侧面压力作用下进行疲劳裂纹扩展数值模拟,并探讨了软趾、背肘板及防倾肘板对疲劳裂纹扩展路径和寿命的影响。结果表明,增设软趾、背肘板或防倾肘板都会使裂纹扩展路径曲率增大,且软趾、防倾肘板可使裂纹扩展寿命增大,背肘板可使裂纹扩展寿命减小。     

A reliability approach to fatigue crack propagation analysis of ship structures in polar regions

Fatigue is a common failure mode in ship structures. For structures with an initial crack, the fatigue crack propagation behavior needs to be considered. The purpose of this study is to establish a procedure for analysis of fatigue crack propagation of ship structures in combination with reliability methods. The stress intensity factor (SIF) and geometry correction factor are calculated by means of finite element analysis. Validation for the SIF calculation is achieved by comparing the computed results with those based on related solutions. Since fatigue damage usually occurs in weld areas, the effect of such components on the fatigue crack propagation behavior was also considered in this work. The Paris law in combination with the Monte Carlo technique are employed for the fatigue crack propagation analysis in this study. Reliability updating based on inspection for cracks is also carried out. A computer program was developed for the purpose of fatigue crack propagation analysis within the framework of reliability methods. An application example of fatigue crack propagation in relation to the hull of the icebreaker Xuelong 2 is presented. The sensitivity of the procedure to key analysis parameters (sample size, initial crack size) is also considered. Finally, the effect of low temperatures on the computed results is also analyzed.     

Stress magnification effect of initial deformation on the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints

Compared with thick plate welded joint, the welding joint of thin plate will produce initial deformation due to its low bending rigidity. The existence of initial deformation will cause the welded structure to produce secondary bending effect, which will produce greater stress magnification effect at the weld toe and seriously affect the fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints. Therefore, based on the correction formula of thick plate, considering the influence of initial deformation and geometric nonlinearity of thin plate, this paper deduces the stress magnification factor formula at the weld toe of T-shaped and cruciform specimens. The accuracy of the revised formula is further verified by comparing the notch stress calculated by the modified formula with the FE results. Finally, the modified formula is applied to the notch stress and fatigue evaluation of typical thin plate welded joints respectively. The results show that the proposed notch stress calculation formula can fully consider the stress amplification effect of thin plate structure, and can be used to quickly evaluate the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints.