Causality between performance and traffic: an investigation with Indian ports

This paper attempts to find out the causal relationship between port performance and port traffic by using Indian data. The use of cointegration analysis has come out with the result that performance precedes traffic in most of the ports of India. Hence, government policy towards performance augmenting facilities should be given priority so that higher efficiency induces higher traffic     

集装箱港区交通量计算模式探讨及道路系统的适应性分析

针对集装箱港区吞吐量增长给港区公路集疏运系统所带来的压力,研究公路交通量与集装箱公路集疏运量的关系。通过建立集装箱港区公路交通量的计算模式,并借助交通工程学的有关理论分析港口道路集疏运系统的适应性。本计算模式可指导集装箱港区公路集疏运系统的规划设计,保证集装箱港区公路集疏运系统的顺畅,为类似工程提供参考。     

武汉新港花山作业区规划重点问题分析

基于武汉新港花山作业区的功能定位和发展要求,结合港口开发现状、区位和地形条件,针对港区平面布置、高程设计和交通组织等问题进行重点分析。充分利用陆域资源特点和条件,考虑不同港口功能区对陆域的要求,提出合理的平面布置方案;综合分析防洪、港区排水、交通及土石方平衡等要求,对港口高程系统、重要节点高程控制和港内交通组织进行设计,为复杂地形条件下的内河集装箱港区规划设计提供参考。     

基于仿真建模的综合港区道宽规模和闸口数量规划研究

合理规划港区闸口通道数量和道路宽度是保证整个港区集疏运顺畅的关键因素。首先对码头闸口系统的作业特点和道路通行能力进行研究,定性分析并给出了闸口通道数量和道路通行能力相关参数的理论计算公式。然后利用计算机仿真技术,结合离散事件动态理论、排队论及交通流理论,建立了港区码头闸口通道数量及道路宽度仿真复合模型,并针对实际案例进行仿真试验研究。研究方法对提高港区规划设计水平有一定的参考意义。     

基于SIMIO的航道通过能力仿真研究

以某沿海港口为例,采用新一代面向对象的建模软件SIMIO构建了航行作业系统模型,计算了其航道通过能力,分析了港口运营状态,验证了仿真模型的可靠性,并分析了两种装卸效率下,不同船流密度对通过航道货运量、 AWT/AST和AWT的影响。研究结果表明,航道货运量随船流密度的增加而增大,且存在一个极限值,高效率的装卸设备只有在船流密度较大时才能发挥作用。为真实、客观地分析和预报港口航道通过能力提供一种新工具。     

交通系统对港城空间拓展的影响要素

港口活动和城市活动既可以相互促进也可以相互制约,陆域交通系统同时承载这两种活动,对港城的发展至关重要。基于国内外港城发展实例,对港城空间拓展模式进行研究,发现交通系统制约的问题在港城规模上升阶段普遍存在,得出关键影响要素:1)港城交通体系需求层次与交通分流系统的匹配; 2)交通系统与港城用地布局的协调; 3)港口规模与港城集疏运道路系统的匹配。本文结合案例进行定性和定量分析。     

灰色系统理论在海上交通事故预测中的应用

以某港口2001～2007年海上交通事故统计数据为依据,应用灰色系统预测理论,建立该港口海上交通事故的GM(1,1)模型和UGM(1,1)模型,进行定量计算,结合定性分析,从而预测出该港口2008年海上交通事故的数量,以及2008年各种海上交通事故的比例.     

洋山四期全自动化集装箱码头交通组织

全自动化集装箱码头具有高效、绿色、安全等突出优势。采用与自动化工艺系统相适应的交通组织尤为重要,以达到充分挖掘道路潜力、有效减少交通参与者的时间延误、提高路网通行能力的目的。结合洋山四期全自动化集装箱码头建设案例,采用高速公路立交设计方法,引进城市道路单向交通理念,对港外、港内道路进行路线方案设计并分配交通量,采用VISSIM仿真软件进行交通仿真模拟。研究结论如下：港区进出港闸口分开布设,港内主干道采用单向交通,港外道路节点立交并布设港外辅道。     

Manoeuvring and hotelling external costs: enough for alternative energy sources?

Local air pollution is the most relevant externality of maritime transport, and its effects are more acute in urban areas as a result of manoeuvring, hotelling and load/unload activities at ports. This article is intended to assess ships’ local air pollution impact in generally densely populated harbour areas to decide whether alternative power supply measures are feasible. First, an optimized infrastructure investment model is developed to ease implementation and maximize the efficiency of alternative power supply projects. Once target harbours and traffic (ship types) within a national port network have been chosen, a vessel traffic analysis (ship type, tonnage, manoeuvring, and hotelling times) is carried out to quantify and evaluate annual polluting emissions (PM_2,5, SO₂, NOx, and VOCs) and their externalities. Finally, the assessment model is applied and results of the Spanish port network case study are discussed. The results obtained are significant and bring the possibility of further controlling the ship’s environmental performance at berth.     

杭甬运河集装箱港口布局方案研究

运用层次分析法对杭甬运河集装箱港口布局进行规划研究,通过对港口腹地经济环境、集疏运网络、港口资源、港口服务管理水平、港口地理位置和投资等因素的权重分析,得到了以杭州港区为杭甬运河的主枢纽港,宁波海河联运港区和绍兴港区为重要港口,萧山港区、柯桥港区、上虞港区和余姚港区为一般港口的布局方案,其中主枢纽港和重要港口应以建设集装箱专用码头为主,其余应建设多用途码头。其结果对杭甬运河集装箱运输的发展具有重要的参考意义。     

The relationship between ‘position-port’, ‘hard-port’ and ‘soft-port’ characteristics and port performance: conceptual models

This research study attempts to conceptualize models based on the relationship between characterization factors and port performance. By selecting a universe of the 230 largest European ports in terms of cargo throughput, 43 valid answers were obtained. Factor analysis and K–W (Kruskal–Wallis) tests were carried out taking as a reference the port performance theory. Findings reveal the existence of a relationship between port performance and its characterization factors, delving into the development of conceptualized models that contribute to deepen the knowledge of port competition structure and dynamics within Europe.     

港区道路管理信号系统设计

随着港口大型化的发展,各港口的道路信号系统落后是普遍问题。本文分析了港口道路信号控制需求,提出了适用于港口的道路信号系统的系统目标和分级控制结构,并具体地界定了系统管理平台功能和信号控制机功能,最后以天津港为例介绍了港区主干路协调控制的设计方法。     

基于数字仿真及BIM技术的港口平面设计优化

针对某内河港口平面设计中挖入式港池布置方案比选和交通布局优化等关键问题,采用泥沙和交通数字仿真及BIM技术建模计算分析,得到了不同方案的回淤情况、平面交通组织情况,为港池方案比选和交通布局优化提供了科学的方法、可靠的数据支撑和可视化的手段,提高了设计的科学性和沟通效率。     

单向水道船舶进出港排序权重分析

为避免波浪涌入港内,沿岸港口皆构筑防波堤,堤口及通行水道不宜过宽,采用单向航行以缩小水道宽度是普遍现象。船舶进出港单向航行涉及进出顺序的安排。船舶自动识别系统(AIS)自2004年4月生效实施,提供了船舶动态、静态及航次相关信息数据,对VTS的交通组织服务而言,给予船舶通行管制莫大的帮助。为避免船舶在港口水域因为等候进出造成的拥挤招致碰撞,交管中心对于到达船舶及出港船舶必须作出适当的排序,既可解决通航安全,亦可达到通航效率。本研究就船载AIS所提供的信息中,与船舶通行安全有关的数据,以高雄港水域为例,运用AHP方法作成权重因素分析,其结果可作为运用于整合性船舶交通组织模型研究的参考。     

The foreign non-fuel cargo-traffic demand of the major British seaports in 1980 and 1985, a Markov Chain approach

Projections of the future traffic demand of British seaports are of great importance to port management bodies because of the huge capital investment required for installing modern port facilities. In this paper, the author uses a first order Markov Chain model to forecast the non-fuel cargo traffic demand of the major British seaports in 1980 and 1985.     

The MED rule: the interdependence of container throughput and transhipment volumes in the Mediterranean ports

The aim of the present paper is to explain the Mediterranean Transhipment Rule by a mathematical model showing the relationship between the diversion distance and the transhipment volumes, as well as the relationship to the total container traffic volume. Thus, the formula was applied to the figures achieved in 1994, 1995 and 1996. To conform with 1994, 1995 and 1996 data the formula was slightly altered so as to forecast transhipment volumes in the Mediterranean ports. By applying the formula to the figures achieved by some Mediterranean ports, the estimations were done which describe reliably enough that the transhipment volumes depend on the diversion distance and the total traffic throughput. In short, the volume of cargo transhipped in a single port is an inverse linear function of the distance of the port from the main-line vessels' route transiting the Mediterranean, and a linear function of the port container traffic volumes.     

The new governance structure of French seaports: an initial post-evaluation

France undertook a large port reform in 2008, which came into force in 2010–2011. It mostly applies a landlord port model to major French seaports, with the prediction that doing so will restore competiveness. This article presents the 2008 port reform, discusses why it was needed, notably with regard to the underperformance of container traffic, and details how new governing bodies are sharing their responsibilities amongst themselves. To this end, a textual analysis of the agenda items for the governing bodies created since 2011 of the largest French seaport, Port of Marseille, provides a means to compare the items discussed by the former management bodies. This analysis identifies a trend, in which the supervisory board focuses on global issues, the advisory board addresses local issues, and the board of directors considers internal issues. Even if ongoing, this transition creates favorable conditions to work more efficiently and may represent a step toward the better performance of French seaports.     

基于自动识别系统和门控递归装置的港口流量预测模型（英文）

Water transportation today has become increasingly busy because of economic globalization.In order to solve the problem of inaccurate port traffic flow prediction,this paper proposes an algorithm based on gated recurrent units(GRUs) and Markov residual correction to pass a fixed cross-section.To analyze the traffic flow of ships,the statistical method of ship traffic flow based on the automatic identification system(AIS) is introduced.And a model is put forward for predicting the ship flow.According to the basic principle of cyclic neural networks,the law of ship traffic flow in the channel is explored in the time series.Experiments have been performed using a large number of AIS data in the waters near Xiazhimen in Zhoushan,Ningbo,and the results show that the accuracy of the GRU-Markov algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms,proving the practicability and effectiveness of this method in ship flow prediction.     

沿海港口交通安全和信息管理系统研究

为完善沿海港口交通安全和信息管理能力,提高港口的物流中心地位,通过对现有的船舶交通管理系统(VTS)分析,研究了港口交通安全和信息管理系统(VTIMS)中的船舶动态信息系统、交通安全和信息控制中心、通信网络三大单元的设计结构、功能和核心技术;港口信息平台和通信网络功能的提出为今后港口的物流中心地位的建立奠定了理论基础。     

Vertical integration and its implications to port expansion

ABSTRACT

Over the years many shipping lines have established terminal operation companies, with some set up as independent firms. However, port authorities and local governments have not always welcomed external investment and control with open arms. The economic implications and each stakeholder’s best strategies remain unclear. This study develops an analytical model in order to study the effects of vertical integration, with a focus on shipping lines’ investment in ports’ capacity. Modelling results suggest that vertical integration between terminal operator and a shipping line leads to higher port capacity, port charge, market output and consumer surplus. It also reduces delay costs. All these results suggest that vertical integration can be an important source of synergy for the maritime industry. Although vertical integration increases the participating carrier’s output at the expenses of non-integrating rival shipping firms, our numerical analysis suggests that the overall social welfare is likely to increase. Preliminary empirical tests confirm that vertically integrated ports handle more traffic volumes and are associated with better infrastructure and equipment. Therefore, port authorities and government regulators should carefully review the market competition status as well as port expansion plans.