Sustainability and national policy in UK port development

Given the private sector character of the UK port system it might well be thought that, so far as port development is concerned, the market ruled. There are of course permissions to be obtained, including planning consent under the Town and Country Planning Acts; but this process has not so far been considered to interfere with market function. Ports are already well used to the process of obtaining approval, to negotiations with objectors and environmental interests, and to mitigating the effects of development when defining projects and seeking approval.

However, as ports policy is being brought into line with transport policy generally, and in particular with Government policy for sustainable development, ports are being faced with a more challenging regulatory framework. The search for sustainable transport is leading Government towards a broader based approach to the approval of development applications in which market need and commercial viability are simply two of a number of considerations which ports must take into account in designing projects which also meet environmental concerns.

There has been a long standing requirement for developers of major projects to carry out Environmental Impact Assessments. In addition Government policy is set out in a number of publications, applying sustainability and the associated “New Approach to Transport Assessment” (NATA) to the ports sector. In a separate and broader initiative it has also considered a radical reform of the planning system and the establishment of national priorities for infrastructure combined with a simplification of the Public Inquiry process. In the event it has been decided not to establish national priorities in the ports sector, although the aim of simplification of the Inquiry process remains.

The aim of this paper is to explore the emerging theoretical and practical issues arising within the development approval process. These are of most concern in the development of major projects for cargoes which have broad hinterlands, and where there are competing locations for new facilities. The most important example of this is in the deep sea container sector where there is a demand for new capacity and a choice of widely spaced locations in the south east of the UK. Some comment will be made on this sector and on the issues arising at the Public Inquiries for the proposed container port developments at Dibden Bay (Southampton) and the London Gateway at Shellhaven on the north bank of the Thames.     

The national role in world port development: United States and Western Europe

This paper gives a review of port policies of Western European countries and of the USA, and contrasts the roles of the ports of individual countries. Following a discussion on the assessment of port performance, the paper concludes with remarks on principles of port policy and the implications of Western European policies on US port policy.     

宁波舟山亮剑指洋山

2005年12月10日,洋山港宣布正式开港,与此同时,世界第一大港之冠,亦被揽入怀中。转瞬间,上海已将新加坡、香港等港口大鳄抛在了身后。这一年,港口业的舞台似乎成了上海港的独角戏。目睹上海港一跃成为世界港口业的焦点,近在咫尺的浙江,却品尝着另一番苦涩。在浙江人的内心深处,“洋山”本是浙江人的“洋山”。面对洋山港的横空出世,浙江省也在谋求应对之策。洋山港开港十日后,浙江省政府宣布:宁波舟山港实行“规划、建设、品牌、管理”四统一。“宁波舟山港”于2006年1月1日起正式启用,原有的“宁波港”和“舟山港”名称不再使用。无疑,宁波舟山港旨在世界第一港。于是,世界第一港之争,也便成了业界谈论和研究的课题。     

Norwegian port connectivity and its policy implications

The importance of a seaport depends on how well it is connected in a transportation network. A port’s connectivity is therefore one of the key issues in determining its competitiveness and developments in regions and countries. We construct a port connectivity index for major Norwegian ports based on a unique dataset derived from the automated identification system (AIS) for multiple vessel types over a 7-year period. Port connectivity is evaluated empirically by the number of unique vessel visits, vessel sizes, and cargo sizes. The research has implications for port authorities and policy makers in the areas of port planning, infrastructure investment, short sea shipping promotion, and environmental policies. The contributions of this research are twofold. First, the methodology linking the AIS vessel-tracking system with port connectivity is a pioneering empirical application of maritime big data. Second, the port connectivity index is constructed for multiple vessel types and regional port groups, which is an improvement from the current literature where conceptual measures are constructed based on hypothetical and usually too simple optimization rules. The methodology can be easily expanded to other regions in the world.     

连云港港口枢纽经济发展路径

为积极融入一带一路倡议,加快打造一带一路合作倡议标杆和示范项目,界定港口枢纽经济的内涵,构建港口枢纽经济体系,并提出连云港港口枢纽经济的发展路径。按照发展路径,提出五大实施样板:打造一带一路交通标杆示范样板――重点建设新亚欧陆海联运通道,打造苏北运河―淮河流域运输结构调整样板――重点建设海河联运体系,打造综合物流集聚区样板――重点推进上合物流园建设,打造港产园联动发展样板――重点推进徐圩港产园联动发展,打造现代航运服务发展样板――重点推进连云国际航运服务集聚区建设。     

乍浦港临港贸易发展研究

阐述了目前沿海港口开展临港贸易的一般模式.结合中小港口自身的优劣势以及所处的政策环境,本文提出了中小港口开展临港贸易的新模式--搭建为贸易客户提供一体化贸易服务的临港贸易平台.同时总结中小港口临港贸易平台的性质和功能以及业务构成.     

第4代港口新概念与我国港口物流发展趋势

为探讨第4代港口新概念对我国港口物流发展的推动作用．阐述第4代港口的研究背景、内涵、特征及发展趋势,在此基础上,探讨基于第4代港口新概念的我国港口物流发展趋势,认为未来我国港口应当大力开展协同竞争并积极参与纵向合作．     

Illusion as a factor in determining policy in development of a port: the case of Haifa

The mayor and citizens of Haifa live under the illusion that their city port possesses geographical advantages over competitor-ports, an attitude which gives rise to great hopes for the city's prosperity, especially after the peace agreement with Egypt.

On the basis of this illusion, decisions are made that may have severe consequences for the development of the port and the city. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the changes in the Middle East over the years have deprived Haifa of most of the geographical advantages it had, and so expose the illusion for what it is.     

港口设施保安费政策的延续

1港口设施保安费政策简介 2002年12月,国际海事组织海上保安外交大会通过《国际海上人命安全公约》（以下简称SOLAS公约）修正案,提出加强海上保安的特别措施,并强制要求船舶符合《国际船舶和港口设施保安规则》（以下简称ISPS规则）的规定。我国是SOLAS公约的缔约国,SOLAS公约修正案生效后,为了更好地履行公约,原交通部制定《中华人民共和国港口设施保安规则》,细化公约规定。     

推进宁波港口物流发展

港口物流业是跨行业、跨部门、跨地区的基础性行业,具有强大的经济渗透力和带动效应。加快港口物流业发展,对于推动宁波港口经济转型升级,实现宁波港域的可持续发展,全面提升宁波港域的综合竞争力和建设浙江海洋经济带,具有十分重要的意义。     

印度港口业概况

近年来,随着经济的快速发展,印度港口吞吐量稳步增长,预计未来5a的年增长率为10%~12%。印度信用评级机构ICRA的研究报告称,在商品出口增长、石油和煤炭进口上升以及世界经济强劲增长的推动下,印度港口吞吐量节节攀升。     

从区港联动到保税港——宁波港发展新亮点

从宁波区港联动的规划背景出发,分析宁波区港联动政策的规划实施,进一步探讨宁波实行区港联动运作的进程特点,结合保税区、保税物流园区和保税港在退税政策、主要功能、外汇管理和中转集运等方面的区别,得出宁波港应向保税港发展的结论。     

深水航道对江苏港口的推动作用及港口发展策略分析

长江南京以下12. 5 m深水航道工程的实施,有力地提升了长江干线江苏段的航道通过能力。针对江苏沿江港口如何依托深水航道推动自身发展的问题,在分析深水航道对到港船舶大型化提升、航运成本下降、运输组织优化、沿江产业转型升级等方面的促进作用的基础上,提出完善和畅洲水道航道条件、整合港口资源和优化布局、加强港口基础设施建设、优化临港产业布局、改善口岸通关政策等建议。     

Editorial: The UK shipping policy

The purpose of this paper is to consider some of the issues arising from currency fluctuations or currency disparities and in particular their effects upon freight earnings through the application of a currency adjustment factor (CAF).

The operation of CAFs has been a source of great concern to shippers and shipper's councils since their introduction some seven years ago. The basis of this concern has been the widening differential of applicable CAFs as a surcharge on basic freight rates. The CAF system has been regarded by many as iniquitous and punitive. Conferences have been accused of insulating themselves from currency losses due to exchange-rate variability consequent upon the introduction of flexible exchange rates in 1971. However, this mounting pressure has brought the operation of the CAF formula under close scrutiny especially from four sources.

(a) Some member Councils of the European Shippers' Council (ESC).

(b) The Japanese Shippers' Council (JSC).

(c) The question of the legality of differential CAFs under the Treaty of Rome

(d) Complaints from North Continental Maltsters.     

Optimal investment priority in container port development

The aim of this paper is to develop realistic and relevant investment planning models for inland container transportation systems. The models may be utilized to identify the most effective investment plan for inland transportation infrastructure development and to evaluate the inland container transportation system. The procedure enables determination of the optimal locations, sizes and time of container port developments as well as the optimal container cargo flows through transportation networks. A heuristic algorithm was developed for the purpose of evaluating alternative investment plans. Dynamic and linear programming methods are applied to each of the two planning problems: the former for the optimum container port capacity development problem and the latter for the optimal allocation of inland container traffic movements. The model has been applied to concrete inland container transportation system problems in Korea.     

Optimal investment priority in container port development

The aim of this paper is to develop realistic and relevant investment planning models for inland container transportation systems. The models may be utilized to identify the most effective investment plan for inland transportation infrastructure development and to evaluate the inland container transportation system. The procedure enables determination of the optimal locations, sizes and time of container port developments as well as the optimal container cargo flows through transportation networks. A heuristic algorithm was developed for the purpose of evaluating alternative investment plans. Dynamic and linear programming methods are applied to each of the two planning problems: the former for the optimum container port capacity development problem and the latter for the optimal allocation of inland container traffic movements. The model has been applied to concrete inland container transportation system problems in Korea.     

我国港口物流的特点和发展趋势

为推动港口物流发展,转变我国港口经济增长方式,分析近年我国港口物流的特点及部分港口的物流发展经验,总结未来我国港口物流发展的趋势：开展全程物流、多式联运、保税物流;服务临港产业;建设内陆“无水港”。     

用科学发展观指导港口发展

为更好地指导我国港口未来的发展，充分贯彻落实科学发展观，树立科学发展理念，走港口和谐发展与可持续发展之路，在深入分析胡锦涛总书记“十七大”报告精神基础上，对以下几个方面进行探讨：（1）改变港口发展模式，转变港口发展观念；（2）充分做到港口的“资源节约”和“环境友好”；（3）以港口为出发点，使得各种运输方式全面协调发展；（4）以港口为突破口，发展我国现代物流业；（5）鼓励港口资源的跨区域整合；（6）做好港口安全预警和预案工作；（7）港口发展方式由“大”到“强”转变；（8）探讨港口科学发展的长效机制。