对海事口岸管理工作的思考

口岸管理作为海事部门一项重要的职能越来越受到重视,不少领导、学者认为海事中心工作包括以下三个方面：一是水上交通安全监督管理;二是口岸开放监管;三是服务经济建设和社会发展,可见口岸管理在海事工作中的重要性。但由于多种原因,目前海事口岸管理面临不少问题和挑战.以下是本人关于海事口岸管理的一些肤浅认识。     

打造天津电子口岸领航跨区域口岸合作

近年来．天津市努力将滨海新区建设成为立足天津，依托京冀．服务环渤海．辐射“三北”，面向东北亚的高水平的现代制造和研发转化基地，北方国际航运中心和国际物流中心．宜居的滨海新城。紧紧围绕增强滨海新区五大功能之一的国际航运、国际贸易和国际物流功能，进一步提高通关效率，降低通关成本，优化投资环境，推进天津与腹地口岸的合作，     

2006年美国港口集装箱运输发展分析

集装箱运输已经成为各经济和贸易大国发展状况的标志。美国是目前全球最发达的经济和贸易大国,是我国长期以来努力追赶的目标之一。美国、我国大陆和香港地区的集装箱吞吐量发展变化如图1所示。如果仅仅考虑我国大陆港口的集装箱运输,美国从2003年起由全球集装箱吞吐量第1大国滑到第2,我国大陆集装箱吞吐量全球第1。     

金融危机对我国港口集装箱运输的影响

分析此次金融危机对于消费模式、贸易格局的影响,结合有关机构对我国经贸发展的预测,分析金融危机对于我国港口集装箱吞吐量的影响,并提出客观认识码头吞吐能力、保持合理建设节奏、完善港口功能、提高资源效益和提高口岸综合效率等建议。     

国内外港口经济腹地研究述评

为今后进行港口与腹地等相关研究提供理论基础,通过对港口腹地的划分、港城关系、交通运输及港口发展等国内外相关文献的归纳与评价,提出应从以下几方面作进一步研究：（1）从内陆交通运输与海运技术相结合的角度对港口与区域发展进行研究;（2）在港口对共同腹地的吸引和相互作用方面多进行定量研究,提高对腹地范围分析的深度和准确性;（3）揭示港口自身发展规律及其与腹地范围扩大的相互作用机制;（4）从微观角度研究港口、城市、区域有机结合与内陆经济腹地的空间相互作用及其对区域港口腹地范围的划分;（5）采用定量方法对港口腹地范围和空间分布情况作深层次研究。     

基于资源整合的日本集装箱港口改革重组

近10年来,曾在日本国民经济中具有战略地位的港口部门出现国际竞争力下降的态势,集装箱吞吐量增长缓慢.因此最近日本推出了基于资源整合的一揽子港口新政,旨在通过改革重组使日本集装箱港口重获在东亚地区的竞争优势,谋求港口经济的复兴.对该新政进行探讨,并指出其对我国京津冀都市圈港口群一体化的借鉴意义.     

适应形势发展加强地方立法——浅谈青岛市海上交通安全立法

近年来,伴随着青岛市港口经济的快速发展,海上交通安全管理工作中出现了新情况和新问题,通过地方立法加强海上交通安全管理迫在眉睫。     

地主港模式在新兴港口推行的可行性和迫切性

为加快我国港口体制改革前进步伐,寻求适合我国港口建设发展并更具优越性的港口体制模式,根据国内外港口发展的成熟经验,归纳、总结并富有创新性地提出一种更适合我国港口建设发展的新型“地主港”管理模式,阐述该模式在国内新兴港口实施的可行性及迫切性,对该模式的实施方法及效果提出建议：加强“政企分开”的港口管理体制的落实,强调港口行政管理部门的职能;完善有关法律制度建设;政府给予一定的政策扶持。     

Dynamic programming of port position and scale in the hierarchized container ports network

A hierarchized container ports network, with several super hubs and many multilevel hub ports, will be established, mainly serving transshipment and carrying out most of its business in the hub-spoke mode. This paper sums up a programming model, in which the elementary statistic units, cost and expense of every phase of any shipment are the straight objects, and the minimum cost of the whole network is taken as the objective. This is established based on a dynamic system to make out the hierarchical structure of the container ports network, i.e. the trunk hub and feeder hubs can be planned in a economic zone, then the optimal scale vector can also be obtained for all container ports concerned with the network. The vector is a standard measurement to decide a port's position and their scale distribution in the whole network.     

Dynamic programming of port position and scale in the hierarchized container ports network

A hierarchized container ports network, with several super hubs and many multilevel hub ports, will be established, mainly serving transshipment and carrying out most of its business in the hub-spoke mode. This paper sums up a programming model, in which the elementary statistic units, cost and expense of every phase of any shipment are the straight objects, and the minimum cost of the whole network is taken as the objective. This is established based on a dynamic system to make out the hierarchical structure of the container ports network, i.e. the trunk hub and feeder hubs can be planned in a economic zone, then the optimal scale vector can also be obtained for all container ports concerned with the network. The vector is a standard measurement to decide a port's position and their scale distribution in the whole network.     

港口经营人在海上货物运输中的法律地位

港口经营人的概念港口经营人又称港站经营人、运输港站经营人。在我国,长期以来称为港务局,港口体制改革后,多称为港务公司,在日本和新加坡仍称为港务局,在台湾省称为栈埠作业单位。1991年的《联合国国际贸易运输港站经营人赔偿责任公约》(以下简称《港站经营人赔偿责任公约》)     

The impact of port and trade security initiatives on maritime supply-chain management

The fundamental objective of the Container Security Initiative (CSI) is to engage both so-called 'mega-ports' (ports sending the highest volume of ocean going container traffic into the US) and the national governments where these ports are located in a way that will facilitate the pre-screening of outbound containers destined to the US. The emerging issue of security as a key factor in global supply chains can be perceived as inconsistent with the objective of facilitating international trade (Dulbecco and Laporte, 2003). However, this perception does not stand up to analysis. Security is an evident part of the mainstream supply-chain paradigm while security can also become a driver for trade facilitation. The purpose of this paper is therefore to discuss the impact of the US CSI on maritime supply chains. The first section will mostly be related to the issue of security and supply chains while the second section will investigate CSI and its impact while exploring some of the financing implications of the security initiative.     

海上交通态势观察判断在VTS值班中的运用

分析海上交通态势观察判断的意义,以宁波水域为例,列举有效运用并成功避免人员伤亡、控制事故发展的典型案例,分情况探讨如何在VTS值班中运用海上交通态势观察与判断及可能得到的效果,并从VTS值班角度出发,提出提高值班员海上交通态势观察与判断能力的合理化建议。     

Air pollution impact of maritime shipping operations in the port of Houston

Abstract

Major air pollutants from maritime shipping operations are sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions from combustion of fuel oil during cruise, berth, and start‐up modes. Sulfur oxides emissions are substantial from steamships burning high‐sulfur residual fuel oil, where shipping contributes 66 percent of the total sulfur dioxide emissions from transportation sources, and almost 3 percent of the total for Harris county, Texas. Nitrogen oxides emissions are significant during cruise conditions for both steamships and motor ships, while particulate emissions are substantial during start‐up and tube cleaning.

Significant marine air pollutant emission sources are found in busy harbor areas such as the Houston Ship Channel. Offshore terminals for unloading large tankers may result in emissions of 10 to 20 tons of sulfur oxides daily per ship, and 3 to 5 tons of nitrogen oxides daily per ship during pumping operations. Trace‐metal constituents present in the oil may catalyze sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidation to their respective sulfate and nitrate aerosols in the humid Texas Gulf Coast atmospheres to aggravate photochemical air pollution problems once the air masses reach industrial and populated urban areas on land. Onshore sulfur dioxide and particulate‐matter emission controls may be necessary for some large ships in port to minimize potential impact on coastal zone air quality.     

Specialization and economic impact of the ports of Montreal,Quebec, Saint John,and Halifax

Specialization in cargoes and forelands is defined for the ports of Montreal, Quebec, Saint John, and Halifax using a variation of the location quotient. Economic impact is also defined using the location quotient. All ports are shown to have some degree of specialization; whereas, Saint John and Halifax have relatively greater economic impact. It is suggested that the four ports should be encouraged to develop their specializations. However, are the benefits to the shipping industry in following such a policy outweighed by the losses to the local economies because investment in certain ports does not take place?     

Specialization and economic impact of the ports of Montreal, Quebec, Saint John, and Halifax

Specialization in cargoes and forelands is defined for the ports of Montreal, Quebec, Saint John, and Halifax using a variation of the location quotient. Economic impact is also defined using the location quotient. All ports are shown to have some degree of specialization; whereas, Saint John and Halifax have relatively greater economic impact. It is suggested that the four ports should be encouraged to develop their specializations. However, are the benefits to the shipping industry in following such a policy outweighed by the losses to the local economies because investment in certain ports does not take place?     

冬季海上交通事故多发的成因及防范

冬季气候恶劣多变,是海上交通事故的多发季节。从冬季海上交通事故频繁多发的成因入手,以安全管理学的观点进行分析,用系统论的观点,全方位地提出防范措施,以达到全面加强海上交通管理的目的。     

试论水上交通事故预防预控的关键

文中从人、船及环境三个方面对长江张家港段水上交通事故进行归纳分析和论述，论述突破传统观念，提出海轮行为是碰撞事故预防预控的关键因素等理念，旨在对避免事故发生有所促进，并奢望对整个长江江苏段水上交通安全能有所裨益。     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。     

基于VTS的海事信息发布系统

此文论述了建立海事信息发布系统的必要性,并结合海上交通的发展,特别是VTS的使用, 提出了海事信息发布系统的总体结构和实现方式。实际应用表明,该系统能满足海事信息化、政务化和商务化的要求。